Normality Tests in SPSS NormalityTestsinSPSS

UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 1
What do these tests do? Whatdothesetestsdo?
Theycomparetheshapeofyoursampledistributiontothe
shapeofanormalcurve
Assumes if your sample is normal shaped the population Assumes,ifyoursampleisnormalshaped,thepopulation
fromwhichitcameisnormallydistributed
Thenyoucanassumenormality
Asignificanttestmeansthesampledistributionisnot shaped
likeanormalcurve
ShapiroWilks Wtestistheonewewillusemost
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 2
Shapiro Wilks W Test ShapiroWilksWTest
W is the test statistic Wistheteststatistic
W is insignificant if the variable's distribution is not different from normal Wisinsignificantifthevariable sdistributionisnotdifferentfromnormal
Wthecorrelationbetweengivendataandidealnormalscores
W=1whenyoursamplevariabledataareperfectlynormal(perfectH
0
)
When W is significantly smaller than 1 = nonnormal (H is accepted) WhenWissignificantlysmallerthan1=nonnormal(H
a
isaccepted)
ShapiroWilk'sWisrecommendedforsmallandmediumsamplesupton=2000
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 3
What is a significant test result? Whatisasignificanttestresult?
When W is small enough given sample size that p is WhenWissmallenoughgivensamplesizethatp is
low,theresultsaresignificant
Whatisp?p istheprobabilityofTypeIerror,
rejectingtheH
0
whenitistrue j g
0
So,ifp ishigh,wedonotwanttorejectH
0
, p g , j
0
If p is low, there is a low probability of Type I error Ifp islow,thereisalowprobabilityofTypeIerror
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 4
Normality test Hypotheses NormalitytestHypotheses
H
0
the observed distribution fits the normal H
0
theobserveddistributionfitsthenormal
distribution
H
a
theobserveddistributiondoesnotfitthe
l di ib i normaldistribution
IfweaccepttheH
0
,weaccept/assume
normalityy
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 5
Accessingthetests
Youmustchoosethese
oryouwillnotgettest
results
AfterExplorePlots:
pushOK
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 6
Interpretingresults
Fortestsonsamplesofn=3to2000useShapiroWilks;forthose
ofn>2000useKolmogorovSmirnov
H li H
0
=normality
Ifyouaccept,thenassumenormality
Ifyoureject,thendonotassumenormality
StatisticistheteststatisticWforSW,DforKS
Sigisthesignificanceforthetest(akathepvalue)
Ifp<then0.05,rejecttheH
0
becausethetestissignificant
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 7
Significance, etc. Significance,etc.
Lets not worry about how we determine Let snotworryabouthowwedetermine
significanceofatestatthispoint
Simplylearnthecriteriaandtrustit
Wewillgetbacktosignificantresultslaterin
theclass
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 8
RejectH
0
Bothchartsshowyoudeparturefromnormalityat35to40pounds
UNTGeog3190,Wolverton 9