Water Resources Engineering

JOHN PEPARD MENDOZA RINCHON

Civil Engineering Department
Technological Institute of the Philippines QC
Earths Most
Precious
Resource
Part I: Introduction to Water
Resources Engineering
Lesson I:
Water Resources and Social Development
Subject Intended Learning Outcomes (SILOs):
At the end of the meeting the student shall be able to:
Define concepts of Water Resources and Engineering.
Distinguish different Social and Political Processes.
Identify the social important of Water and its Resources.
General Background: Water and Its
Resources
Water Resources are sources of water
that are useful or potentially useful. Uses
of water include agricultural, industrial,
household, recreational and
environmental activities. Virtually all of
these human uses require fresh water.
(Source:Wiki/Water Resources)
Water Distribution
Water Distribution
It is clear that the vast majority of the
earths water resources is contained in
the oceans, with most of the fresh water
being contained in ground and polar ice.
The amount of water stored in the
atmosphere is relatively small, although
the flux of water into and out of the
atmosphere dominates the hydrologic
cycled. (Source: Chin 2006)
What is Water Resource Engineering?
Water resources engineering is the
profession that is responsible for the
planning, development and management of
water resources. From estimating the
amount of water available to designing the
physical and non-physical infrastructure
needed to meet the water needs of
society and the environment.
What is Water Resource Engineering?
Aside from the engineering and
environmental aspects of water-resources
systems, their feasibility from legal,
economic, financial, political, and social
viewpoints must also be considered in the
development process. (Source: Chin 2006)
Scope of Water Resources Engineering
Water and Wastewater treatment plant
design
Water Distribution, Wastewater and
Storm water Sewer Systems
River Engineering, Hydraulics,
Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport,
Contaminant Transport, River
Morphology, Ice-covered rivers .
Scope of Water Resources Engineering
Irrigation Engineering
Hydraulic Structures (reservoirs,
floodways, dams, dykes, spillways & sluice
gates, channels, water intakes)
Groundwater and Seepage, well design,
seepage control, underground
contaminant transport
Scope of Water Resources Engineering
Drainage Canals
Surface Runoff Analysis
Hydrology, winter hydrology, climate
change
Extreme events: floods, torrents,
mudflows, debris flows
Coastal Engineering: wave analysis, coastal
sediment transport and maritime
hydraulics structures.
Design of Water Resource System
Designing of Water Resources Systems are
classified into three approaches:
Frequency-Based Design
Risk-Based Design
Critical Event Design
(Source: Chin 2006)
Frequency-Based Design
The system is designed in such way the it
can accommodate all lesser events up to
and including the selected exceedance
probability event, meaning the system is
expected to fail when the design event is
equal to the exceedance probability. This
is commonly used in designing the minor
structures of urban drainage system.
(Source: Chin 2006)
Risk-Based Design
In Risk based design, the system is design
in the way that the sum of capital cost
and the cost of failure is minimized. Note
that capital costs tend to increase and
the cost of failure tends to decrease with
increasing system capacity.
(Source: Chin 2006)
Critical-Event Design
This design approach generally consider the
a catastrophic failure, where the water-
resources systems are designed for large
possible magnitude of a hydrologic event.
In which the hydrologic variable in this
case is referred to as the estimated
limiting value. (Source: Chin 2006)
Water Resources System
Water Resources Systems are broadly
categorized as:
Water-Control Systems are primarily
designed to control the spatial and
temporal distribution of surface runoff
resulting from rainfall events.
Water Resources System
Water-Use Systems are designed to
support human habitation and include
water-treatment systems, water-
distribution systems, waster-collection
systems and wastewater-treatment
systems.
(Source: Chin 2006)
Water Laws And Agencies
Generally, design of water-resource systems
usually involves interactions with
government agencies as to design
criterions, development permits, and data
(e.g. hydrologic and geologic) is concern.
The following are some of the key water-
resources agencies and water laws in the
Philippines:
Water Laws And Agencies
Administrative Order No. 94 Providing
measures for the optimum utilization of
water resources in Metro Manila.
Clean Water Act An act providing for a
comprehensive water quality management
and for other purposes.
Executive Order No. 123 Reconstituting
the National Water Resources Board.
Water Laws And Agencies
Executive Order No. 159 Directed all
departments, bureaus, offices, units and
agencies of the national government
including government-owned and
controlled corporations to revise their
fees and charges at just and reasonable
rates sufficient to cover at least the full
cost of services rendered.
Water Laws And Agencies
Executive Order No. 124-A Amending
Executive Order No. 124, dated 30
January 1987, reorganizing the
Department of Public Works and
Highways, redefining its powers and
functions, and for other purposes.
Water Laws And Agencies
Executive Order No. 279 Instituting
reforms in the financing policies for the
water supply and sewerage sector and
water service providers and providing for
the LWUA's organizational structure and
operations in support thereof.
Water Laws And Agencies
Executive Order No. 546 Following the
reorganization of the Ministry of Public
Works and Highway (MPWH), the
NWRC being its attached agency, is
consequently abolished and all its
technical functions are transferred to the
Bureau of Research and Standards (BRS).
Water Laws And Agencies
Memorandum Order No. 244 Approves
and directs the Water Summit with the
Cabinet Cluster G as head coordinator.
NEDA Board Resolution No. 4 A 6-
month Technical Assistance Study on
Strengthening of NWRB is to be
completed in response to the
recommended reforms.
Water Laws And Agencies
Presidential Decree No. 424 Creating a
National Water Resources Council,
reconstituting its membership, vesting the
same with powers to coordinate and
integrate water resources development,
and providing funds therefore.
Republic Act 8041 An act to address the
National Water Crisis and for other
purposes.
Water Laws And Agencies
Presidential Decree No. 1067 A decree
instituting a water code, thereby revising
and consolidating the laws governing the
ownership, appropriation, utilization,
exploitation, development, conservation
and protection of water resources.
Water Laws And Agencies
(Source: Country Paper - National Water Sector Apex Body)
National Water Resources Board
(NWRB)
is the lead government agency in the
Philippine water sector, conferred with
policy-making, regulatory and quasi-
judicial functions.
National Water Resources Board
(NWRB)
The NWRB is responsible for ensuring
the optimum exploitation, utilization,
development, conservation and
protection of the country's water
resource, consistent with the principles of
IntegratedWater Resource Management.
Functions of NWRB
The NWRB's functions and responsibilities
are three-fold:
Formulation and coordination of policies,
programs and standards relating to the
PhilippineWater Sector;
Management and regulation all water-
related activities; and
Regulation and monitoring of water
utilities.
Water Agency Hierarchy
Water Agency
LWUA Local Water
Utilities
Administration
Water Districts
MWSS
Metropolitan
Waterworks and
Sewerage System
Maynilad
Manila Water
Part I: Introduction to Water
Resources Engineering
Lesson II:
Introduction to Water-Related Software
Subject Intended Learning Outcomes (SILOs):
At the end of the meeting the student shall be able to:
Enumerate the common water-related software.
Know the different application.
Identify its important to water resources system design.
Water-Modeling Software
EPANET
HEC Platforms,
Autodesk CIVIL 3D,
SWMM
Water-Modeling Software
EPANET - is a public-domain, water
distribution system modeling software
package developed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Water Supply and Water Resources
Division.
EPANET
It performs extended-period simulation of
hydraulic and water-quality behavior
within pressurized pipe networks and is
designed to be "a research tool that
improves our understanding of the
movement and fate of drinking-water
constituents within distribution systems".
EPANET Features
Hydraulics Simulation Computation of
Head loss; Head Flow curves for pump;
Uses Gradient Method (Todini and Pilati
1987).
Water-Quality Simulation includes the
capability to model water age and predict
flow of non-reactive and, under simplified
conditions, reactive materials (Rossman
200)
EPANET Features
Tool Kit computational engine is
available for download as a
separate dynamic link library for
incorporation into other applications.
(EPA 2012)
Compatibility Use the binary format of
.inp with Impoting/Exporting capability.
Water-Modeling Software
Hydrologic Engineering Center
(HEC), an organization within
the Institute for Water Resources, is the
designated Center of Expertise for
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
HEC
HEC supports technical areas of surface
and groundwater hydrology, river
hydraulics and sediment transport,
hydrologic statistics and risk analysis,
reservoir system analysis, planning
analysis, real-time water control
management and a number of other
closely associated technical subjects.
HEC Features
HEC covers large number of Software
related for Hydrologic and Hydraulics
Data modeling some of this are:
HEC-RAS
HEC-HMS
HEC-
HEC-RAS
HEC-
Water-Modeling Software
Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM) is a dynamic rainfall-
runoff-subsurface runoff simulation
model used for single-event to long-term
(continuous) simulation of the
surface/subsurface hydrology quantity and
quality from primarily urban/suburban
areas. (EPA) (Source:Wiki)
SWMM Model Parameters
For sub catchments: surface roughness,
depression storage, slope, flow path
length.
For Infiltration: Horton: max/min rates
and decay constant.
Green-Ampt: hydraulic conductivity, initial
moisture deficit and suction head.
SWMM Model Parameters
Curve Number: NRCS (SCS) Curve
number.
All: time for saturated soil to fully drain.
For Conduits: Mannings roughness.
Water Quality: buildup/washoff function
coefficients, first order decay coefficients,
removal equations.
SWMM Model Parameters
A study area can be divided into any
number of individual sub catchments, each
of which drains to a single point. Study
areas can range in size from a small
portion of a single lots up to thousands of
acres. SWMM uses hourly or more
frequent rainfall data as input and can be
run for single events or in continuous
fashion for any number of years.
Water-Modeling Software
AutoDesk CIVIL 3D -