LEADERSHIP

DEFINITION

Leadership is stated as the process of social influence in which one
person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment
of a common task In simple words leadership is the art of getting
others to want to do something you are convinced and should be done.

Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction ) to
collective effort and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve
purpose.( Jacobs & Jacques)


Leadership is the art of getting others to want to do something you are
convinced should be done.

A road, a way, the path of a ship at sea - a sense of direction.


Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things




Management

A hand, handling a sword, a ship, a horse.

Managers focus attention & energy on
How things get done
Their role in events that occur or in a decision-making process
Leaders more concerned with
Ideas
Relating to others in more intuitive, empathetic ways
What events and decisions mean to people


Leadership

A way of behaving, interpersonal ability to cause others to respond
A set of actions that influences members of a group toward goal
setting and goal attainment (Bailey)
The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing
its goals (Wren)
The art of getting work done through others willingly
Directing and coordinating the work of group members (Fiedler)


PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP

These are eleven principles of leadership by U.S. Army, 1983
Know yourself and seek self-improvement
Be technically proficient
Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions
Make sound and timely decisions
Set the example
Know your people and look out for their well-bein
Keep your workers informed
Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers
Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished -
Communication is the key to this responsibility.
Train as a team
Use the full capabilities of your organization

Attributes of good leader

BE a professional
BE a professional who possess good character traits
KNOW the four factors of leadership follower, leader,
communication, situation.
KNOW yourself
KNOW human nature
KNOW your job
KNOW your organization
DO provide direction.
DO implement
DO motivate

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP

1. Formal leadership- It is based on occupying a position in an
organization, called assigned leadership.

2. Informal leadership - It occurs when an individual demonstrates
leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a
member of a group, rather than as the head or leader of the group.
The informal leader can be considered to emerge as a leader when
accepted by others and perceived to have influence.

3. Lewins leadership Style

I. Autocratic
Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else
High degree of dependency on the leader
Can create de-motivation and alienation of staff
May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need
to be made quickly and decisively.
Tells employees/students what they want done and how to do it
(without getting the advice from others).
Works well if you dont have much time to accomplish goals or if
employees are well motivated.
Generally, this style is not a good way to get the best
performance from a tea

II Democratic

Participative style
The leader involves one or more employees/students in the
decision making process (to determine what to do and how to do
it).
Leader maintains the final decision making authority.
Allows everyone to be part of a teameveryone feels that they
have participated and contributed.
Encourages participation, delegates wisely, values group
discussion.
Motivates by empowering members to direct themselves and
guides.
Negativeeverything is a matter of group discussion and
decisiondoesnt really lead.
Consultative: process of consultation before decisions are taken
Persuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade others
that the decision is correct.

III Delegative

Free Reign (lais ser faire)
Leader allows employees/students to make the decisions.
Leader is still responsible for the decisions.
Employees/students analyze the situation and determine what
needs to be done and how to do it. Leader sets priorities and
delegates.
Leader has little control. Team has little direction or motivation.

4. Likerts Leadership Styles -Rensis Likert identified four main styles
of leadership, in particular around decision-making and the degree to
which people are involved in the decision.

I. Exploitive authoritative

The leader has a low concern for people .Uses methods such as threats
and other fear-based methods to achieve conformance.
Communication is almost entirely downwards and the psychologically
distant concerns of people are ignored

II. Benevolent authoritative

Leader adds concern for people to an authoritative position, a
'benevolent dictatorship' is formed.
The leader uses rewards to encourage appropriate performance and
listens more to concerns lower down the organization
Although what they hear is often rose-tinted, being limited to what
their subordinates think that the boss wants to hear. Although there
may be some delegation of decisions, almost all major decisions are
still made centrally
III. Consultative

The upward flow of information here is still cautious and rose-tinted
to some degree, although the leader is making genuine efforts to
listen carefully to ideas. Nevertheless, major decisions are still
largely centrally made.

IV. Participative

At this level, the leader makes maximum use of participative methods,
engaging people lower down the organization in decision-making.
People across the organization are psychologically closer together and
work well together at all levels .

LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES

Directing-It is the the process by which actual performance of
staff and people is guided towards common goal.

Supervising- It includes inspecting another work , evaluating
his / her performance approving or correcting performance.
Coordinating- It includes all the activities that enable work
group members to work together harmoniously.

LEADERSHIP SKILLS

Skills of personal behavior

Is sensitive to feelings of group.
Identifies self with the needs of the group
Considers others suggestions
Helps other feel important and needed
Does not argue


Skills of communication

Listens attentively
Make sure that policies are made clear to all
Maintains good interpersonal relations and open communication in the
group.

Skills of organization the effective leader helps the group to:

Develop long and short range objectives
Share opportunities and responsibilities
Plan, act, follow up and evaluate


Skills of self examination

Is aware of personal motivations
Is aware of the group members
Helps the group to be aware of their attitudes and values

QUALITIES NEEDED BY LEADERS

Curiously , Empathetic
Interest in others
Decisiveness
Vision, Risk taking
Personal responsibility, presence/ magnetism
Optimism , consistency
Confidence , selflessness
Good communicator


BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERSTICS OF A LEADER

Consideration Showing of support for subordinates.

Praise / recognition- Providing praise and showing appreciation for
subordinates contribution.


Decision participation Consulting with followers in the process of
decision making.

Delegation- Granting authority and responsibility to subordinates to
accomplish the organization.


Role clarification- Specifying duties and responsibilities for followers
to avoid confusion and ambi roles.

Information dissemination- Providing information to workers about
their task, the organizations and its members.


Problem solving- Proposing solution to ask related problem.

Work facilitation- Obtaining and disseminating the necessary
resources for organizational members.


Representation- Developing, contacts with organizations, external
audience, or those within an organization in order to promote the
interests of the unit or the organization.

Interaction facilitation- Fostering opportunities for organizational
members to communicate with communities with accomplish work and
develop collegial social relationships.


Conflict management- Working with organizational members to
constructing deal with intergroup conflict, wheater related to task
completion or social relationship.


Criticism / discipline Providing constructive criticism or discipline
related to ones poor performance, organizational polices etc.

QUALITIES OF A NURSE LEADER



































QUALITIES
OF A NURSE
LEADER
Intellectual
skills

Administrative
abilities like
coordinating,
organizing and
managing
Enthusiasm

Quality of building
human relations

Teaching abilities like
ability to communicate
etc
Personal qualities
like integrity
honesty , ability to
attract ,motivate etc.
Self awareness
Technical qualities like
mastery over subject,
expertise to work

Emotional
stability

Evaluation of
performance
Initiative qualities
like willining to help
and assist , self
confidence.
Good communicator

TECHNIQUES

Planning and organizing the work schedule according to the availability
of resources
Assigning work to subordinates should be defined with clear cut
objectives
Proper teaching and guidance to subordinates
Good communication
Democratic supervision
Evaluation of performance

What is the leaders role?

The most critical aspect of leadership is the desire and passion to lead, the
capacity to deeply reflect on and learn from leadership activities, a
willingness to step out of ones comfort zone, and the ability to build and use
RELATIONSHIPS for some constructive good.-Mikes Maxim