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Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

saMskRt baalapuYpma\ 3
paz: 2 Avyayaaina
Lesson 2 Indeclinable

Dear Students,
This is second time the indeclinable are taught in our lesson. May I kindly request you to
go through the lesson 13 in Stage 1:
http://www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html
If you are not able to open the link, kindly visit the home page
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/
or
http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/kalidasa/lessons/
search the file section. This is 13th lesson in stage 1 Sanskrit lessons. So I want to skip the
introduction of this lesson.

Only the list of indeclinable is given below from Lesson 13 in stage 1 lesson for your
reference.
Please read the following indeclinable and understand the meaning. Then we will practice
in sentences.

during
saayaM evening p`at: morning [danaIma\ now na not, don’t
down,
ikmaqa-ma\ why? Aip also ca and AQa: below
down,
baih: outside ]ccaO: loudly naIcaO: below XaIGa`ma\ quickly
another in one
Anya~ place ek~ place ekda once mauhmu au-hu: again &
again, often
here &
Ahina- Xama\ day&night AQaunaa now AV today [tstt: there
]pir above eva only ikma\ what kqama\ how,
during during
sava-d a always tUYNaIma\ quietly idvaa day na>ma\ night

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Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

Read the following indeclinable and understand the meaning.


[maaina Avyayaaina ca pzt .

kalavaacakaina Avyayaaina These indeclinable indidcating time:


In the
p`at: morning sada always tdanaIma\ At that time (: yesterday

saayama\ In the
evening
sava-da always saV: immediately Xva: tomorrow
Day &
Ahaora~ma\ night AQaunaa idvaa During day AV today

Ahina-Xama\ Day & [danaIma\ now na>ma\ During


ina%yama\ Everyday,
night night always
samp`it
ca and kdaip sometimes kdaip na never

vaa@yaaina pzt
1 baalaka: prIxaayaO Ahaora~M pzint . - Day & night children study for exam.
2 EaoYza: janaa: Asa%yaM kdaip na vadint . - Good people never tell lie.
3 sada naarayaNanaamasmarNaM ku$ . - Always think of Narayana.
4 Kgaa: p`at: santaoYaoNa kUjaint . - Birds chirp happily in the morning.
5 AV rivavaasar: Aist . - Today is Sunday.

Please learn the names of days in Sanskrit:


Baanauvaar: rivavaar: - Sunday [nduvaar: - Monday
kujavaar: ma=\gaLvaar: - Tuesday bauQavaar: saaOmyavaar: - Wednesday
gauÉvaar: baRhspitvaar: - Thursday XauËvaar: - Friday
Xainavaar: isqarvaar: - Saturday

ir>sqaanaaina pUryat . AByaasa:


1 saUya-: AstM gacCit .
2 raxasaa: carint .
3 AV isqarvaar: . Baanauvaar: XauËvaar: ca .

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

sqaanavaacakaina Avyayaaina * These indeclinable indicating places:


On the Top,
A~ Here purt: In front ]ccaO: loudly
t~ There pRYzt: In backside naIcaO: Down, below
]Baya~ Both places maQyao In the middle samaIpma\ Nearby
]Bayat: From sides
both
AQa: Down, below dUrt: At the distance

AQastat\ Downwards dixaNat: From rightside baih: Outside


]pir Above, top vaamat: From leftside [tstt: Here & there
}Qva-ma\ upwards pirt: around

p`Xnavaacakaina Avyayaaina * These indeclinable are used to frame questions.


kqama\ How ? ku~ Where?
kut: From where? ikma\ What?
kit How many? ikmaqa- ma\ Why?
kda When? @va Where?

ivaBa@%yaa sah p`yau>aina Avyayaaina * These indeclinable are used along with cases.
p`it Towards saaQa-ma\ Alongwith iQak\ Curse
AiQakR%ya About samama\ Equal with nama: Salutations
Uttered while
sah With sadRXama\ Equal to svaaha performing
yajna
saakM with ivanaa without Alama\ Enough
?to without
* These three will be taught after few lessons in this series.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

sa=\kINaa-ina Avyayaaina
naUnama\
Aip also tu - but Aqavaa – or eva - only
- sure
kdaip
sometimes ekda once na – not ca – and At: - so
kdaip na pXcaat\ mauhuma-uhu: p`aya: –
never afterwards - often samyak\ – well
normally
naOva sahsaa – sava-da – sa%varma\ – prsprma\ –
never at once always quickly together
pura
XanaO: – AvaXyama\ – AtIva – BaUya:
- once upon a
slowly sure Very much again
time
[it
JaiTit tUYNaIma\ – imaqa: XaIGa`ma\
- end of
- quickly silently - together quickly
statement
bahuQaa –
icarma\ - puna: vaa [va
several for long - again - or - like
ways
maa Klau
- don’t - indeed

[maaina vaa@yaaina pzt .


1 janak: vadit “va%sa icarM jaIva” [it . - Father says “Dear Son! Live long”.
2 ihmaalaya: AtIva EaoYz: pva-t: Aist . - Himalayas are very best mountains.
3 ]Vanao baalaka: prsprM ËIDint . - Children play together in the garden.
4 pura dXarqa: naama rajaa AasaIt\ . - Once there was king called Dasarath.
5 XaXak: sa%varM Qaavait . - Rabbit runs fast.
6 gauÉM BaUya: BaUya: pNaamaM ku$t . - Do salute the Guru again and again.
7 Bavaana\ pzit ilaKit vaa ? - You read or write ?
8 naUnaM vaRwa: saovanaIyaa: . - Sure the elders should be served.
9 ekda AhM itÉpitxao~M gatvaana\ . - Once I went to Tirupathi.
10 rama: pzit gaIta Aip pzit . - Ram reads, Gita also reads.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

ya~ t~ Wherever, there ya: sa: One who, he (is)


yada tda Whenever, then yaa saa One who, she (is)
yaid tih- If, then yat\ tt\ What ever, it (is)
yaqaa tqaa As if, like that na kovalaM ikntu Not only, but
yaavat\ tavat\ Until, till then caot \ If
yaVip tqaaip Even though, then

[maaina vaa@yaaina pzt . Learn the following sentences.


ya~ vaRxaa: saint t~ Kgaa: vasaint .
- Wherever trees, birds live there.
yada kRYNamaoGaa: saint tda mayaUra: naR%yaint .
- Whenever black clouds, then peacocks dance.
yaid gau$kRpa Aist tih- papM naXyait .
- If Guru’s mercy is there, then all sins are cleared.
yaqaa Bai>: Aist tqaa flaM Bavait .
- As much one has devotion, that much success is there.
yaavat\ vaRiYT: tavat\ ivaVut\ na p`calait .
- Until it rains, till then there will be no electricity.
yaVip sa: p=\ gau: tqaaip sa: vaogaona Qaavait .
- Even though he is a lame, then also he runs fast.
ya: t~ pazyait sa: mama AQyaapk: Aist .
- One who teaches there, he is my teacher.
yaa t~ gaayait saa mama jananaI Aist .
- One who is singing there, she is my mother.
yat\ pustkM %vaM pzisa tt\ mama pustkma\ Aist .
- The book that you read is mine.
vaodantdoiXak: na kovalaM piNDt: ikntu kiva: Aip .
- Vendanta Desika was not only a Pandit also a poet.
samyaga\ vaRiYT: Bavait caot\ sava- ~ Xasyaaina samyak\ raohint .
- If good rains is there, then all the crops grow well.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

etaina vaa@yaaina Aip pzt . Also read the following sentences.


Ahma\ ]ccaO: vadaima . - I speak loudly.
vayama\ naIcaO: ]pivaXaama: . - We all sit down.
%vaM XaIGa`M Qaavaisa . - You run fast.
yaUyama\ kda BaaojanaM Kadqa ? - When do you eat food ?
sa: Ahina-XaM QyaanaM kraoi t . - He meditates day and night.
saa Aip sava-da QyaanaM kraoit . - She also meditates always.
to saV: kayaa-iNa kuva-int . - They all do the work immediately.

Fill in the blanks with indeclinable given in the bracket.


(Anya~ ]pir idvaa [tstt: XaIGa`ma\)
1 Ahma\ AakaXaM pXyaaima .
2 AavaaM p`at: Qaavaava: .
3 vayama\ vasaama: .
4 AavaaM pustkM pzava: .
5 AhM kaya-M kraoima .
Use the following indeclinable in sentences:
1 na>ma\ = ----------------------------------------------------------------
2 tUYNaIma \ = ----------------------------------------------------------------
3 [tstt: = ----------------------------------------------------------------
4 p`at: = ----------------------------------------------------------------
5 XaIGa`ma\ = ----------------------------------------------------------------

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable
Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

Your suggestions are welcome to my personal ids. vcgrajan@yahoo.com and vcgrajan@gmail.com

Your contribution and donation are welcome for the propagation


of Sanskrit in favour of
Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram,
S.B. A/c. no.18544,
with Indian Bank, Nanganallur, Chennai.

Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram Trust, Madurantakam


by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to vcgrajan@yahoo.com or vcgrajan@gmail.com by Kalidasa-
Samskrita-Kendram, Madurantakam

There are about 40 Sanskrit lessons are uploaded in the following sites in two stages. Kindly
follow the links given below to download them. Previous lessons are available (word format and
PDF) in the following links.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/
and
http://www/geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/ & www.geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html


Stage 3: lesson 2 – Indeclinable

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