8

Series-Parallel R, L, C Circuits
Objective
This exercise examines the voltage and current relationships in series-parallel R, L, C networks. Often
series-parallel circuits may e analy!ed along the lines of the simpler series-only or parallel-only circuits,
ut where each "element# may comprise a complex impedance rather than a singular R, L, or C
component. $oth %irchhoff&s Current Law and %irchhoff&s 'oltage Law may e applied to these circuits.
(n this exercise, oth time domain and phasor plots of the voltages and currents are generated.
Theory Overview
)any complex R, L, C networks may e analy!ed y reducing them to simpler series or parallel circuits,
perhaps through an iterative process in more involved instances. (n this analysis each series or parallel
element is in fact a complex impedance made up of a series or parallel comination of other components
and thus producing a phase angle etween *+, and -+, degrees. Conse-uently, the simple "all right
angles# phasor diagrams found for asic series and parallel circuits may e replaced with more general
phasor diagrams with non-right angles. (n spite of this, oth %irchhoff&s Current Law and %irchhoff&s
'oltage Law must still e satisfied for the entire circuit, as well as any su-circuits or ranches.
Equipmet
./0 1C 2unction 3enerator serial numer4555555555555555555
./0 Oscilloscope serial numer4555555555555555555
Compoets
./0 /, n2 actual4555555555555555555
./0 /, m6 actual4555555555555555555
./0 / k actual4555555555555555555
.70 /, actual4555555555555555555

8eries-9arallel R, L, C Circuits
Schematics
!i"ure 8#$ !i"ure 8#%
Proce&ure
Circuit $
/. :sing 2igure ;./ with a /, k6! sine wave at /, 'p-p source, R</ k, L</, m6, and C</, n2,
determine the theoretical inductive and capacitive reactances, parallel ranch reactance and total
circuit impedance, and record the results in Tale ;./. :sing Ohm&s Law and the voltage divider rule
compute the capacitor and inductor-resistor voltages along with the input current and record them in
Tale ;.7.
7. $uild the circuit of 2igure ;./ using R</ k, L</, m6, and C</, n2. 8et the generator to a /,k 6!
sine wave and /, 'p-p. )ake sure that the Bandwidth Limit of the oscilloscope is engaged for oth
channels. This will reduce the signal noise and make for more accurate readings.
=. 9lace proe one across the generator and proe two across the parallel inductor-resistor ranch. :sing
the Math function, the capacitor voltage may e found y sutracting the proe two voltage from that
of proe one. 1lso, the input current may e found y dividing the capacitor&s voltage y its
reactance. )easure the parallel ranch voltage and capacitor voltage, oth magnitude and phase, and
record in Tale ;.7. Compute the input current and record in Tale ;.7.
>. Take a picture of the three voltage waveforms.
?. Compute the deviations etween the theoretical and experimental values of Tale ;.7 and record the
results in the final columns of Tale ;.7. $ased on the experimental values, determine the
experimental total @ and parallel ranch @ values via Ohm&s Law .e.g., @T<VinAiin0 and record ack in
Tale ;./ along with the deviations.
Bxercise ;
C. Create a phasor plot showing Vin, VLR, and VC. (nclude oth the time domain display from step > and
the phasor plot with the technical report.
Circuit %
D. :sing 2igure ;.7 with a /,k 6! sine wave at /, 'p-p, R</ k, L</, m6, and C</, n2, determine
the theoretical inductive and capacitive reactances, series ranch impedance and total circuit
impedance, and record the results in Tale ;.=. :sing Ohm&s Law compute the capacitor and inductor-
resistor currents along with the input current and record them in Tale ;.>.
;. $uild the circuit of 2igure ;.7 using R</ k, L</, m6, and C</, n2. (nsert a /, current sense
resistor at the ottom of the LR leg and another at the ottom of the capacitor leg. 8et the generator to
a /,k 6! sine wave and /, 'p-p. )ake sure that the Bandwidth Limit of the oscilloscope is engaged
for oth channels. This will reduce the signal noise and make for more accurate readings.
+. 9lace proe one across the generator and proe two across the inductor-resistor ranch sense resistor.
The inductor-resistor current may e found y dividing the proe two voltage y the sense resistor.
The capacitor current is found in a similar manner using its current sense resistor. Record oth
magnitude and phase of the two currents in Tale ;.>.
/,. Take a picture of the Vin and iLR sense waveforms and also of the Vin and iC sense waveforms.
//. To measure the input current, remove the two sense resistors and place one of them so that it is
etween ground and the ottom Eunction of the resistor and capacitor. )ove proe two to this sense
resistor and measure the voltage. 2rom this, compute the total current and record oth magnitude and
phase in Tale ;.>.
/7. Take a picture of the Vin and iin sense waveforms.
/=. Compute the deviations etween the theoretical and experimental values of Tale ;.> and record the
results in the final columns of Tale ;.>. $ased on the experimental values, determine the
experimental total @ and series ranch @ values and record ack in Tale ;.= along with the
deviations.
/>. Create a phasor plot showing iin, iLR, and iC. (nclude oth the time domain displays from steps /, F /7
and the phasor plot with the technical report.
'ultisim
/?. $uild the circuit of 2igure ;./ in )ultisim. :sing Transient 1nalysis, determine the voltage across the
inductor and compare the magnitude and phase to the theoretical and measured values recorded in
Tale ;.7.
8eries-9arallel R, L, C Circuits
(ata Tables
Circuit $
Theory
E)perimetal * (eviatio
+C
+L
R ,, +L
-T 'a"itu&e
-T .
Table 8#$
Theory
'a"
Theory E)p 'a" E)p (elay E)p
* (ev
'a"
* (ev
VLR
VC
ii
Table 8#%
Circuit %
Theory
E)perimetal * (eviatio
+C
+L
R / +L
-T 'a"itu&e
-T .
Table 8#0
Theory
'a"
Theory E)p 'a" E)p (elay E)p
* (ev
'a"
* (ev
Bxercise ;
iLR
iC
ii
Table 8#1
2uestios
/. (s the phase relationship etween circuit voltages or currents in a series-parallel 1C circuit necessarily
a right-angle relationshipG
7. $ased on measurements, do %'L and %CL apply to the tested circuits .show work0G
=. (n general, how would the phasor diagram of 2igure ;./ change if the fre-uency was raisedG
>. (n general, how would the phasor diagram of 2igure ;.7 change if the fre-uency was loweredG
8eries-9arallel R, L, C Circuits