Media and Music Technology

1. Computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a
program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.
2. Cell phone Small wireless device that has at least the same functions of a standard wired telephone but is smaller and more
mobile.
3. LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface.
4. Recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are specially
designed by an acoustician to achieve optimum acoustic properties (acoustic isolation or diffusion or absorption of reflected
sound that could otherwise interfere with the sound heard by the listener).
5. Radio station is the wireless transmission of signals through free space by electromagneti radiation of a frequency
significantly below that of visible light, in the radio frequency range, from about 30 kHz to 300 GHz.
6. Print Media
Print media encompasses mass communication through printed material. It includes newspapers, magazines, booklets and
brochures, house magazines, periodicals or newsletters, direct mailers, handbills or flyers, billboards, press releases, and
books.
7. newspaper is a periodical publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and
advertising Magazines:
8. Magazines are another type of popular culture print media. They usually cater to a specific type of audience who are looking
for information based on a particular subject.
9. Pre-buying promotion: Usually in malls and stores, promotional literature is distributed free to all (with discount offers, or
other schemes which seem profitable). For example, a free booklet about cosmetics will include information about the
products, latest trends, contents, the benefits of using them, the available range, or colors, discount coupons, etc. This, will
most likely, have a positive impact on your decision-making.
10. Post-buying promotion: These booklets and brochures are usually given with a product for better customer experience and
easy usage, post purchasing
11. Billboards: Billboards or hoardings are huge advertisements that are put up at a height in strategic locations to fetch more
attention.
12. Press Releases: A press release is an important device of communication because it takes the relevant communication
directly to the press. Whenever government, organizations, NGOs, retail outlets, design houses, celebrities, etc. have a
newsworthy announcement to make, they draft a press note which is then sent to the members of the press in the form of a
hard copy, fax, mail, or CD.
13. Books: Last but not the least, books are a significant medium of mass communication as they have a large reader base. The
expressions and opinions of the writer are taken to the readers in the form of a compiled book.Back to Index
14. Electronic Media
Electronic media is the kind of media which requires the user to utilize an electric connection to access it. It is also known as
'Broadcast Media'. It includes television, radio, and new-age media like Internet, computers, telephones, etc.
15. Television: Television appeals both the auditory and visual senses, and hence is an important communication device as it
beholds the attention of the audience. For many people, it is impossible to imagine a life without their television sets, be it the
daily news, or even the soap operas. Television has become an advertising hub where advertisers are ready to spend huge
amounts for an ad of few seconds, especially for programs with high viewership. An apt example would be, Super Bowl
Season. It offers various programs to appeal the masses of different age groups. It is a popular means of communication
which provides both information and entertainment. This category also includes electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs
as well as the electronic gadgets.

16. New Age Media
With the advent of Internet, we are now enjoying the benefits of high technology mass media, which is not only faster than the
old school mass media, but also has a widespread range. Mobile phones, computers, and Internet are often referred to as the
new-age media. Internet has opened up several new opportunities for mass communication which include e-mail, websites,
podcasts, e-forums, e-books, blogging, Internet TV, and many others which are booming today. Internet has also started social
networking sites which have redefined mass communication all together. Sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have
made communication to the masses all the more entertaining, interesting, and easier!
17. Mobile Phones: Mobile phones have become a boon to mankind. It has made communication possible at anytime, and from
anywhere. Nowadays, a smart device like a mobile phone is not only used for interaction, but also for other technical utilities
like operating pumps from remote locations, etc. You can also get alerts of your monetary transactions on a mobile phone.
About a decade ago, who would have thought of having Internet on mobiles? Today, we can stay in touch with the whole world
via Internet on our mobile phones.Back to Index

18. Computers: With the invention of computers the impossible has become possible. We virtually get information about
everything from pin to piano with the help of computers. It has added speed and multimedia to the information which was
earlier available only in the print format. Also, anyone can voice their opinions through computers. Computers have added a
new breakthrough in the mass media by combining human intelligence with the cutting edge technology.Back to Index
Internet: This is the most important device of the new age media. The discovery of Internet can be called the biggest invention
in mass media. In earlier days, news used to reach people only with the morning newspaper. But today, live updates reach us
simultaneously as the events unfold. For example, the royal wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince William was watched live
on the Internet by millions of people around the world. Internet has inspired interaction and connectivity through its social
networking medium. It has become one of the core means of mass communication. We cannot think of leading our lives
without it. Let us see how Internet impacts mass communication through the following mediums.
19. e-mails: e-mails or electronic mails have drastically reduced the time it took for drafting and sending letters, or mails.
Electronic mails have also facilitated lesser usage of paper.
20. Websites: Internet has a plethora of websites dedicated to various people, companies, brands, causes, activities, etc. The
most significant utility of these websites is for providing information, search engines, downloads through libraries, and
interaction through the social networking sites. Because of these websites, carrying out e-commerce transactions has also
become easy.
21. Podcasts: Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short video or audio files. They can be seen and heard
on mobiles, computers, and portable media instruments. They are engaging devices of communication.
22. eForums: eForums are bulletin boards on websites where people start threads on topics. These are usually hosted on a
website. These forums are open platforms to discuss a range of topics right from which wall color is appropriate for a baby
girl's room to the research on the God particle. People give their opinions and share their experiences on various topics.
23. eBooks: There are a number of websites which have hosted eBooks and online libraries. The main benefit of having eBooks
is that you don't have to carry bulky books. You can read them on your eBook readers, mobiles, computer screens, or other
devices. You can even adjust the font size to suit your requirements.
24. Blogging: A blog is a space on the Internet where a single person or a group of people record their information, opinions,
photos, videos, etc. It is an interesting and free platform to talk about any topic. Interaction happens in the form of comments
or feedback.
25. Internet TV: It is also known as online TV. It usually has an archive of programs. You have to choose the program, you wish
to view from the list. You can either view the programs directly from the host server, or download the content on your
computer. It is an effective means of communication.
26. Facebook: It is the most popular social networking website. Facebook has several applications which people utilize. It is the
best platform to meet old friends, or make new ones. Advertisers also like this forum for communicating about their products.
27. Twitter: It is also a famous social networking website. Twitter is a microblogging site which allows interaction and feedback of
different people. There was a time when it was very popular among celebrities and individuals. Today, the governments of
various nations have understood the importance of "tweeting" information to the public, and regularly share information
through Twitter.
28. YouTube: It is a website which uploads content in a video format. It houses a range of interesting videos that appeal to people
of all generations. From films to educational videos, you will find everything on YouTube.Back to Index




ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
Rhythm,Melody,Harmony,Key,Texture,Form.


Rhythm is the flow of music through time.
Rhythm has several interrelated aspects: beat, meter, accent and syncopation, and tempo.
Beat: is a regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time. When you clap your hands or tap your foot to music,
you are responding to its beat.
A note may last a fraction of a beat, an entire beat, or more than a beat. More specifically, rhythm can be defined as the particular
arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music. The rhythm of a melody is an essential feature of its personality.
Meter: In music we find a repeated pattern of a strong beat plus one or more weaker beats. The organization of beats into regular
groups is called meter.
A group containing a fixed number of beats is called a measure. There are several types of meter, which are based on the number of
beats in a measure.
When a measure has 2 beats, it is in duple meter; we count 12, 12,
The first, or stressed, beat of the measure is known as the downbeat.
A pattern of 3 beats to the measure is known as triple meter. All waltzes are in triple meter, we count 123, 123, etc.
Another basic metrical pattern is quadruple meter, which has 4 beats to the measure. As usual, the downbeat is strongest; but there is
another stress on the third beat, which is stronger than the second and fourth beats and weaker than the first: 1234, 1234.
Upbeat: It is an unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat.
Sextuple meter contains six rather quick beats to the measure. The downbeat is strongest, and the fourth beat also receives a
stress:123456.
Quintuple meter, with 5 beats to the measure, and septuple meter,with 7 beats to the measure, occur frequently in twentieth-century
music and are found occasionally in earlier music. Each of these meters combines duple and triple meter. In quintuple meter, for
example, the measure is subdivided into groups of 2 and 3 beats:123/45 or 12/345.
Accent and Syncopation: An important aspect of rhythm is the way individual notes are stressedhow they get special emphasis. A
note is emphasized most obviously by being played louder than the notes around it, that is, by receiving a dynamic accent.
When an accented note comes where we normally would not expect one, the effect is known as syncopation.
A syncopation also occurs when a weak beat is accented, as in 1234 or 1234.

Tempo: is the speed of the beat, the basic pace of the music.
A fast tempo is associated with a feeling of energy, drive, and excitement. A slow tempo often contributes to a solemn, lyrical, or calm
mood.
A tempo indication is usually given at the beginning of a piece. As with dynamics, the terms that show tempo (at the left) are in Italian.
Melody: After hearing a piece of music, we usually remember its melody best. melody is a series of single tones which add up to a
recognizable whole.
Key: involves not only a central tone but also a central scale and chord. A piece in the key of C has a basic scale, do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-
do, with C as its do, or tonic. Key, then, refers to the presence of a central note, scale, and chord within a piece. Another term for key
istonality.
Texture: homophonic, Polyphonic, Monophonic
Polyphonic Texture
Simultaneous performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest produces the texture called polyphonic, meaning
having many sounds. In polyphony several melodic lines compete for attention. (When several jazz musicians improvise different
melodies at once, they produce polyphony.)
The technique of combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole is called counterpoint.
The term contrapuntal texture is sometimes used in place ofpolyphonic texture
Polyphonic music often contains imitation, which occurs when a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument and is then
restated immediately by another voice or instrument.
Homophonic Texture: When we hear one main melody accompanied by chords, the texture is homophonic.
Monophonic Texture: When we hear one main melody without accompaniment, the texture is monophonic.

Form: in music is the organization of musical elements in time. In a musical composition, pitch, tone color, dynamics, rhythm, melody,
and texture interact to produce a sense of shape and structure.
Techniques That Create Musical Form
Repetition, contrast, and variation are essential techniques in short tunes as well as in compositions lasting much
longer. Repetitioncreates a sense of unity; contrast provides variety; and variation, in keeping some elements of a musical thought while
changing others, gives a work unity and variety at the same time.
Repetition: In music the repetition of melodies or extended sections is a technique widely used for binding a composition together.
Through repetition, a melody is engraved in the memory.
Contrast: Forward motion, conflict, and change of mood all come from contrast. Oppositionof loud and soft, strings and woodwinds, fast
and slow, major and minorpropels and develops musical ideas. A composer can emphasize the power and excitement of one musical
idea by contrasting it with another idea that is calm and lyrical
Variation:In the variation of a musical idea, some of its features will be retained while others are changed. For example, the melody
might be restated with a different accompaniment. Or the pitches of a melody might stay the same while its rhythmic pattern is changed.
A whole composition can be created from a series of variations on a single musical idea.
Types of Musical Form
Three-Part (Ternary) Form: A B A. During the last few centuriesthree-part form (A B A) has probably been used most frequently. This
form can be represented as statement (A), contrast or departure (B),return (A).
Two-Part (Binary) Form: A B. A composition subdivided into two large sections is in two-part form (A B). Two-part form gives a sense
ofstatement (A) and counterstatement (B).












Aaron Paul Suson