Reduced Water consumption in food production for enhanced food security
Reference to GPFS strategy 2013-2017: Component 2: Competing claims on natural resources, Target 2.3: Promote technological and financial approaches to reduce water consumption of agricultural production
Increased water efficiency and food production in key commodity value chains through multi-stakeholder partnerships applying a push-pull-policy strategy
Consortium Lead: HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (contact: Frank Eyhorn, frank.eyhorn@helvetas.org, +41 44 368 65 00) Consortium partners: Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) 1 , Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) 2 , Coop Switzerland Associated partners: SRP member companies (particularly Mars Foods, IRRI), BCI member companies (e.g. Ikea, H&M, Levi Strauss, Sainsbury, Marks & Spencer, OLAM, ECOM), UNEP, Swiss and Global Water Partnership.
1. Description of the project initiative The proposed project (three years, 2015-2017) builds on our analysis that despite the availability of proven practices and technologies for reducing water consumption, farmer adoption is constrained by lack of a) awareness, know-how and guidance; and b) effective incentive mechanisms to stimulate adoption. We propose to address this dilemma by means of a push-pull-policy 3 approach:
The PUSH effect consists of campaigns to raise awareness and build capacities on efficient water management practices, re-enforced by national water policies. The PULL effect is created by buyers of agricultural produce demanding that water efficiency is addressed as a condition for market access, and their technical and financial support to producers to meet this requirement. Experience of successful adoption and knowledge-sharing (KS) is used to inform evidence-based POLICY development at national, sector as well as corporate (CSR) levels. Taken together, these processes create the conditions for up-scaling (within the respective supply chains), crowding-in (other companies adopt this approach) and replication in other countries and commodities.
1 http://www.sustainablerice.org 2 http://bettercotton.org 3 Hereby with a pinch of salt! we redefine the meaning of PPP ! POLICY dialogue + Knowledge Sharing National Water Policies CSR-Policies Evidence based Up-scaling, crowding-in Outreach to more countries PUSH Campaign on efficient water management practices PULL Buyers demand and support water saving Producers adopt efficient water management practices and diversify production
2 The proposed project applies this approach for two key crops (rice and cotton) that together account for more than 30% of global irrigation water consumption and are mainly produced in countries with water scarcity 4 . Both crops are relevant to food security, due not only to their direct consumption 5 but also their competition for water and other factor endowments with food crops. To achieve sector- wide leverage we partner with two well-established multi-stakeholder platforms that address efficient water management in these commodities: the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) and the Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP). We collaborate with key companies actively engaging in improved water management in these crops: Coop Switzerland (ongoing rice project in India), Mars Foods (ongoing rice project in Pakistan), Ikea, H&M, Levi Strauss, Sainsburys and Marks & Spencer (ongoing activities to improve cotton production in India and Pakistan). The project also leverages the HELVETAS experience in cotton and sustainable irrigation projects in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The project partners will publicize the initiatives outcomes and experiences, and promote the approach in relevant fora. The consortium will make use of well-established networks and key actors such as UNEP, IRRI, ICAC, Textile Exchange, the Swiss and the Global Water Partnership. For national policy outreach we will seek collaboration with the 2030 Water Resource Group. This extensive global network will enable stakeholders from the private sector, civil society, governments and multi-stakeholder initiatives to contribute their respective strengths and to learn from each other. Furthermore, the project will bring food security on the sustainable commodity trade agenda.
Impact hypothesis Adoption of best water management practices will result from a combination of effective promotion and outreach in key value chains (push) and the articulation of buyer demand and their support for water-saving and crop diversification (pull). As a result smallholders produce more food and gain more income, contributing to reduced water footprints and increased food security. Promoting this approach, sharing best practice and demonstrating impact will influence policy-making at sector (cotton and rice), corporate (CSR-policies of buyers) and national government level. Participating companies can be expected to scale up and replicate the approach for their own supply chains; sharing these success stories will encourage new companies to also join the initiative (crowding-in), and national governments will increasingly embrace this approach in their water resource policies. The figure below summarizes the main result chains.
4 Calculation based on http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm and www.waterfootprint.org 5 Cotton seed oil is an important edible oil for human consumption; seed cake is used as animal fodder
3 Activities The main activities as per the result chains depicted above are listed in the following table: Main activities Details A1 Campaign (PUSH) Compile available know-how on tested water management practices in key crops Awareness raising on water consumption in cotton and rice among stakeholders in target countries (India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan), using various media Capacity building of promoters / extension Monitoring of water use (remote/crowd sensing) Building on material and tools developed by HELVETAS, BCI, SRP, IRRI and companies Tested key water management practices include: o Cotton: short/alternate furrow irrigation, water course management, conservation tillage, crop rotation, field levelling, water scouting o Rice: System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), field levelling, water scouting, crop rotation, use of organic inputs (green manure, biogas slurry etc.) Strengthening of Water User Associations including conflict prevention Where relevant: apply watershed management approaches A2 Buyers demand and support water saving and diversification (PULL) Agreements with producers that address water management Support producers in applying tested water saving practices and diversify cropping systems (advice, extension, infrastructure development) Coop (India): Sustainable basmati project, supporting PTD on SRI and AWD methods, integration of other food crops in the rotation Mars (Pakistan): Advice & hands-on support through IRRI on AWD, and other water management techniques, sustainable use of inputs, use of sustainability dashboard BCI with associated companies Ikea, H&M, Levis, Sainsbury, Marks & Spencer (Pakistan, India): Capacity-building for up-scale of water saving methodologies within the implementation of BCI standard
A3 Policy dialogue and knowledge sharing Document the approach, the evidence (through remote sensing) and experience Share in relevant sector events and fora and engage in national policy dialogue Inform national water policy development by providing evidence and experience (e.g. to the 2030 Water Resource Group) Linking local and global level, government and CSR, different sectors Key events and fora include: o Cotton: BCI conference, ICAC conference, Textile Exchange (TE) o Rice: International Rice Congress (IRRI), SRI network o Water policy: Agri-Food Initiative (UNEP), Swiss and Global Water Partnerships, Stockholm Water Week, World Water Forum CoP discussions on water management and food security issues hosted by BCI and SRP Support crowding-in (companies) and replication in other countries
2. Expected results The main expected results at impact, outcome and output level as per the result chains are: Level Expected results (2015-2017) Main indicators (benchmarks) Impact Enhanced food security Increased water productivity Food secure households (>50000) Crop per drop (+20%) Outcomes Producers adopt efficient water management practices and diversify farming systems More production of food crops Increased and secure income Conducive regulatory frameworks Companies scale up and new companies use the approach Uptake rate (>50%) Crops per farm (>3) Food per farm area (+20%) Farm income (+20%) # of national/regional and CSR policies addressing water use and FS (6) # additional value chains (4) Outputs Efficient water management practices for cotton and rice are documented and promoted Extension staff trained in target countries / value chains Smart monitoring system for water consumption introduced (remote/crowd sensing) Buyers demand and support water saving and diversification Approach, best practices and impacts are documented and shared on suitable platforms / conferences Extension tools developed and used (6) Extension staff trained (>100) Annual data on applied irrigation system in target areas ( uptake rates) Project investments of participating companies (> 2.5 Mio. CHF) Fact sheets / videos on case studies (6) Presentations at events (12) Facilitated CoP discussions (2)
4 3. Partners and beneficiaries HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation will be the main contractor and will serve as coordinator for the project. The consortium partners BCI and SRP will coordinate activities of their respective member companies and collaborate with outreach partners, building on their existing missions. All listed partners have confirmed their readiness to participate over the envisaged timeframe of this project.
OFWM: On-farm Water Management; OVCD: Organic Value Chain Development; TE: Textile Exchange, ICAC: International Cotton Advisory Council Beneficiaries The projects direct beneficiaries are farm households involved in targeted value chains (cotton: Tajikistan: 3000, Kyrgyzstan: 10000, Pakistan: 20000; India: 15000, rice: Pakistan: 3000, India: 3000; total: 54000). Indirect beneficiaries are those additional farmers reached through up-scaling, crowding-in and policy outreach (approx. another 50000 farmers).
4. Opportunities and risks Opportunities Risks and their mitigation Risk level Multi-stakeholder initiative with strong partners and innovative approach. Organizational structure requires clear definition of roles, smooth coordination and effective monitoring. low Strong private sector participation (pull-effect for adoption) and leverage funding, getting food security on the sustainable commodity agenda. Water saved in cash crop production may not fully be utilized for food production unless profitable and encouraged through market linkages. medium Collaboration with existing sustainable commodity platforms supports replication; policy outreach through key multipliers; high visibility. Water efficiency improvements at field level may not lead to catchment level improvements unless integrated into a holistic water management strategy. medium Building on proven practices and ongoing field activities; up-scaling and crowding-in are likely. Major buyers of rice and cotton (espec. traders, BRIC countries) may ignore water and food security issues. medium
5. Expertise and network in the thematic field of the project proposal The consortium has the following established networks relevant for this project: HELVETAS Swiss and Global Water Partnership, International Cotton Advisory Council, Textile Exchange (multi-stakeholder platform), Coop Switzerland, Intercooperation SD (India) Sustainable Rice Platform UNEP, IRRI, Mars Foods, Kelloggs, Ahold, IFC, Solidaridad, Bayer, GIZ, CCAC etc. Better Cotton Initiative WWF, IDH, Ikea, H&M, Levi Strauss, Sainsbury, Marks & Spencer, Olam, AproCA etc.
The following table highlights key reference projects of partners, with focus on the consortium leader HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation. In addition to this SRP, BCI and the participating companies have experience in promoting sustainable production and value chains at global level.
Tajikistan OVCD Textile Exchange Sustainable Rice Platform Water Partnerships SDC - GPFS UNEP ICAC Kyrgyzstan OFWM Coop (India) Mars (Pakistan) Better Cotton Initiative BCI companies (Pakistan, India) ConsortiumLead Sustainable Commodity Platforms Lead Companies Outreach Partners Mandator HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation
5
Clients Time/place Volume (CHF) Project / Services provided HELVETAS, Peter Schmidt, peter.schmidt@helvetas.org, +41 44 368 65 00 2009 2017 Kyrgyzstan 1.26 M On-farm Water Management Project. Developed outreach material for water saving practices (water saving catalogue, extension tools, videos). SECO, Barbara Jggin, barbara.jaeggin@seco. admin.ch, +41-31 324 08 98 2008-2016 Kyrgyzstan, Burkina Faso, Mali 10.5 M Organic cotton projects. Production system design, capacity building, facilitating certified value chains, collaboration with textile companies, knowledge sharing (including global CoP on organic cotton). HELVETAS/ICCO/GIZ, Hartwig Ungethuem, GIZ, HartwigUngethuem@t- online.de, +992 918 655 802 2009-2015 Tajikistan 2.4 M Organic Value Chain Development. Supporting farmers to adapt organic techniques and diversify from cotton; facilitating sustainable value chains in collaboration with private sector; collaboration with BCI in extension and capacity development. Coop Sust. Fund, Karl Haf, karl.haf@reismuehle.ch, +41- 41-825 30 00 2011-2014 India and Thailand 1.0 M Sustainable rice project. Project management, PTD and capacity building on sustainable rice production (including SRI), organizing farmer groups, improving the value chain, knowledge sharing. Swiss Water Partnership, Christian Eggs, christian.eggs@deza. admin.ch, +41-31 325 9293 2012-2015 CH / Global 750 K Coordination of the secretariat, shaping the multi-stakeholder platform, information, knowledge exchange and learning events, global water policy dialogue and advocacy, international networking. SECO, Anne Schick, anne.schick@seco.admin.ch +41 31 323 53 80 2012 CH / Global 450 K Organizing the Annual conference of the International Cotton Advisory Council (ICAC), focus on sustainability; knowledge sharing. Advice to SEEP panel (Social, Environmental and Economic Performance). BCI, Patrick Laine, patrick. laine@bettercotton.org, +41 229 39 1258 2009-2014, global 10.0 M per year BCI program on sustainable cotton production, reaching 900,000 farmers in 17 countries in 2014
6. Budget for first phase (3 years)
*Only confirmed cash contributions linked to efficient water use are listed. Budget SDC Main items CHF % ER1: Push (campaign) 1'006'000 16% Fees Compile know-how, campaigns, capacity building 370'000 Material Training / tools, remote sensing monitoring 600'000 Travel Local travel in target countries 36'000 ER2: Pull (buyers) 1'416'000 22% Fees Technical advice 300'000 Material Contribution to up-scaling 1'080'000 Travel Project visits 36'000 ER3: Policy & KS 294'000 5% Fees Documentation, knowledge sharing 120'000 Material Print material, videos, events 150'000 Travel To events, exchange visits 24'000 Coordination 225'000 3% Fees Helvetas project management 180'000 Material External evaluation / impact assessment 30'000 Travel Meetings, field visits 15'000 Total SDC contribution 2'941'000 45% Co-funding partners* Main contribution to: Helvetas Kyrgyzstan ER1: Campaign in cotton systems, technical advice on irrigation 300'000 Helvetas Tajikistan ER1: Campaign in cotton systems, crop diversification 300'000 BCI + companies (Pakistan) ER2: Capacity building, scale-up of practices, policy shaping 750'000 BCI + companies (India) ER2: Capacity building, scale-up of practices, policy shaping 750'000 Mars (Pakistan) ER2: Extension in rice, technical advice by IRRI 900'000 Coop (India) ER2: Extension in rice, technology refining, infrastructure 400'000 BCI ER3: Technical guidance and tools, knowledge sharing, events 60'000 SRP ER3: Technical guidance and tools, knowledge sharing, events 80'000 Total partner contribution 3'540'000 55% Total overall budget 6'481'000 100%
6 Annex 1: Reference list of key personal resources
Name/Title/Organization Professional background and key qualifications Role in the project Jens Soth, MSc Agr; MSc. Env Eng., Senior Advisor Commodities, HELVETAS 25 years experience in development cooperation with focus on sustainable agriculture, value chains, standard implementation, life-cycle assessments with focus on natural fibres, cereals and perennial crops. Project coordinator; partnerships with private sector and sustainable commodity platforms Frank Eyhorn, PhD Env. Sc., Team Leader Rural Economy, HELVETAS 16 years experience in development cooperation with focus on sustainable agriculture, value chains and rural livelihoods, with focus on rice and cotton. Advisor sustainable agriculture and value chains Chris Morger, MSc Agron., MSc Soil Sc., Senior Advisor W4F, HELVETAS 30 years of experience in development projects focusing on soil and water management, crop water requirements, irrigation. SDC backstopping mandate on Water for Food. Senior Expert on water requirements, irrigation practices and infrastructure Marco Daniel, MSc, SWP Coordinator, HELVETAS 6 years of experience in development cooperation and multi stakeholder environments with focus on water policy dialogue across sectors and scales. Water policy and water footprint expert Wyn Ellis, PhD, Coordinator Sustainable Rice Platform 30 years development experience in multi-stakeholder environments in SE Asia. Experience of sustainable value chains, standards and incentive mechanisms. Coordination of SRP member inputs; liaison with outreach partners Patrick Laine, CEO, BCI MBA Stanford; Director of Corporate Partnerships at WWF (6 years). Coordination of BCI activities; link to companies Joe Rickman, MSc, Senior Scientist, IRRI 40 years experience on cereal cropping systems in Asia, Africa, Australia. Specialization in crop production, farm mechanization, post-harvest, extension and training. Technical advisor (agronomy and mechanization) to Mars rice project in Pakistan Mustak Khan, BSc Agr., PG Rural Mgmt., Coord. Intercooperation SD 28 years of experience in development programme for sustainable agriculture and value chain development and management. Experience on liasoning and managing multi sector partners, including in interventions in rice. Project activities on rice with Coop in India Arjumand Nizami, PhD, Country Director Helvetas Pakistan 20 years experience in development programmes with focus on sustainable agriculture and adaptation to climate change. Experiences with multi sector planning, policy development and knowledge management. Liaison to Mars, Rice Partners Ltd and IRRI Jyldyz Abdyllaeva, OFWM Project Manager, HELVETAS Kyrgyzstan 8 years experience in development cooperation with focus on sustainable resources management and governance & peace (water), value chain development. Project Manager for Sustainable Irrigation Sherzod Abdurakh- manov, HELVETAS Tajikistan 10 years of experience in design and management of private sector development and improving economic environment. Experience in sustainable value chains. Project management Organic value chain project (cotton) James Lomax, MSc Tropical Agriculture, Agri- food Programme Officer, UNEP 14 years experience in tropical agriculture. Leading the agri-food programme in UNEP's Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Branch looking at developing pathways to sustainability in food production Chairman of the SRP on behalf of UNEP.
7 Annex 2: Audit report 2012 of HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation
Study on Technology of Kasar - a Cereal Based Indigenous Food of Nepal
Rewati Raman Bhattarai *1, Raj Kumar Rijal2 and Pashupati Mishra1
1Tribhuwan University, Central Campus of Technology, Hattisar, Dharan, Nepal
2Food Research Officer, Regional Food Technology and Quality Control Office, Hetauda, Nepal