NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KURUKSHETRA


ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ROLL NO: 3131601



EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF THE
ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH PROBLEM-GENETIC ALGORITHM
BASED APPROACH

ABSTRACT:
Economic load dispatch (ELD) is a sub problem of the optimal power flow (OPF) having the
objective of fuel cost minimization. ELD is an important function in power system planning
and operation. Economic load scheduling of different plants or units in the power system
helps achieve minimum fuel costs. In short, it aims to find an optimum allocation of the total
demand between various generating units in the system to keep minimum fuel costs,at the
same time meeting the demand plus losses. The primary objective of Economic dispatch is to
minimize the total cost of generation while honouring the operational constraints of the
available generations resource.
There are at present a large number of techniques available for the optimization process,the
most commonly used one being the Lambda Iteration Method. Many other methods such as
gradient method, Newtons method, linear and quadratic programming etc have also been
applied to the solution of ELD problems. Due to the inherent drawbacks of most of these
methods,and due to the advancement of computing technologies of the 21
st
century,modern
optimization techniques have evolved in the recent years,leading to better accurate results in
the solution of ELD problem.
Particle-swarm optimization, Biogeography based optimization,Hopfield Neural Network
approach,and Genetic algorithm based approach are some of the new solution methods that
have achieved popularity in the recent years. The Genetic algorithm based approach has been
discussed in this work,along with a brief introduction to the biogeography based
approach.Even though the genetic algorithm based approach was first invented in the
70s,practical applications of full force are only coming into being ,especially in the
developing countries.

The genetic algorithm is a search technique based on the principle of evolution.GAs use two
basic processes from evolution,namely inheritance (passing of features from one generation
to the next) and competition (survival of the fittest)The goal of GA is evolution through
alternation in generations towards better and better regions of the search space. Genetic
algorithms have been proved to be effective and quite robust in solving the optimization
problems The success of the genetic algorithm strongly depends on the problem mapping
process,ie,the mapping of the objective and constraint functions in the power system ELD
problem onto the Genetic Algorithm problem. Then, simulation is carried out in MATLAB
and the results of GA based solution is compared to that of the conventional approach.

Biogeography-based optimization(BBO) is a new optimization technique.Biogeography
based mathematical models describe how a species arises, migrates from one habitat (Island)
to another, or gets extinct. This algorithm searches for the global optimum mainly through
two steps: Migration and Mutation. For this method also,simulation is conducted and the
results are compared

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