Police and Policing

Managing Expectations
Content Acknowledgements:
Criminal Justice Today, 9E by Frank Schmalleger
(Prentice Hall)
The purposes of policing in
democratic societies is to

Enforce and support the laws
Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders
Prevent crime
Ensure domestic peace and tranquility
Provide the community with enforcement
related services
Enforcing the Law
Only about 10-20% of all calls to the police
require a law enforcement response.
Police cannot enforce all of the laws.
Resources are limited.
Law enforcement priorities are significantly
affected by community needs.
Individual discretion also impacts them.
Police are expected to support the laws they
enforce.

Crime Prevention
Crime prevention is proactive. It aims to:
Reduce crime and criminal opportunities
Lower the rewards of crime
Lessen the fear of crime
Law enforcement has ability to prevent
crimes, relies in part on their ability to
predict crime.
Determining when and where crimes will occur
Allocating resources accordingly
Crime mapping, as with CompStat, helps

Preserving Peace
Law enforcement do a number of activities to
help ensure peace and tranquility.
Examples: Supervising processions, blockades
and public demonstrations
Officers may focus on quality-of-life offences,
acts that create physical disorder or reflect social
decay or that could lead to further deterioration
(broken windows theory Wilson and, Kelling).
Examples: Eve teasers, drunken brawls,
vandalism, excessive noise.

Broken Windows Theory
Oscar Newman (1972), Defensible Space -
presence of the police authority is just not
enough for a safe and crime-free city. People in
the community also need to lend a hand towards
crime prevention.
The theory that Newman proposed is that,
people will take care of and protect their own
spaces they feel they have an investment in,
arguing that an area will eventually be safer if the
people feel a sense of ownership and
responsibility towards the area.
Broken windows are still prevalent is because
communities simply do not seem to care for it.
Regardless of how many times the windows
have been repaired, the society still has to
invest some of their time to keep it safe. The
negligence of society towards any form of a
"broken window" signifies the a lack of
concern for the community.
Providing Services
Law enforcement provides the community
with enforcement-related services. Police
are just a phone call away.
Police handle emergency and non-
emergency calls, such as:
Barking dogs / Highway Potholes / disruption
of power / Lost and found items / Missing
Children / Minor accidents / Railway Enq /
Case of Madam X & Y
Operational Strategies
There are five core operational strategies,
each with unique features:
1. Preventive patrol
2. Routine incident response
3. Emergency response
4. Criminal investigation
5. Problem solving
Additionally, there is an ancillary operational
strategy: support services.

Managing Police Dept
Police management refers to the
administrative activities of controlling,
directing, and coordinating police personnel,
resources, and activities in order to:
Prevent crime
Apprehend criminals
Recover stolen property
Perform regulatory and helping services

Police Organization & Structure
Line Operations

Field activities or
supervisory
activities directly
related to day-to-
day police work

Staff Operations

Include support
roles, such as
administration

Policing Styles
History helps shape policing styles,
how agencies see their purpose, and
choose to fulfill it.
There are three basic policing styles:
1. Watchman
2. Legalistic
3. Service

Historical Eras in American Policing
What is the Picture in India?
There are three areas in India, which majority
of the Indian population have an opinion and,
suggestions to offer
Politics
Cricket
Policing
Not necessarily in the same order
Most maligned rightly so!!!?
Police Need for Reform
Police Act, 1851
Numerous attempts to bring in reforms failed
Empowering police to make it more efficient,
effective and, accountable intermittent
Half-hearted - Despite Supreme Court
monitoring
Press and, Public ruthless in criticism
Good Work do not make news!!!
Present State of Indian Policing
90% of the Force lower functionaries
Marked by low self esteem, low educational
qualification, relatively low in the pecking order
of the government, poor facilities, over worked,
low pay and, poor rewarding structure
24X7 Service by law
Suitable for watchman style of functioning only
Expectation is of Legalistic and, Service Style of
functioning
Historical Eras in American Policing
Cocktail Mix in India
Political, Reform, Community and Homeland
Security Era Achieving this in compressed
timeframe
First World legislations and, Third World
Policing Resources outcomes are not what
the society wants
Working with one hand tied (or both hands
tied)
Anecdotal Examples
Homestay / Moral Policing
Press vs Advocates
Aseem Trivedi / Palghar Victims
Cop in Punjab getting killed / Eve Teasing
Satyam Computers / CWG / 2G Scam
Traffic Enforcement / Largest # Road Deaths
Mining Scam
Udupi Rave Party
Sowjanya Murder Case
Anti Social Behaviour / Manipal

Contrast
President Obama confesses Sgt James
Crowley
Cash for honours scam Tony Blair
Anuj Bidve murder case Manchester Police

Rule of Law
Criminal Justice System Convictions are
extremely Poor
Evidence beyond reasonable doubt
Evidence by the Police Officer not admissible
No handcuffing
Long and winding trials witnesses have no
interest
Brute Force Investigations

Ills in Police
Too widely discussed to merit discussion
Any help is welcome to improve!!!
Do You Know?
Karnataka has the best and most widespread
Wide Area Network (WAN) for any Police in
India
Each and every office is connected and, e-mail
communication enabled
Every FIR and, arrested criminal is part of the
database of the Police IT an ERP solution
SAKALA time bound Citizen Services
Police - the rescuer
Police are the first looked up on entity in any natural or
man made disaster.
Police are the first responders in case of any disaster.
Police performs the first search and rescue operations.
Police maintain the communication and transportation
channels open.
Police maintain the relief camps and distribute relief,
ration and medicines to the victims.
Efforts have been adequately documented during the
Bhuj earthquake and the Orissa super cyclone.
Police is also a normal CITIZEN like
you.
Police personnel are from within the society.
They have been desired by the society to protect them.
They all live like you in your neighborhood.
They have families like you & they get meager salaries.
They have to perform all the duties of the family and
society.
They have odd working hours.
They are considered on duty for 24 hours and are
supposed to respond in all emergencies.
They stay awake, patrol the streets at night so that you
can sleep well.
Police- the eternal savior.
The only civil agency entrusted by society to
respond to arms is the police.
Police has been given this high risk job by the
society to maintain peace and tranquility in the
society.
Every year numerous police officers lay down
their life for the society and, this number is ever
more than that of the defence forces.
POLICE LAY DOWN THEIR LIVES FOR YOU in real
world scenarios
The Policing Dilemma
The police do not have a defined enemy.
The criminals are also Indian citizens.
The fight is against own country men.
Perform even when they or their families
themselves are victims.
Indian police have rules for handcuffing
whereas developed countries would handcuff
even on a traffic offense.
Western Range Police
Four Districts Dakshina Kannada, Udupi,
Uttara Kannada and, Chikmagalur
We are open to ideas
That is why we are here!
A Few facts regarding us


Most Happening Range!
Communal Incidents Sullia, Uppinangady,
Gangolli, Bhatkal / Manki and Aldur .
Naxal Activities
Underworld / Organized Criminal Gangs
Vital Installation Security (Kaiga and, other
power plants)
Environment / Industrial Issues
Coastal Security
203
286
281 282
45
68
87
79
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
DK Udupi UK Chikmagalur
Cr/lakhPop
Pol/lakhPop
30 31
34 34
36
253
305
331
345
373
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Police per lakh population
Police per lakh population
39
33 32
42 39
33
66
36 35 36
136
132
138
133
500
129
566
582
667
546
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Incidence of Crime (Crime per population)
Staff Sanctioned (ASI + HC + PCs inc, Women)
TAPMI and, WE
Policy and, legislation is in the realm of
Government
What we can do is to contribute to Scientific,
Strategic, Problem-oriented and, evidence
based policing
This can in turn help us to influence policy
making

Your Help is solicited
Human Resources Area implementing shift
system / capacity building / recruitment &
training / Attitude and, Change Mgmt
Strategic Planning
Operational Planning
Social Marketing, Media Mgmt and
Communications
Financial Planning
Use of IT and, Social Media
Thank You
write to me
pratapreddy@ksp.gov.in