EDEXCEL NATIONALS

UNIT 6 MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES and APPLICATIONS

ASSIGNMENT No.1


NAME:

I agree to the assessment as contained in this assignment. I confirm that the work submitted is my own work.

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Learning outcome 1

On completion of this unit a learner should:

1 Be able to determine the effects of loading in static engineering systems

2 Be able to determine work, power and energy transfer in dynamic engineering systems

3 Be able to determine the parameters of fluid systems

4 Be able to determine the effects of energy transfer in thermodynamic systems.


FEEDBACK COMMENTS
This assignment assesses P1, P2, P3 and M1 and can contribute to D1.





























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Internal verifier Signature_____________________________ Date:____________________

Grading grid
In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate that they can meet
all of the learning outcomes for the unit. The criteria for a pass grade describe the level of achievement required to pass
this unit.

Grading criteria
To achieve a pass grade the evidence
must show that the learner is able to:
Achieved To achieve a merit grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria,
the learner is able to:
Achieved To achieve a distinction
grade the evidence must
show that, in addition to the
pass and merit criteria, the
learner is able to:
Achieved
P1 calculate the magnitude, direction
and position of the line of action
of the resultant and equilibrant
of a non-concurrent coplanar
force system containing a
minimum of four forces acting
in different directions.
M1 calculate the factor of
safety in operation for a
component subjected to
combined direct and
shear loading against
given failure criteria.
D1 compare and contrast
the use of
DAlemberts principle
with the principle of
conservation of energy
to solve an engineering
problem.

P2 calculate the support reactions of a
simply supported beam carrying
at least two concentrated loads
and a uniformly distributed load

M2 determine the retarding
force on a freely falling
body when it impacts
upon a stationary
object and is brought to
rest without rebound,
in a given distance.

D2 evaluate the methods
that might be used to
determine the density
of a solid material and
the density of a liquid.

P3 calculate the induced direct stress,
strain and dimensional change
in a component subjected to
direct uniaxial loading and the
shear stress and strain in a
component subjected to shear
loading.
M3 determine the thermal
efficiency of a heat
transfer process from
given values of flow
rate, temperature
change and input
power.


P4 solve three or more problems that
require the application of kinetic
and dynamic principles to
determine unknown system
parameters.

M4 determine the force
induced in a rigidly
held component that
undergoes a change in
temperature.

P5 calculate the resultant thrust and
overturning moment on a
vertical rectangular retaining
surface with one edge in the free
surface of a liquid.


P6 determine the up-thrust on an
immersed body.


P7 use the continuity of volume and
mass flow for an incompressible
fluid to determine the design
characteristics of a gradually
tapering pipe.


P8 calculate dimensional change when
a solid material undergoes a
change in temperature and the
heat transfer that accompanies a
change of temperature and
phase.

P9 solve two or more problems that
require application of
thermodynamic process
equations for a perfect gas to
determine unknown parameters
of the problems.


PART 1 HOIST


The diagram shows a hoist attached to a cantilevered girder. The load has a mass M of 2500 kg. The
force required on the rope F to raise it is 2 kN. The pin attaching the hoist has a diameter D of 25
mm. The section of girder has a distributed weight w of 250 N/m. The girder is suspended from a
pin jointed rod attached to the wall as shown. The rod is 20 mm diameter. The angle of the rods to
the girder is 30
o
. The angle of the rope being pulled to the vertical is 30
o
. The girder has a length
L of 2 m and the hoist is suspended on a pin at distance x of 1.5 m from the left end.

The shear stress in the steel pin must not exceed 50 MPa. The direct stress in the supporting rod
must not exceed 200 MPa. The modulus of elasticity for steel is 205 GPa.

Assume that all the forces act on the centre line of the girder.

Draw the free body diagram for the girder.

Calculate the following.

1. The shear stress in the pin.

2. The safety factor for the pin.

3. The tensile force T in the rod.

4. The tensile stress in the rod.

5. The safety factor for the rod.

6. The force exerted by both rollers on the girder at the point of contact.

7. The strain in the tie rod.

8. The change in length of the tie rod.
STUDENT and TUTOR GUIDE TO DOING THIS ASSIGNMENT

The solution is best done by constructing a free body diagram. You will need to resolve the forces
acting at an angle into vertical and horizontal components and conduct force and moment balance.
You will need to add force vectors in order to solve the shear stress in the pin.

If you are unable to get started or make progress you should seek assistance from your tutor and
your grades will be determined by how much assistance you need.

Tutors may purchase the full solution from admin@www.freestudy.co.uk.

This also includes a Mathcad file for solving variations of the problem by changing the data. This
will enable tutors to set different assignments and so reduce the risk of copying.


TO OBTAIN A DISTINCTION

You should do all parts correctly with the minimum of assistance. Your solutions should be
exceptionally clear and accurate and the symbols used should be clearly indicated in the formula
you create to evaluate your answers. Your answers should be checked for accuracy by for example,
calculating the original data from your answers to see that it is the same. You should show clearly
all the principles involved in the solution and state who they are attributed to. You should make
correct use of units and multiples.

TO OBTAIN A MERIT

You should do all parts with only minor errors. You should not require more than basic assistance
to complete the assignment. You should draw clear diagrams illustrating the principles used to
arrive at your solutions. You should make correct use of units and multiples.

TO OBTAIN A PASS

You should demonstrate that you understand the principles involved to solve the answers. You will
probably have asked for help in drawing a free body diagram and in resolving the forces
appropriately. You should demonstrate that your calculations are accurate and use the correct units
and multiples.





SOLUTION

Mg = 24.525 kN

Fv1 = F cos = 1.732 kN Fh1 = F sin = 1 kN

Forces acting on pin are the vector sum and this may be found from Pythagoras as:

Fp = 26.276 kN

Shear Stress (Double shear) = Fpin/A = 26276 2( x 0.025
2
/4) = 26.765 MPa

Safety Factor = 50/26.765 = 1.868

Distributed weight of girder = wL = 500 N
Take Moments about the bottom Left Corner

( ) ( ) ( )
N 39886
2 x sin30
1.5 x 24525 1 x 500 1.5 x 1732
T =
+ +
=
Direct Stress = T/A = 39886 ( x 0.02
2
/4) = 126.96 MPa
Safety Factor = 200/126.96 = 1.575

Balance horizontal forces
Th = Tcos30 = 34.542 kN (to left)
Tv = T sin30 = 19.943 kN (up)

Fh2 = 34.542 + 1.0 = 35.542 kN

Balance vertical forces

Fv2 = 0.5 + 24.525 + 1.732 - 19.943 = 6.814 kN (up)

= stress/E = 126.96 x 10
6
/205 x 10
9
= 619.3 x10
-6
or 619.3

Change in length = L
rod

Calculate L
rod
. L
rod
= 2/cos = 2.309 m

Change in length = 619.3 x 10
-6
x 2309 = 1.43 mm