Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1
Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
1
PETROMEJOR COMPANY
DRILLING FLUID PROPOSAL
El Jefe-01
Latin America Prepared by: Danny Castellanos Baroid Field Supervisor Signature: Date: 18/07/2014 Prepared by : Luis Duran Baroid Field Supervisor Signature: Date: 18/07/2014 Reviewed by: Operations Manager Signature: Date: 18/07/2014 Approved by: Drilling Engineer PetroMejor Signature: Date: 18/07/2014 Version No. 1 Version Date: 18/07/2014 PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
3 6. ................................................................................................................ Terms and Conditions 29 7. ........................................................................................... PROPOSED WINDOW DENSITY 30 ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................... 31 7.1. ......................................................................................................................... HYDRAULICS 31 7.2. .............................................. THREE DECISIONS FOR LOST CIRCULATION INCIDENTS 35 7.3. ..................................................................... LOST CIRCULATION PILLS FORMULATION 36 7.4. ............................................................................................... CAVINGS ANALYSIS CHART 37 7.5. ................................................................................................... PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION. 38 7.6. ........................................................................... STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES. 39
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
4 1. PROJECT ABSTRACT 1.1. Proposal briefing
Enclosed is our recommended procedure for Drilling Fluid Services in the referenced well. The information in this proposal includes well data, calculations and material requirement.
This proposal is based on our experience in similar wells in the area and information provided by PetroMejor.
Halliburton appreciates the opportunity to present this proposal for your consideration and we look forward to being of service to you. Our Services for your well will be coordinated through the Service Center listed below.
If you require any additional information or additional designs, please feel free to contact myself or our field representatives listed below.
Prepared and Submitted by: Danny Castellanos, Luis Duran Technical Professional
OPERATIONS MANAGER: Lenin Tigrera ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE: Daniel Barros TECHNICAL MANAGER: Christian Bajuk PHONE NUMBER: 593 - 23971700
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
5 1.2. WELLPROFILE
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
Description End MD (ft) CSG ID (in) CSG OD (in) Bit Size (in) CSG 13 3/8 5569 12.347 13.375 16 CSG 9 5/8 9307 8.681 9.625 12.25 7 Liner 11333 6.276 7.000 8.5
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
7
1.5. POTENTIAL WELL ISSUES
Note: hole cleaning and lost circulation cases ALLWAYS must be considered like a potential issue at any well section. In appendix below you will find detailed information about it.
Depth (ft)
Mud type
Exp. Density (ppg)
Exp. Fracture gradient
Potential issues
Baroid Solutions
0 / 5569
AQUAGEL CALCIUM NITRATE
8.6 / 10.7 Unknown Hole cleaning.
Bombear pldoras de alta viscosidad
Bit balling / Clay sticking / Gumbo
Running Casing Problems
Pldora con Tensioactivo
Aumentar dilucin
Incrementar densidad Pump high viscosity sweeps. Circulate to ensure hole cleaning.
Pump sweep with high concentration of AKTAFLO- S. Increase surfactant concentration in active mud system.
Follow recommendations of AFO Monitoring Services related to running casing speed, circulation stations, higher pressure or tight hole.
5569 / 9307
CLAYSEAL 9.6 / 11.8 Unkown Seepage losses/ Severe lost circulation cases
Hole cleaning
Hole instability
Increase bridging material concentration LCM W/(20- 100 PPB). Add directly to the active system LCM material while drilling this zone.
Pump high density sweeps to improve hole cleaning. Circulate periodically to optimize annulus cleaning.
Increase mud density in active system as required. PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
8 Running Casing Problems
STEEL SEAL, BAROTROL additions.
Follow recommendations of AFO Monitoring Services related to running casing speed, circulation stations, higher pressure or tight hole. 9307 /11333 CLAYSEAL 9.6 / 10.0 Unknown
Seepage losses/ Severe lost circulation cases
Hole instability
Hole cleaning
Oil/gas influx
Running liner Problems
Increase concentration of bridging material LCM W/(20-100 PPB).
Increase sealant material concentration: STEEL SEAL. Increase mud density in active system as required
Circulate periodically in order to ensure hole cleaning. Pump high density sweeps to improve annulus cleaning.
Increase mud density in active system as required.
Follow recommendations of AFO Monitoring Services related to running casing speed, circulation stations, higher pressure or tight hole.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
9
1.6. FLUID PROGRAM
1.7. PROJECT SUPPORT TEAM
Hole diameter Fluid Type Density (ppg) Flow Rate (gpm) BHT, o F 16 AQUAGEL 8.4 10.5 850 120 12 CLAYSEAL 9.6 11.5 700 200 8 CLAYSEAL 9.6 10.3 550 220 Title Name Cell Number Office Number Email address Technical Professional Danny Castellanos +593994371732 3971700 Ext 2670 danny.castellanos@halliburton.com Operations Leader Lenin Tigrera +593997745511 3971700 Ext 3344 lenin.tigrera@halliburton.com Lead Field Rep. Ali Sotillo +584163184965 3971700 Ext 3342 ali.sotillo@halliburton.com Lead Field Rep. Reinaldo Gomez +584249625690 3971700 Ext 3342 reinaldo.gomez@halliburton.com Field Rep. Hector Salazar +584162869530 3971700 Ext 3342 hector.salazar@halliburton.com Field Rep. Lenin Solorzano +593995364644 3971700 Ext 3342 lenin.solorzano@halliburton.com Lab Technician Rodolfo Ponce +5731254482899 3971700 Ext 2911 rodolfomanuel.ponce@halliburton.com Service Coordinator - Coca Diego Baldeon +593999045658 3971700 Ext 1652 diego.baldeon@halliburton.com Business Development Daniel Barros +593994015849 3971700 Ext 2665 daniel.barros@halliburton.com Technical Manager Christian Bajuk +593998272178 3971700 Ext 2653 christian.bajuk@halliburton.com Country Manager Hector Cruz +593999909512 3971700 Ext 2651 hector.cruz@halliburton.com PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
10 2. FLUID PROPERTIES
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
Maintain a good hole cleaning during all sections. No stuck pipe incidents. No drilling or completion fluids spills that can cause environment damage. To provide a fluid that minimize interactions between fluid and formations reducing problems such as bit balling, hole instability, high torque, drag, washouts, etc. To maintain enough stock of chemicals including contingence materials for covering any eventuality during drilling. To guaranties adequate conditions in order to perform cement jobs. No lost time incidents related with drilling or completion fluids. To promote HSE policies, especially PPE use. To assure good communication in order to coordinate logistic. To work as a team with solid control equipment, environmental management and with all companies involved in the operation
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
11 16 SECTION Surface 5569 ft (MD). AQUAGEL CALCIUM NITRATE MUD Properties Units Min Max Properties Units Min Max Density Ppg 8.6 10.7 3 / 6 rpm 6 / 8 14 / 19 Funnel Viscosity sec/qt 31 46 MBT ppb eq. N/C Plastic Viscosity cP 8 12 pH 8.4 9.0 Yield Point lbf/100_ft 2 14 20 API Filtrate mL/30min N/C
12 SECTION 5569 ft - 9307 ft (MD) EZ MUD DP CLAYSEAL Properties Units Min Max Properties Units Min Max Density Ppg 9.6 11.8 3 / 6 rpm 6 / 7 17 / 19 Funnel Viscosity sec/qt 40 70 MBT ppb eq. 7.5 < 25.0 Plastic Viscosity cP 13 29 pH 8.5 9.1 Yield Point lbf/100_ft 2 18 33 API Filtrate mL/30min < 8.0 < 5.5
8 SECTION 9307 ft 11333 ft (MD) EZ MUD DP CLAYSEAL Properties Units Min Max Properties Units Min Max Density Ppg 9.6 10.0 3 / 6 rpm 5 / 7 11 / 13 Funnel Viscosity sec/qt 46 51 MBT ppb eq. 2.0 < 7.5 Plastic Viscosity Cp 14 19 pH 8.5 9.4 Yield Point Lbf/100_ft 2 19 30 API Filtrate mL/30min < 6.0 < 5.0
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
13
2.2. Estimated volumes
5,569 5,569 9,307 9,307 11,333 5683 Ft 13 3/8 3738 Ft 9 5/8 5569 Ft 16 Pulg 3738 Ft 12 1/4 Pulg 2026 Ft 8 1/2 Pulg 500 500 500 842 12 1/3 ID 681 8.68 1385 16 Pulg 545 12 1/4 Pulg 142 8 1/2 Pulg 2134 8 1/2 Pulg. 2260 12 1/4 Pulg. 2134 Required volume, bbl 2999 9 5/8 CLAYSEAL Fluid system CLAYSEAL 13 3/8 LINER 7 2999 2260 810 Previous casing length, ft Open hole length, ft Previous casing volume, bbl Interval 8 1/2 Interval 12 1/4 Surface volume, bbl Total Volume, bbl: Previous section volume, bbl Interval 16 Dilution volume, bbl Open hole volume, bbl 1114 374 16 Pulg. AQUAGEL - CALCIUM NITRATE Hole size Casing diameter Depth El Jefe 01 PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
14 3. 16 SECTION INTERVAL DISCUSSION
For the previous problems presented drilling on Sankofa PM-117 field this proposal include like solution the implementation of the AQUAGEL Calcium Nittrate Fluid System to drill this interval.
The exelent response of the AQUAGEL Calcium Nittrate Fluid System reducing hidratation rate of the high reative clays offer a exelent solution for running casing issues and foaming Gumbo.
For the firsts feet and previous the second BHA change, approximately to 500 ft depth or until be sure no more fluid losses are showed, a short circuit system with AQUAGEL pre-hydrated.
For previous well experience, pills of 20 bls with 20 ppb to 40 ppb of LCM can be pumped every single drilled from conductor to first BHA change in case of evidence of lost circulation. Like contingency can be prepared 160 bls of LCM with 60 ppb to 80 ppb of concentration ready to be pumped in case of severe loss of circulation.
AQUAGEL concentration will be diluted in order to reach programmed properties. AKTAFLO and SAPP to avoid plugging of lines when Gumbo Clay is drilled will be added to the system.
Once directional BHA run in hole the AQUAGEL system will be changed for the AQUAGEL CALCIUM NITRATE Drilling Fluid System to be used all the section long.
AQUAGEL (Bentonite) in a 10 15 ppb concentration will be mixed in reserve tanks in order to use it as viscous pills, once directional BHA is working sweeping pills will be pumped every three stands. CALCIUM NITRATE concentration will be diluted in order to reach programmed properties.
AQUAGEL CALCIUM NITRATE Drilling Fluid System helps to keep good rheological properties, to get an adequate filter cake to stabilize wellbore and to minimize superficial loss circulation problems.
After 500 ft or until be sure no more fluid losses are showed, AQUAGEL CALCIUM NITRATE Drilling Fluid System is characterized for initial low rheological values (YP: 3 - 5 [lb/100 ft 2 ]), this minimizes flow line plugging and bit balling problems and allows to reach good ROP.
Appropriate hole cleaning will be reached using a minimum recommended flow rate of 850 950 gpm and using sweep pills (can be weighted and prepared with BAROLIFT) according to hole cleaning simulation provided for DFG Plus Software.
AKTAFLO will be added constantly in order to minimize bit balling issues. AKTAFLO is a no-ionic surfactant that reduces interfacial tension between water, solids and clay, in this way Gumbo problem will be minimized. Dispersants like SAPP could be added for maintaining low rheological values and minimize flow line plugging.
It is important to clean flow line and possum belly during drilling time and during each connection, this minimizes flow line plugging and clay accumulation. Add dispersants like CARBONOX to keep low rheological values in the system 0.2 ppg, pump disperse pills with SAPP (2 4 ppb), to help to clean the system.
Before running 13 3/8 casing it is recommended to increase the mud weight to compensate the ECD and to spot a higher lubricity and viscous pill with bridging material to cover Orteguaza Formation at bottom.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
15
3.1. Primary Products
3.2. Potential Problems
Lost Circulation: Total lost circulation problems at the beginning of the section can be reduced through a pill containing: 15 ppb AQUAGEL, 15 ppb WALL NUT, 15 ppb KWIK SEAL, 60 ppb CaCO3 40-100/200. This pill has to be pumped and left on bottom hole about 3 hours. Once drill string is on bottom hole again, drilling should be begun with controlled parameters until to go deeper and to check if fracture has been sealed. Products and concentrations can be changed depending on circumstances, refer to 7.2 LOST CIRCULATION PILLS FORMULATION section.
Bit Balling: It is important to prevent this problem with HSI optimization and adequate hydraulic. In the case of bit balling it should be treated using dispersed pill as following: 50% mud, 50% water, 10 ppb SAPP, 3-5% volume of AKTAFLO, 15 ppb WALL NUT, trying to increase pill effectiveness, once the pill achieves bottom increase RPM of the string and flow rate during the time pill pass through the bit. Recommended volume is about 30 bbl. AKTAFLO - S concentration is determinate from accretion test performed with several formations.
Hole Cleaning: Hole cleaning must be optimized pumping sweep pills every two stands or according DFG simulation.
Product Function Description AKTAFLO-S Surfactant Alquil fenol oxietilenado AQUAGEL Viscosifier Montmorillonita sdic modified BARAZAN D PLUS Viscosifier Biopolmer Xnthic BAROID Densifier Agent Barium Sulfate CARBONOX Dispersant Leonardite CAUSTIC SODA Alkalinity source Sodium Hidroxide BARO-TROL PLUS Shale Estabilizer Sulfonated Asfalt Clayseal Plus Shale Inhibitor Exfoliated Poliamine X-TEND II Extendedor de bentonita Copolmero de poliacrilato/poliacrilamida PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
16 3.3. Fluid maintenance and comments
Bentonite must be premixed in fresh water in order to improve its efficiency, if necessary add ash soda to mix water to precipitate hardness excess and thus optimize gel performance.
pH values must be maintained between 9.0 9.5 through Caustic soda or lime additions as required.
Maintain an adequate SCE performance in order to prevent excessive dilution rates.
Fluid Density must be as low as possible according to well behavior. In case a mud weight increase is needed, it will be agreed with the customer representative; on location will have enough contingency material available.
Prior to run Surface casing, it is recommended to circulate until ensuring hole cleaning and if needed, pump high viscosity sweep in order to optimize annulus cleaning.
3.4. Mud quality control
During normal drilling operations one complete mud check should be run every 8 hours with a lagged sample tested. This is a total of four complete checks made over a 24-hour period. Timing for mud checks and cost cut-off should be worked out with the drilling foreman. Unusual circumstances and/or non-circulating periods should dictate deviations from this schedule.
All rheological properties (i.e. 6-speed readings and gel strengths, including 30-minute gels) should be taken at -speed readings from latest mud check on daily report.
3.5. SCE Requirements
Multiple, linear motion shale shakers are recommended in order to maximize the system solids removal efficiency. Run all available solids control equipment to prevent solids build-up.
All shale shakers should be "screened up" with finer mesh screens whenever possible without the loss of drilling fluid off the end of the shakers.
The shale shakers should be continuously monitored for the proper distribution of drilling fluid across the screens to fully utilize the entire surface area of the screens. The drilling fluid should cover 2/3 to 3/4 of the length of the screens. Damaged screens should be promptly changed.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
17 If near size particle blinding occurs, an attempt should be made to "screen-up to alleviate this problem. If "screening-up" does not solve this situation, then coarser mesh screens must be installed until past this formation.
Mud Conditioner or Mud Cleaner It is recommended to use a mud cleaner to accomplish the maximum removal of drill solids. The screen should be as fine as possible while utilizing the mud cleaner for this purpose. This will maximize the drill solids removal efficiency while maintaining drilling fluid properties within the prescribed parameters.
3.6. Recommendations
Flow rate for 16 section about 900 - 1000 gpm First 500 ft drilled or until have no more fluid losses to drill with controlled parameters < 500 gpm, to minimize superficial fractures. After finish to drill every stand reciprocate the pipe cleaning the hole for at least 12 minutes to ensure the hole cleaning specially having lower flow rates. Ensure good jet cellar operation. After each drilled stand, ream it twice using maximum flow rate and RPM in order to smooth drilled hole Pump viscous, heavy or sweeping pills with BAROLIFT according DFG Software simulations. Before wiper trip it is necessary to circulate viscous or sweeping pills with BAROLIFT during the recommended period of time according to DFG Software or until shakers are clean. Spot a heavy and viscous pill before casing run. Use screens with mesh as fine as possible. Before running casing increase mud weight to ECD. It is important that all mud engineers, rig personnel, mud logging people and supervisor check pits level and flow rate in case an influx or lost present.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
18 4. 12 SECTION INTERVAL DISCUSSION
Halliburton Baroid recommends using CLAYSEAL system that it is design with the necessary requirements to drill this section.
In addition to the problems related to shale is recommended for this interval, EZ-MUD DP borehole stabilizing dry synthetic polymer contains high molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide/polyacrylate (PHPA) copolymer
The use of EZ-MUD DP dry polymer assists and promotes the following: Stabilize reactive clay and shale formations Keep trench excavation open during the construction Produce high viscosity solids-free slurry Enhance rheological properties of a low-solids drilling mud Enhance core recovery in continous wireline coring operations Flocculate non-reactive solids in reserve pit at low concentrations Reduce torque and drag.
In addition like advantages with the use of EZ-MUD DP are: Can disperse easily with minimal shear Efficient shale/clay stabilizer and viscosifier Helps impart high degree of lubricity Compatible with other drilling fluid additives when added in proper sequence Non-fermenting No petroleum distillates involved Breaks down chemically with bleach (sodium hypochlorite) NSF/ANSI Standard 60 Certified
Using CLAYSEAL allows to capsulate and to inhibit clay and shale which minimizes dilution, material use and tight hole and reaming problems during trips. This system provides wellbore stability, inhibition for drilled shale and good conditions during trips and casing runs.
Basically CLAYSEAL is a non dispersed system that combines capsulation and inhibition properties of EZ MUD DP with stabilization and inhibition provided for CLAYSEAL. EZ MUD DP is highly effective stopping clay minerals dispersion, hydration and swelling in this way it provides excellent shale stability. EZ MUD DP combats superficial swelling of drilled clays directly.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
19 CLAYSEAL system has all the advantages of a system with low solids content. Drilled solids keep their integrity due to capsulation and they are easily removed through primary solids control equipment. This low solids content system provides higher ROP and minimizes mechanical parts wear.
It is necessary to add constantly EZ MUD DP and CLAYSEAL as shale inhibitor in order to maintain good inhibition and encapsulation properties. At the beginning of the section EZ MUD DP concentration should not exceed 0.2 ppb in order to avoid mud losses through shakers then concentration must be increased to programmed concentration. This product will be used before Napo formation, in order to control Tiyuyacu and Tena plastics and reactive clays.
Initial CLAYSEAL concentration will be recommended concentration and it will be maintained while drilling.
BAROTROL, BAROFIBRE & STEEL SEAL were included in the mud formulation to provide sealing capacity to the system to help in hole stability. The hole stability problems observed in the drilling of shale show the importance of maintaining enough quantity of sealing agents which along with the mud density will provide hole stability by sealing shale micro-fractures. Additionally use Sized Calcium Carbonate (40-100, 200) as complement of BAROTROL, BAROFIBRE & STEEL SEAL. Calcium Carbonate particles will bridge in shale micro fractures or sandstone porous helping in Wellbore stability, reducing fluid loss and creating an good quality filter cake that minimize stuck pipe possibilities.
These additions also will help in minimizing differential sticking possibilities in addition with BAROLUBE G.S. additions, while helping in hole stability.
Before running 9 5/8 casing it is recommended to increase the mud weight to compensate the ECD and to spot 60 bls of a higher lubricity and viscous pill with bridging material to cover the bottom.
Sweeps Program
Pump Viscous and/or Heavy Pills with mud from the active system with minimum 40 bbl and monitoring cuttings return. BAROLIFT can be used as a complement in these pills. DFG Hole Cleaning Simulations will be run daily to determine pills schedule, evaluate any change in mud properties or drilling parameters.
It is very important to monitor constantly shape, size and quantity of cavings in conjunction with Mud Logging. Right interpretation of these parameters could help us to take decisions about mud weight, sealing and bridging agents concentrations.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
20
4.1. Primary Products
Producto Funcin Descripcin AKTAFLO-S Surfactant Alquil fenol oxietilenated BARAZAN D PLUS Viscosificifier Xanthic Biopolmer ALDACEDE G Biocide Glutaraldehide Barofibre Fine LCM Additive Celuloce fibre BARO-LUBE GOLD SEAL Liquid lubricant Mixture of lubricants and surfactants BAROID Densifier Agent Barium Sulfate CALCIUM CARBONATE Densifier Agent Calcium Carbonate CAUSTIC SODA Alkalinity source Sodium Hidroxide BARO-TROL PLUS Shale Estabilizer Sulfonated Asfalt CLAYSEAL PLUS Shale Inhibitor Exfoliated Poliamine FILTER-CHEK Filtration Control Agent Modified starch PAC L Filtration Control Agent Polianionic Celulose PAC R Filtration Control Agent / Viscosifier Polianionic Celulose
4.2. Potential Problems Lost circulation: It is necessary to use bridging material as CaCO 3 and to pump plugging pills if it is necessary, refer to 7.2 LOST CIRCULATION section. Hole instability: this problem is reduced using an adequate density program and sealing agents as STEEL SEAL as required. Stuck pipe: this problem could be reduced using bridging, sealing and lubricants agents. Inhibition: CLAYSEAL PLUS addition will provide enough inhibition for reactive clays and shale. EZ MUD DP (PHPA) and CLAYSEAL PLUS concentration was optimized by Linear Swell Meter Test. PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
21 Tight hole: this issue is solved using an adequate mud density, besides to improve filtration rate control adding at the same time sealing and bridging materials for this formation. Formation damage: this mud system provides a unique environment which has been designed to protect reservoir. Used products have been proved as reservoir friendly. Hole Cleaning: It is important to monitor returns and to run DFG simulation in order to optimize sweep pills frequency.
4.3. Fluid maintenance and comments
If cutting sticking on shakers is observed Clayseal Plus concentrations will be increased.
If hole cleaning needs to be optimized, by increasing low rpm readings and Tau zero, small amounts of Barazan D Plus should be added to the active system.
In case of formation instability symptoms are detected, add Barotrol Plus directly into active system in order to seal micro fractures.
Optimize SCE performance in order to keep LGS concentration and fluid properties according mud program during the interval.
At the beginning of section it is recommended to use on shale shakers 84 mesh screens since drilling fluid is cold and may have a high and unusual viscosity, once mud temperature increase, programmed shaker screens will be placed to minimize solid incorporation.
It will be used DFG drill ahead softwareand AFO Monitoring recomendations to monitor hole cleaning and predicting rheology and density profiles in function of bottom hole temperature.
If formation instability is detected while drilling this interval, it is recommended to add sealant material (Barotrol Plus). Minimum concentration to be used will be 2 ppb of asphalt and sized calcium carbonate, if these concentrations need to be increased it will be decided depending on hole conditions in agreement with costumer representative.
Fluid displacement
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
22 Activities to be performed prior to fluid displacement:
1) A complete equipment cleaning (pits, shakers, SCE, flow line, trip tank, suction lines and mixing devices) must be performed.
2) Perform a safety meeting prior to mud discharge/preparation. Assign roles.
3) Build Clauseal fluid system according to mud program.
4) Build spacers I, II and III.
Procedures during fluid displacement:
1) RIH until to the top of cement. Pump spacers I,II and III.
2) Perform suction pit change and starting pumping Clayseal system, rotate drill string while displacement is performed, keeping pump rate constant. Suction pit level will be maintained constant transferring in first place OBM from auxiliary pits. Fluid displaced will be transferred to storage tanks, when diesel returns will be transferred by ditch to slug pit.
3) In case of having a mud logging unit, this will control together with driller total pump strokes, informing to mud engineer and derrick man in order to be prepared to Clayseal mud returns.
4) Once Clayseal fluid returns to surface will be enabled all mud active circuit until normalize in/out mud weight.
4.4. SCE Requirements Multiple, linear motion shale shakers are recommended in order to maximize the system solids removal efficiency. Run all available solids control equipment to prevent solids build-up.
All shale shakers should be "screened up" with finer mesh screens whenever possible without the loss of drilling fluid off the end of the shakers.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
23 The shale shakers should be continuously monitored for the proper distribution of drilling fluid across the screens to fully utilize the entire surface area of the screens. The drilling fluid should cover 2/3 to 3/4 of the length of the screens. Damaged screens should be promptly changed.
If near size particle blinding occurs, an attempt should be made to "screen-up to alleviate this problem. If "screening-up" does not solve this situation, then coarser mesh screens must be installed until past this formation.
Mud Conditioner or Mud Cleaner It is recommended to use a mud cleaner to accomplish the maximum removal of drill solids. The screen should be as fine as possible while utilizing the mud cleaner for this purpose. This will maximize the drill solids removal efficiency while maintaining drilling fluid properties within the prescribed parameters.
Before tripping, running casing, etc. we recommend that the shaker screens be cleaned with a high- pressure water spray after circulation has stopped. This will greatly increase screen life and prevent dried drilling fluid and cuttings from blinding the screens when drilling resumes.
4.5. Recommendations
Minimum flow rate 850 [gpm]. After each drilled stand, ream twice using maximum flow rate and RPM in order to smoothen drilled hole. Pump viscous weighted sweep pills with BAROLIFT every 300 ft or according DFG Software simulations. Previous to trip it is necessary to circulate a weighted pill with BAROLIFT during recommend time according to DFG Software simulation. Perform wiper trips maximum every 30 drilling hours. After each trip in clays zone before reaching the bottom of the hole (30 ft previous bottom) pump an anti- bit balling pill in order to clean bit before drilling. This pill can be prepared using 15 ppb WALL NUT. Increase the mud weight to compensate the ECD. To spot a higher lubricity and heavy weighted pill reaching casing point and if extra loggings run is programmed.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
24 5. 8 SECTION INTERVAL DISCUSSION
For these section Clayseal will be used, it is design for reservoir zones due to its low solids content and friendly formation products characteristics. Furthermore its bridging design allows a minimum invasion.
Right Sizing CALCIUM CARBONATE with adequate hardness and good quantity will ensure minimum invasion and cake deposition on external well face.
The selective calcium carbonate micron size will be used to bridge the porous reservoir formation. It is important to maintain the concentration of a defined range of bridging solids; as a result, continuous additions will be made while drilling.
Filtrate value must be below 6 cc, other way to control filtrate value will be constant addition of Calcium Carbonate from different screen size (200 and 40-100). A Cleaning Sweeps program will be prepared previous beginning of this interval.
Clayseal rheology will guarantee hole cleaning and reduce washout occurrence. System helps to maintain low filtrate values, too.
Clayseal should be prepared as a new system, free of drilled solids. At the same time invasion volumes are reduced due to high rheological values that reduce filtrate flow tendency.
The DRIL-N system recommended to drill this interval is formulated with BARAZAN, FILTERCHECK, Calcium Carbonate, Caustic Soda, ALDACIDE-G is used as preservative. This mud system provides an environment which has been designed to improve reservoir protection. PAC could be added if mud conditions are required.
Additionally, filtration rate and seal quality are controlled through right CARBONATE distribution inside system (Carbonate particles are deteriorated on shakers and bit nozzles). It is recommendable to add Carbonates mesh 40-100 and 200 periodically (every hour) in order to have a great quality bridging.
CLAYSEAL PLUS is used to treat shale; it provides shale stabilization and inhibition. Before running 4 1/2 liner it is recommended to increase the mud weight to compensate the ECD and to spot 60 bls of a higher lubricity and viscous pill with bridging material to cover the bottom.
Sweeps Program
Pump tandem pills of heavy or sweeping pills with mud from the active system and monitoring cuttings return. DFG Hole Cleaning Simulations will be run daily to determine pills schedule, evaluate any change in mud properties or drilling parameters.
It is very important to monitor constantly shape, size and quantity of caving in conjunction with Mud Logging. Right interpretation of these parameters could help us to take decisions about mud weight and bridging agents concentrations.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
25 5.1. Primary Products
Producto Funcin Descripcin ALDACEDE G Biocide Glutaraldehide BARAZAN D PLUS Viscosificifier Xanthic Biopolmer Barofibre Fine LCM Additive Celuloce fibre CALCIUM CARBONATE Densifier Agent Calcium Carbonate CAUSTIC SODA Alkalinity source Sodium Hidroxide CLAYSEAL PLUS Shale Inhibitor Exfoliated Poliamine FILTER-CHEK Filtration Control Agent Modified starch PAC L Filtration Control Agent Polianionic Celulose PAC R Filtration Control Agent / Viscosifier Polianionic Celulose
5.2. Potential Problems
Lost circulation: It is necessary to use bridging material as CaCO 3 and to pump plugging pills if it is necessary. Hole instability: this problem is reduced using an adequate density program and sealing agents as STEEL SEAL as required. Stuck pipe: this problem could be reduced using bridging, sealing and lubricants agents. Inhibition: CLAYSEAL PLUS addition will provide enough inhibition for reactive clays and shale. EZ MUD DP (PHPA) and CLAYSEAL PLUS concentration was optimized by Linear Swell Meter Test. Tight hole: this issue is solved using an adequate mud density, besides to improve filtration rate control adding at the same time sealing and bridging materials for this formation. Formation damage: this mud system provides a unique environment which has been designed to protect reservoir. Used products have been proved as reservoir friendly. Hole cleaning: It is important to monitor returns and to run DFG simulation in order to optimize sweep pills frequency.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
26 5.3. Fluid maintenance and comments
If cutting sticking on shakers is observed Clayseal Plus concentrations will be increased.
If hole cleaning needs to be optimized, by increasing low rpm readings and Tau zero, small amounts of Barazan D Plus should be added to the active system.
In case of formation instability symptoms are detected, add Barotrol Plus directly into active system in order to seal micro fractures.
Optimize SCE performance in order to keep LGS concentration and fluid properties according mud program during the interval.
At the beginning of section it is recommended to use on shale shakers 84 mesh screens since drilling fluid is cold and may have a high and unusual viscosity, once mud temperature increase, programmed shaker screens will be placed to minimize solid incorporation.
It will be used DFG drill ahead softwareand AFO Monitoring recomendations to monitor hole cleaning and predicting rheology and density profiles in function of bottom hole temperature.
If formation instability is detected while drilling this interval, it is recommended to add sealant material (Barotrol Plus). Minimum concentration to be used will be 2 ppb of asphalt and sized calcium carbonate, if these concentrations need to be increased it will be decided depending on hole conditions in agreement with costumer representative.
Fluid displacement
Activities to be performed prior to fluid displacement:
1) A complete equipment cleaning (pits, shakers, SCE, flow line, trip tank, suction lines and mixing devices) must be performed.
2) Perform a safety meeting prior to mud discharge/preparation. Assign roles.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
27 3) Build Clauseal fluid system according to mud program.
4) Build spacers I, II and III.
Procedures during fluid displacement:
1) RIH until to the top of cement. Pump spacers I,II and III.
2) Perform suction pit change and starting pumping Clayseal system, rotate drill string while displacement is performed, keeping pump rate constant. Suction pit level will be maintained constant transferring in first place OBM from auxiliary pits. Fluid displaced will be transferred to storage tanks, when diesel returns will be transferred by ditch to slug pit.
3) In case of having a mud logging unit, this will control together with driller total pump strokes, informing to mud engineer and derrick man in order to be prepared to Clayseal mud returns.
4) Once Clayseal fluid returns to surface will be enabled all mud active circuit until normalize in/out mud weight.
5.4. SCE Requirements
Multiple, linear motion shale shakers are recommended in order to maximize the system solids removal efficiency. Run all available solids control equipment to prevent solids build-up.
All shale shakers should be "screened up" with finer mesh screens whenever possible without the loss of drilling fluid off the end of the shakers.
The shale shakers should be continuously monitored for the proper distribution of drilling fluid across the screens to fully utilize the entire surface area of the screens. The drilling fluid should cover 2/3 to 3/4 of the length of the screens. Damaged screens should be promptly changed.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
28 If near size particle blinding occurs, an attempt should be made to "screen-up to alleviate this problem. If "screening-up" does not solve this situation, then coarser mesh screens must be installed until past this formation.
Mud Conditioner or Mud Cleaner It is recommended to use a mud cleaner to accomplish the maximum removal of drill solids. The screen should be as fine as possible while utilizing the mud cleaner for this purpose. This will maximize the drill solids removal efficiency while maintaining drilling fluid properties within the prescribed parameters.
Before tripping, running casing, etc. we recommend that the shaker screens be cleaned with a high- pressure water spray after circulation has stopped. This will greatly increase screen life and prevent dried drilling fluid and cuttings from blinding the screens when drilling resumes.
5.5. Recommendations
Flow rate 550 [gpm]. After each drilled stand to ream twice using maximum flow rate and RPM in order to smoothen drilled hole. To pump weighted pills with Calcium Carbonate according DFG Software simulations, and hole conditions. Previous to trip it is necessary to circulate a weighted pill with BAROLIFT during recommend time according to DFG Software. Make wiper trips maximum every 30 hours of drilling. Perform cleaning stations even inside the casing according DFG simulations for cuttings beds accumulations if it is necessary.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
29 6. Terms and Conditions
The cost in this analysis is good for the materials and/or services outlined within. In order to meet your needs under this proposal with a high quality of service and responsive timing, Halliburton will be allocating limited resources and committing valuable equipment and materials to your area of operations. Accordingly, the discounts reflected in this proposal are available only for materials and services awarded on a first-call basis. Alternate pricing may apply in the event that Halliburton is awarded work on any basis other than as a first-call provider.
The unit prices stated in the proposal are based on our current published prices. The projected equipment, personnel, and material needs are only estimates based on information about the work presently available to us. At the time the work is actually performed, conditions then existing may require an increase or decrease in the equipment, personnel, and/or material needs. Charges will be based upon unit prices in effect at the time the work is performed and the amount of equipment, personnel, and/or material actually utilized in the work. Taxes, if any, are not included. Applicable taxes, if any, will be added to the actual invoice. It is understood and agreed between the parties that with the exception of the subject discounts, all services performed and equipment and materials sold are provided subject to Halliburtons General Terms and Conditions contained in our current price list, (which include LIMITATION OF LIABILITY and WARRANTY provisions), and pursuant to the applicable Halliburton Work Order Contract (whether or not executed by you), unless a Master Service and/or Sales Contract applicable to the services, equipment, or materials supplied exists between your company and Halliburton, in which case the negotiated Master Contract shall govern the relationship between the parties. A copy of the latest version of our General Terms and Conditions is available from your Halliburton representative or at:
For your convenient review, and we would appreciate receiving any questions you may have about them. Should your company be interested in negotiating a Master Contract with Halliburton, our Law Department would be pleased to work with you to finalize a mutually agreeable contract? In this connection, it is also understood and agreed that Customer will continue to execute Halliburton usual field work orders and/or tickets customarily required by Halliburton in connection with the furnishing of said services, equipment, and materials. Any terms and conditions contained in purchase orders or other documents issued by the customer shall be of no effect except to confirm the type and quantity of services, equipment, and materials to be supplied to the customer.
If customer does not have an approved open account with Halliburton or a mutually executed written contract with Halliburton, which dictates payment terms different than those set forth in this clause, all sums due are payable in cash at the time of performance of services or delivery of equipment, products, or materials. If customer has an approved open account, invoices are payable on the twentieth day after date of invoice. Customer agrees to pay interest on any unpaid balance from the date payable until paid at the highest lawful contract rate applicable, but never to exceed 18% per annum. In the event Halliburton employs an attorney for collection of any account, customer agrees to pay attorney fees of 20% of the unpaid account, plus all collection and court costs.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
31 ANNEXES 7.1. HYDRAULICS
HOLE CLEANING SIMULATION 16 SECTION
This section drilled with 850 gpm show cuttings loads with 3.51% along all the section like average. And cuttings loads for intervals over 5.11%. Baroid recommend having cuttings loads values lower than 3%. Under this circumstances is recommend: PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
32 Increase the flow rate over 1100 gpm while drilling. After every stand drilled to make two runs with the at lease the same rpm used drilling the stand and for a period of time no lower of 14 min. this will help to reduce the cuttings load along the annular section. To pump sweep pills by train with 30 bls before every tripping out or whe the cuttings loads on the annular space show ranges over 3.0% of cuttings accumulation and circulate the time recommended for the AFO Monitoring team.
HOLE CLEANING SIMULATION 12.25 SECTION
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Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
33
This section drilled with 700 gpm show cuttings loads with 2.076% along all the section like average. And cuttings loads for intervals lower 2.99%. Baroid recommend having cuttings loads values lower than 3%. Good hole cleaning parameters. Under this circumstances is recommended: To keep the flow rate over 700 gpm while drilling. To pump sweep pills by train with 30 bls before every tripping out and circulate the time recommended for the AFO Monitoring team.
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
34
This section drilled with 550 gpm show cuttings loads with 1.096% along all the section like average. And cuttings loads for intervals lower 1.14%. Baroid recommend having cuttings loads values lower than 3%. Good hole cleaning parameters. Under this circumstances is recommended: To keep the flow rate over 700 gpm while drilling. To pump sweep pills by train with 30 bls before every tripping out and circulate the time recommended for the AFO Monitoring team.
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
35 7.2. THREE DECISIONS FOR LOST CIRCULATION INCIDENTS
Severity % losses, (bbl/h) Formaciones tpicas A. Severe 60 90% (> 50 bbl/h) Fracts B. Parcial 10 60% (10 50 bbl/h) Sandstone, fracts, conglomerate C. Seepage < 10% (< 10 bbl/h) Sandstone, conglomerate, depleted zone
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Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
36
7.3. LOST CIRCULATION PILLS FORMULATION
AVAILABLES MATERIALS ON LOCATION FOR LOST CIRCUALTION FINE MEDIUM COARSE CaCO3-325 (110 lb/sx) CaCO3-200 (110 lb/sx) BARACARB 150 (110 lb/sx) BAROFIBRE-F (25 lb/sx) BAROFIBRE-C (40 lb/sx) BAROFIBRE-C / KWIK SEAL / WALLNUT (40 lb/sx) STEEL SEAL-50 (50 lb/sx) STEEL SEAL-100 (50 lb/sx) CaCO3-40/100 (110 lb/sx)
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
37
7.4. CAVINGS ANALYSIS CHART
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Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
38 7.5. PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION
According to formation requirements, the optimal Particle distribution recommended for this job are calculated with a D50 of 24.4 um for the interest zone.. This values are reached with a mixture of 40% of BARACARB 5, 40% of BARACARB 50 and 20% of STEEL SEAL 50
PetroMejor (PM).
Propietario: Global Operations Manager Documento #: TEM-GL-HAL-DF-102-L1 Aprobado por: Dennis Lynch Revisin: A Date: 26-Feb-14
39
7.6. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES. According to field requirements, and the most common issues observed Baroid has a Standard operating procedures, these are included and attached in the field proposal. Anhydrite/Gypsum Drilling Barite Plugs / Barite Sag Bit Balling Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cement, Drilling Depleted Sands/Differential Sticking DRIL-N Systems Filter Cake/Filtration Control Fluid Displacements Fractured Limestone, Drilling Gas Hydrates Hole Cleaning Hole Stability Horizontal Drilling High Temperature Wells Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Lost Circulation Mechanical Sticking Permafrost, Drilling Quality Assurance Safety Salt Drilling Shale Drilling Sliding Slim Hole Drilling Solids Control Stuck Pipe Torque and Drag