Electrical Technology

Hormaz Amrolia
Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University

July 13, 2014

Contents
1

Electrical machines
Principle of operation
Faraday's rst law of electromagnetic induction
Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction
Lenz's law
Construction of D.C. machine
Yoke
Pole core and pole shoe
Field coil
Armature core
Commutator, brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

2 / 10

Classication of machines
Electrical machines are classied on the basis of supply used

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

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Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Principle of operation

Faraday's rst law

It states that, whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic eld an
e.m.f is induced in it.
It indicates that some sort of energy is being converted to other form.

Faraday's second law

It states that, magnitude of e.m.f induced in the conductor is directly
propotional to the rate of change of ux.
i.e. e d
dt
Thus it gives the magnitude of the converted energy.

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

4 / 10

Lenz's law
It states that, the direction of e.m.f induced in the conductor is
opposite to the cause that has created it.
d
i.e. e d
dt or e = N dt
Thus, this law gives the direction of converted energy
Thus, all these three laws combined together governs the working of an
electric machine.

Lenz's law
It states that, the direction of e.m.f induced in the conductor is
opposite to the cause that has created it.
d
i.e. e d
dt or e = N dt
Thus, this law gives the direction of converted energy
Thus, all these three laws combined together governs the working of an
electric machine.

Lenz's law
It states that, the direction of e.m.f induced in the conductor is
opposite to the cause that has created it.
d
i.e. e d
dt or e = N dt
Thus, this law gives the direction of converted energy
Thus, all these three laws combined together governs the working of an
electric machine.

Lenz's law
It states that, the direction of e.m.f induced in the conductor is
opposite to the cause that has created it.
d
i.e. e d
dt or e = N dt
Thus, this law gives the direction of converted energy
Thus, all these three laws combined together governs the working of an
electric machine.

Lenz's law
It states that, the direction of e.m.f induced in the conductor is
opposite to the cause that has created it.
d
i.e. e d
dt or e = N dt
Thus, this law gives the direction of converted energy
Thus, all these three laws combined together governs the working of an
electric machine.

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Construction of D.C. machine

Parts of D.C. machine

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Yoke
Pole core and pole shoes
Field coils
Armature core
Armature windings
Commutator
Brushes and bearings

Hormaz Amrolia (Electrical engg. deptt., Nirma University)

Electrical Technology

July 13, 2014

6 / 10

Yoke
Provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a protecting
cover for the whole machine.
Provides ux path for the magnetic circuit.

Yoke
Provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a protecting
cover for the whole machine.
Provides ux path for the magnetic circuit.

Yoke
Provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a protecting
cover for the whole machine.
Provides ux path for the magnetic circuit.

Pole core and pole shoe

Supports the eld coils.
Provides low reluctance path for the magnetic ux.

Pole core and pole shoe

Supports the eld coils.
Provides low reluctance path for the magnetic ux.

Pole core and pole shoe

Supports the eld coils.
Provides low reluctance path for the magnetic ux.

Field Coil
Carries current which produces the ux

Armature core and armature winding

Provides mechanical support to armature coils.
Carries current from (generator) or to (motor) machine.

Field Coil
Carries current which produces the ux

Armature core and armature winding

Provides mechanical support to armature coils.
Carries current from (generator) or to (motor) machine.

Field Coil
Carries current which produces the ux

Armature core and armature winding

Provides mechanical support to armature coils.
Carries current from (generator) or to (motor) machine.

Field Coil
Carries current which produces the ux

Armature core and armature winding

Provides mechanical support to armature coils.
Carries current from (generator) or to (motor) machine.

Field Coil
Carries current which produces the ux

Armature core and armature winding

Provides mechanical support to armature coils.
Carries current from (generator) or to (motor) machine.

Commutator
Converts A.C.to D.C. and vice versa.

Brushes and bearings

Brushes collects current from (generator) or to (motor) d.c. machine.
Bearings provides mechanical support to armature and reduces friction.

Commutator
Converts A.C.to D.C. and vice versa.

Brushes and bearings

Brushes collects current from (generator) or to (motor) d.c. machine.
Bearings provides mechanical support to armature and reduces friction.

Commutator
Converts A.C.to D.C. and vice versa.

Brushes and bearings

Brushes collects current from (generator) or to (motor) d.c. machine.
Bearings provides mechanical support to armature and reduces friction.

Commutator
Converts A.C.to D.C. and vice versa.

Brushes and bearings

Brushes collects current from (generator) or to (motor) d.c. machine.
Bearings provides mechanical support to armature and reduces friction.

Commutator
Converts A.C.to D.C. and vice versa.

Brushes and bearings

Brushes collects current from (generator) or to (motor) d.c. machine.
Bearings provides mechanical support to armature and reduces friction.