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CHOOSING A STATISTICAL TEST

Dr. Vipul Patel
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Continuous Variable v/s Categorical Variable
Dependent Variable v/s Independent Variable
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T tests
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T test is the simplest test of whether two groups
differ.
One Sample T test
Independent Sample T test
Dependent Sample T test
One Sample T Test
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The one-sample t-test is used to compare the mean
of a sample with a specified (known) test value.
To conduct one sample t test, one variable
measured on continuous scale and a known value is
required. The unit of measurement of variable of
interest and known value should be same.
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Independent Sample T Test
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An Independent Sample t test assume that two
mean scores are independent of each other.
It has exactly two variables.
Independent variables must be categorical having
two categories (i.e., groups) only. Participants in
each groups must be different.
Dependent variable must be continuous.
The non parametric alternative to an independent
sample t test is the Mann-Whitney U test.
Paired Sample T Test
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A paired sample t test assume that two mean scores
are paired in some manner.
It has exactly two variables.
Independent variables must be categorical having
two categories (i.e., groups) only. Participants in
each groups must be same.
Dependent variable must be continuous.
The non parametric alternative to a paired sample t
test is the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.
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One Way ANOVA
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The One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is
used when you want to test whether the score of
three or more groups differ statistically.
It has exactly two variables.
Independent variables must be categorical having
three or more categories (i.e., groups). Participants
in each groups must be independent.
Dependent variable must be continuous.
The non parametric alternative to One Way
ANOVA is Kruskall Wallis test.
Factorial ANOVA
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A Factorial ANOVA is extension of One Way
ANOVA.
It has more than two variables.
Two or more variables are categorical and they are
independent.
Exactly one variable is continuous and it is the
dependent variable.
There is no non-parametric alternative to Factorial
ANOVA.
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Correlation Test
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Correlation looks at how two measurement vary
together.
There are exactly two variables. Both variables are
continuous.
The variables cannot necessarily be defined as
independent and dependent, although they might
be.
Non parametric alternative of Spearmens
Correlation test is Spearmens rank order
correlation test.
Multiple Regression
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Multiple regression looks at the relationship among
multiple variables to try to make a prediction about
how some variables (the independent or explanatory
variables) may predict scores on another variable (the
dependent or response variable).
It has two or more variables. All the variables must be
continuous.
One variable must be dependent and the others are
independent.
There is no non-parameteric alternative to multiple
regression.
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Chi-Square Test
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A Chi-Square test is a non parametric test.
A chi-square test investigates whether there is a
relationship between two categorical variables.
It has exactly two variables. All variables are
categorical. Each variable has two or more levels
(categories) within them.
You cannot calculate average of the variables; you can
only count how many are in each category.
The variables cannot necessarily be defined as
independent and dependent, although they might be.
Factor Analysis
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Factor analysis is a method of data reduction and
summarisation: take many variables and explain
them with a few factors or components or
dimensions
The common objective of factor analysis is to
represent a set of variables in terms of a smaller
number of latent variables.
The primary function of factor analysis is to define
the underlying structure among the variables in
the analysis.
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Best of Luck
&
Thank You!!!!
vipulpat@gmail.com