Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Magnetic Nanoparticles Utilisation in Biomedical Applications

    Uploaded by

    Asterios Ntais
    97 views9 pages
    Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and metal oxides, consist of a class of nanoparticles that can be manipulated using external magnetic field. The potential use of MNPs in a variety of applications has led to extensive studies about their structural and magnetic properties. Plenty of work has been published, focusing on MNPs synthetic pathway, characterisation, and optimisation, as well as their utilisation in vivo and in vitro applications. In particular, biological and biomedical applications of MNPs are of great importance. MNPs exhibit sizes that are comparable to the size of a virus (20-500nm), a protein (5-50nm), or a gene (2nm in thickness and a length of 10-100nm), hence, they can be recruited as carriers for drug delivery. Also, MNPs’ relatively large surfaces facilitate the adhesion of organic components, whilst the exploitation of magnetic moment allows them to serve as contrast agents (in vivo MRI). Furthermore, MNPs are able to convert the absorbed energy into heat (hyperthermia), under the application of an AC magnetic field. Conclusively, the main applications of MNPs in the context of medicinal sciences can be therapeutic- and diagnostic-orientated.

    Original Title

    Magnetic Nanoparticles utilisation in Biomedical Applications

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and metal oxides, consist of a class of nanoparticles that can be manipulated using external magnetic field. The potential use of MNPs in a variety of applications has led to extensive studies about their structural and magnetic properties. Plenty of work has been published, focusing on MNPs synthetic pathway, characterisation, and optimisation, as well as their utilisation in vivo and in vitro applications. In particular, biological and biomedical applications of MNPs are of great importance. MNPs exhibit sizes that are comparable to the size of a virus (20-500nm), a protein (5-50nm), or a gene (2nm in thickness and a length of 10-100nm), hence, they can be recruited as carriers for drug delivery. Also, MNPs’ relatively large surfaces facilitate the adhesion of organic components, whilst the exploitation of magnetic moment allows them to serve as contrast agents (in vivo MRI). Furthermore, MNPs are able to convert the absorbed energy into heat (hyperthermia), under the application of an AC magnetic field. Conclusively, the main applications of MNPs in the context of medicinal sciences can be therapeutic- and diagnostic-orientated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    97 views9 pages

    Magnetic Nanoparticles Utilisation in Biomedical Applications

    Uploaded by

    Asterios Ntais
    Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and metal oxides, consist of a class of nanoparticles that can be manipulated using external magnetic field. The potential use of MNPs in a variety of applications has led to extensive studies about their structural and magnetic properties. Plenty of work has been published, focusing on MNPs synthetic pathway, characterisation, and optimisation, as well as their utilisation in vivo and in vitro applications. In particular, biological and biomedical applications of MNPs are of great importance. MNPs exhibit sizes that are comparable to the size of a virus (20-500nm), a protein (5-50nm), or a gene (2nm in thickness and a length of 10-100nm), hence, they can be recruited as carriers for drug delivery. Also, MNPs’ relatively large surfaces facilitate the adhesion of organic components, whilst the exploitation of magnetic moment allows them to serve as contrast agents (in vivo MRI). Furthermore, MNPs are able to convert the absorbed energy into heat (hyperthermia), under the application of an AC magnetic field. Conclusively, the main applications of MNPs in the context of medicinal sciences can be therapeutic- and diagnostic-orientated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9

    MNPs utilisation in

    Biomedical Applications
    Chemistry & Characterisation of Thin Films & Surfaces

    Asterios Ntais
    MNPs - Introduction
    Fe Co Ni Metal oxides
    manipulation by external Magnetic Field
    size ! biological components (drug delivery)
    surface + magnetic moment (in vivo MRI)
    absorbed energy into heat (hyperthermia)
    colloidal stability | no agglomeration
    Properties depend on:
    magnetic anisotropy composition vacancies
    crystal structure size shape
    atomic magnetic dipole
    (orbital + spin motion)
    magnetic order (T
    c
    ")

    e
    -
    arrangements

    magnetic behaviour

    size ! 100nm:
    1. single magnetic
    domain
    2. magnetisation
    reversal = uniform
    3. function of T
    Synthesis of MNPs
    1. Gas-phase methods (s-precipitates from g-phases)
    CVD: volatile precursors high T (size & growth control)
    Laser pyrolysis: thermochemical decomposition
    ultrapure & high quality products | low yield

    2. Wet chemical methods (simple, inexpensive, better yield)
    Coprecipitation: precipitation of aqueous solution + base
    Massart Method: alkaline coprecipitation of ferrous & ferric salt
    pH, [cations], temperature dependent
    Fe
    3
    O
    4
    , #-Fe
    2
    O
    3
    uniform size distribution | nucleation & growth


    i.e. iron oxides from Fe(Co)
    5

    Synthesis of MNPs
    3. Thermal decomposition (rapid process)
    unstable precursors into hot-aqueous solution
    organometallic & inorganic precursor, temperature, reaction time
    complexes bound to iron via oxygen
    surfactants (fatty acids) mediate nucleation & growth rates

    4. Microemulsion
    H
    2
    O nanodroplets in oil stabilised by surfactants

    A, B reagents dissolved in 2 emulsions
    mixing AB precipitation, trapped w/in H
    2
    O droplets
    size and shape control
    iron oxide NPs


    Surface modification
    need for chemical stability & functionalities - biofunctionalisation
    high [protein] & [salt] environments
    H
    2
    Ophilic / H
    2
    Ophobic
    ligands & coatings (organic molecules, surfactants, polymers)
    Avoid:
    immune responses | protein synthesis failure
    clotting | generation of ROS (!!!)
    Main goals:
    1. conservation of magnetic properties
    2. increased biocompatibility decreased toxicity



    Biomedical Apps of MNPs
    Magnetic Hyperthermia
    eliminate cancer cells @ 42 - 45
    o
    C (locally)
    application of an AC magnetic field

    Drug Delivery
    MNPs: drug or antibody carriers to specific organs / tissues
    fight w/ forces of blood flow
    magnetic guidance
    particle size: 10 100nm
    surface engineering to minimise interactions w/ phagocytic cells




    Energy loss HEAT
    Biomedical Apps of MNPs
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    MNPs serve as contrast agents
    need for high chemical stability and magnetisation
    extensive use of maghemite (#-Fe
    2
    O
    3
    )
    size ! 50nm: imaging of gastrointestinal, liver, spleen, lymph nodes
    size " 50nm: diffusion imaging & brain / myocardial imaging

    appropriate for enzyme activity imaging (apoptosis, cancer,
    metastasis, inflammatory responses)

    functionalisation of MNPs w/ monoclonal antibodies


    Characterisaton techniques
    X-Ray Diffraction
    mapping of a material | chemical identification

    Transmission Electron Scopy
    structural characterisation @ atomic scale resolution

    Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
    fingerprint of a molecule
    MNPs: size, shape, element, phase identification

    Vibrating Sample Magnetometer
    Faradays principle (a changing magnetic field produces an electric field)
    delivers information about saturation magnetisation, coercivity, shape
    anisotropy, energy loss


    Thanx
    Questions?

    You might also like