2012

H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A MI N AT I O N
Mathematics
General Instructions
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime3hours
Writeusingblackorbluepen
Blackpenispreferred
Board-approvedcalculatorsmay
beused
Atableofstandardintegralsis
providedatthebackofthispaper
InQuestions1116,show
relevantmathematicalreasoning
and/orcalculations
Total marks 100
Section I Pages26
10 marks
AttemptQuestions110
Allowabout15minutesforthissection
Section II Pages718
90 marks
AttemptQuestions1116
Allowabout2hoursand45minutesforthis
section
1320
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 110
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Usethemultiple-choiceanswersheetforQuestions110.
1 Whatis4.09784correcttothreesignificantfigures?
(A) 4.09
(B) 4.10
(C) 4.097
(D) 4.098
2 Whichofthefollowingisequalto
1
?
2 5 3
(A)
2 5 3
7
(B)
2 5 + 3
7
(C)
2 5 3
17
(D)
2 5 + 3
17
3 Thequadraticequation x
2
+3x1=0 hasroots and.
Whatisthevalueof +( +)?
(A) 4
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 2
2
4 Thediagramshowsthegraph y=
( )
x .
aa
y
O x
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
(A)
( )
a > 0 and
( )
a < 0
(B) a > 0 and a > 0
(C) aa < 0 and a < 0
(D)
( )
a < 0 and
( )
a > 0
5 Whatistheperpendiculardistanceofthepoint(2,1)fromtheline y=3x+1?

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
6
(A)
10
6
(B)
5
8
(C)
10
8
(D)
5
3
6 Whatarethesolutionsof 3tanx = 1 for 0x2?
2 4
(A) and
3 3
2 5
(B) and
3 3
5 7
(C) and
6 6
5 11
(D) and
6 6
7 Let a=e
x
.
Whichexpressionisequalto log a
2
?
e
( )
(A) e
2x
x
2
(B) e
(C) 2x
(D) x
2

8 Thediagramshowstheregionenclosedby y=x2 and y
2
=4 x.
2 3
3
4
2
1
1
2
3
4
x
y
2
=4x
y=x2
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6
y
O
Whichofthefollowingpairsofinequalitiesdescribestheshadedregioninthediagram?
(A) y
2
4 x and yx2
(B) y
2
4 x and yx2
(C) y
2
4 x and yx2
(D) y
2
4 x and yx2

4
1
9 Whatisthevalueof

dx

3x
1
1
(A) ln3
3
1
(B) ln4
3
(C) ln9
(D) ln12
5
2 3
10 Thegraphof y = x hasbeendrawntoscalefor 0x8.
( )
2 3 1 4 5 6
x
7 8
y
O
y x =
( )

Whichofthefollowingintegralshasthegreatestvalue?

1
(A)

x dx

( )

2
(B)

x dx

( )

7
(C)

x dx

( )

8
(D)

(
x dx

( )

0
6
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 1116
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Answereachquestionintheappropriatewritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
In Questions 1116, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.
Question 11 (15marks)UsetheQuestion11WritingBooklet.
(a) Factorise 2x
2
7x+3. 2
(b) Solve . 3 1 2 x < 2
(c) Findtheequationofthetangenttothecurve y=x
2
atthepointwhere x=3. 2
(d) Differentiate . 3
2
5
+
( )
e
x
2
(e) Findthecoordinatesofthefocusoftheparabola x
2
=16(y2). 2
(f) Theareaofasectorofacircleofradius6cmis50cm
2
.
Findthelengthofthearcofthesector.
2

2
(g) Find sec
2
x

dx. 3

2
0
7
Question 12 (15marks)UsetheQuestion12WritingBooklet.
(a) Differentiatewithrespecttox.
(i)
(
x1 log
)

e
x 2
(ii)
cosx
2
x
2
4x
(b) Find dx. 2

2
x +6
(c) Jayismakingapatternusingtriangulartiles.Thepatternhas3tilesinthefirst
row,5tilesinthesecondrow,andeachsuccessiverowhas2moretilesthanthe
previousrow.
Row1
Row2
Row3
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
HowmanytileswouldJayuseinrow20?
HowmanytileswouldJayusealtogethertomakethefirst20rows?
Jayhasonly200tiles.
HowmanycompleterowsofthepatterncanJaymake?
1
2
2
Question 12 continues on page 9
8
Question12(continued)
(d) Atacertainlocationariveris12metreswide.Atthislocationthedepthofthe
river, in metres, has been measured at 3 metre intervals. The cross-section is
shownbelow.
0.5
2.3
3 3 3 3
2.9
3.8
2.1
(i)
(ii)
Use Simpsons rule with the five depth measurements to calculate the
approximateareaofthecross-section.
Theriverflowsat0.4metrespersecond.
Calculate the approximate volume of water flowing through the
cross-sectionin10seconds.
3
1
End of Question 12
9
Question 13 (15marks)UsetheQuestion13WritingBooklet.
(a) ThediagramshowsatriangleABC.Theline 2x+y=8 meetsthexandyaxes
atthepointsAandBrespectively. ThepointChascoordinates (7,4).
y
B NOTTO
SCALE
C(7,4)
O
A
x
2x+y=8
(i) CalculatethedistanceAB. 2
(ii) Itisknownthat AC=5 and BC= 65.(DoNOTprovethis.)
CalculatethesizeofABCtothenearestdegree.
2
(iii) ThepointNliesonABsuchthatCNisperpendiculartoAB.
FindthecoordinatesofN.
3
Question 13 continues on page 11
10

Question13(continued)
2
(b) The diagram shows the parabolas y=5xx and y=x
2
3x. The parabolas
intersectattheoriginOandthepointA.Theregionbetweenthetwoparabolas
isshaded.
y=5xx
2
y=x
2
3x
x
y
O
A
(i)
(ii)
Findthex-coordinateofthepointA.
Findtheareaoftheshadedregion.
1
3
(c) Two buckets each contain red marbles and white marbles. Bucket A contains
3redand2whitemarbles.BucketBcontains3redand4whitemarbles.
Chrisrandomlychoosesonemarblefromeachbucket.
(i) Whatistheprobabilitythatbothmarblesarered?
(ii) Whatistheprobabilitythatatleastoneofthemarblesiswhite?
(iii) Whatistheprobabilitythatbothmarblesarethesamecolour?
1
1
2
End of Question 13
11
Question 14 (15marks)UsetheQuestion14WritingBooklet.
(a) Afunctionisgivenby
( )
x = 3x
4
+ 4x
3
12x
2
.
(i) Findthecoordinatesofthestationarypointsof x
( )
anddeterminetheir
nature.
3
(ii) Hence,sketchthegraph y= x
( )
showingthestationarypoints. 2
(iii) Forwhatvaluesofxisthefunctionincreasing? 1
(iv)
4
+
2
+ Forwhatvaluesofkwill 3x 4x
3
12x k=0 havenosolution? 1

(b) Thediagramshowstheregionboundedby
andtheline x=1.
y=
(
x
3

+ 2
)
2
, thex-axis,they-axis, 3
x 1
y
O
Theregionisrotatedaboutthex-axistoformasolid.
Findthevolumeofthesolid.
Question 14 continues on page 13
12
Question14(continued)
(c) ProfessorSmithhasacolonyofbacteria.Initiallythereare1000bacteria.The
numberofbacteria,N(t),aftertminutesisgivenby
N(t)=1000e
kt
.
(i) After20minutesthereare2000bacteria. 1
Showthat k=0.0347 correcttofourdecimalplaces.
(ii) Howmanybacteriaaretherewhen t=120? 1
(iii) Whatistherateofchangeofthenumberofbacteriaperminute,when 1
t=120?
(iv) Howlongdoesittakeforthenumberofbacteriatoincreasefrom1000 2
to100000?
End of Question 14
13
NOTTO
SCALE
10cm
Question 15 (15marks)UsetheQuestion15WritingBooklet.
(a) Rectanglesofthesameheightarecutfromastripandarrangedinarow.The
firstrectanglehaswidth10cm.Thewidthofeachsubsequentrectangleis96%
ofthewidthofthepreviousrectangle.
(i) Findthelengthofthestriprequiredtomakethefirsttenrectangles.
(ii) Explain why a strip of length 3m is sufficient to make any number of
rectangles.
2
1
(b) Thevelocityofaparticleisgivenby
,
wherexisthedisplacementinmetresandtisthetimeinseconds.Initiallythe
particleis3mtotherightoftheorigin.
(i) Findtheinitialvelocityoftheparticle.
(ii) Findthemaximumvelocityoftheparticle.
(iii) Findthedisplacement,x,oftheparticleintermsoft.
(iv) Findthepositionoftheparticlewhenitisatrestforthefirsttime.
x t = 1 2cos
1
1
2
2
Question 15 continues on page 15
14
Question15(continued)
(c) Ari takes out a loan of $360000. The loan is to be repaid in equal monthly
repayments, $M, at the end of each month, over 25 years (300 months).
Reducibleinterestischargedat6%perannum,calculatedmonthly.
Let$A
n
betheamountowingafterthenthrepayment.
(i) Writedownanexpressionfortheamountowingaftertwomonths,$A
2
. 1
(ii) Showthatthemonthlyrepaymentisapproximately$2319.50. 2
(iii) Afterhowmanymonthswilltheamountowing,$A
n
,becomelessthan 3
$180000?
End of Question 15
15
Question 16 (15marks)UsetheQuestion16WritingBooklet.
(a) The diagram shows a triangle ABC with sides BC=a and AC=b. The
pointsD,EandFlieonthesidesAC,ABandBC,respectively,sothatCDEFis
arhombuswithsidesoflengthx.
b
a
x
C D
E
B
F
A
(i) ProvethatEBFissimilartoAED. 2
(ii) Findanexpressionforxintermsofaandb. 2
Question 16 continues on page 17
16

Question16(continued)
2
(b) ThediagramshowsapointTontheunitcircle x
2
+y =1 atangle fromthe

positivex-axis,where 0< < .

2
The tangent to the circle at T is perpendicular to OT, and intersects the x-axis
atP,andtheline y=1 atQ.Theline y=1 intersectsthey-axisatB.
x
Q
T
P
q
y
B
y=1
O
(i) ShowthattheequationofthelinePTis
xcos +ysin =1.
2
(ii) FindthelengthofBQintermsof. 1
(iii) Showthatthearea,A,ofthetrapeziumOPQBisgivenby
. A=
2
2
sin
cos

2
(iv) Findtheangle thatgivestheminimumareaofthetrapezium. 3
Question 16 continues on page 18
17
Question16(continued)
(c) The circle x
2
+(yc)
2
=r
2
, where c>0 and r>0, lies inside the parabola
y=x
2
. The circle touches the parabola at exactly two points located
symmetricallyonoppositesidesofthey-axis,asshowninthediagram.
O x
(0,c)
y
2
(i) Showthat 4c=1+4r . 2
1
(ii) Deducethat c> . 1
2
End of paper
18
BLANKPAGE
19
STANDARD INTEGRALS

n
x dx

1
dx

ax

e dx

cosaxdx

sinaxddx

2
sec axdx

secaxttanaxdx

1
dx

2 2
a + x

dx
2

2
a x

1
dx

2 2

x a

1
dx

2 2

x + a
NOTE
1
n+1
= x , n 1;
n+ 1
= lnx , x > 0
1
ax
= e , a 0
a
1
= sinax , a 0
a
1
= cosax , a 0
a
1
= tanax , a 0
a
1
= secax , a 0
a
1 x
1
= tan , a 0
a a
x
1
= sin , a> 0, a
a
2 2
= ln x+ x a , x
( )
2 2
= ln x+ x + a
( )
: lnx == log x, x> 0
e
x 0, if
< x< a
> > 0 a
n< 0
20
Board of Studies NSW 2012