C O N T E N T S

I . I N T R O D U C T I O N .
1. D e f i n i t i o n of the s u b j e c t
2 . H i s t o r i c a l o u t l i n e .
3 . P h y s i c a l b a c k g r o u n d
4 . T h e s t r e s s - s t r a i n c u r v e
I I . F O U N D A T I O N S O F T H E T H E O R Y
1. T h e i d e a l p l a s t i c b o d y
2 . T h e c r i t e r i o n o f y i e l d i n g
3 . S t r a i n - h a r d e n i n g
4. T h e c o mp l e t e s t r e s s - s t r a i n r e l a t i o n s
6. T h e L e v y - M i s e s a n d R e us e e q u a t i o n s
6. T h e H e n c k y s t r e s s - s t r a i n e q u a t i o n s
7. O t h e r t heor i es
I I I . G E N E R A L T H E O R E M S .
1. T h e p l a s t i c p o t e n t i a l
2 . U n i q u e n e s s o f a s t r es s d i s t r i b u t i o n u n d e r g i v e n b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s
3. E x t r e m u m a n d v a r i a t i o n a l p r i n c i p l e s
I V . T H E S O L U T I O N O F P L A S T I C - E L A S T I C P R O B L E M S . I
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n . . . . .
2 . T h e o r y o f H o h e n e ms e r ' s e x p e r i me n t
3. C o mb i n e d t o r s i o n a n d t e n s i o n o f a t h i n - wa l l e d t u b e
4. C o m b i n e d t o r s i o n a n d t e n s i o n o f a c y l i n d r i c a l b a r .
5. C o mp r e s s i o n u n d e r c o n d i t i o n s o f p l a n e s t r a i n
6. B e n d i n g u n d e r c o n d i t i o n s o f p l a n e s t r a i n .
7. B e n d i n g o f a p r i s ma t i c b e a m
8. T o r s i o n o f a p r i s ma t i c b a r . . . .
9. T o r s i o n o f a b a r o f n o n - u n i f o r m s e c t i o n
V . T H E S O L U T I O N O F P L A S T I C - E L A S T I C P R O B L E M S . I I
1. T h e e x p a n s i o n o f a s p h e r i c a l s h e l l .
2 . T h e e x p a n s i o n o f a c y l i n d r i c a l t u b e
3. T h e o r y o f t he a ut of r e t t a ge pr ocess . . . .
4. E x p a n s i o n o f a c y l i n d r i c a l c a v i t y i n a n i n f i n i t e me d i u m
V I . P L A N E P L A S T I C S T R A I N A N D T H E T H E O R Y O F T H E S L I P
L I N E F I E L D . . . . . .
1. A s s u m p t i o n o f a p l a s t i c - r i g i d ma t e r i a l
2 . T h e p l a n e s t r a i n e q u a t i o n s r ef er r ed t o C a r t e s i a n c o o r d i n a t e s
1
1
2
4
8
14
14
16
23
33
38
45
48
50
0
63
60
70
70
71
74
76
77
79
81
84
94
97
97
106
114
125
. 128
128
129
T i i i C O N T E N T S
3. T h e p l a n e s t r a i n, e q u a t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o t he s l i p - l i n e s
4- G e o me t r y o f t h e s l i p - l i n e field
. T h e n u me r i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n o f s l i p - l i n e f i e l d s .
6. T h e n u me r i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n o f t he v e l o c i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n
7. A n a l y t i c i n t e g r a t i o n o f t he p l a n e s t r a i n e q u a t i o n s .
8. D i s c o n t i n u i t i e s i n t he s t r es s
. 132
. 136
. 140
. 149
. 151
. 157
V I I . T W O - D I M E N S I O N A L P R O B L E M S O F S T E A D Y M O T I O N . 161
1. F o r m u l a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e m . . . . . 161
2 . S h e e t - d r a wi n g . . . . . . . 163
3- I r o n i n g o f a t h i n - wa l l e d c u p . . . . . 178
4. S h e e t - e x t r u s i o n . . . . . . . 181
5. P i e r c i n g . . . . . . . . 186
6. S t r i p - r o l l i n g . . . . . . . 188
7. M a c h i n i n g . . . . . . . . 2 06
8. F l o w t h r o u g h a c o n v e r g i n g c h a n n e l . . . . 2 09
V I I I . N O N - S T E A D Y M O T I O N P R O B L E M S I N T W O D I M E N S I O N S . I 2 1 3
1. G e o me t r i c s i m i l a r i t y a n d t he u n i t d i a g r a m . . . . 2 1 3
2 . W e d g e - i n d e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . 2 1 5
3-. C o mp r e s s i o n o f a we dge b y a f l a t d i e . . . . 2 2 1
4. E x p a n s i o n of a s e mi - c y l i n d r i c a l c a v i t y i n a s ur f a ce . . 2 2 3
5. C o mp r e s s i o n o f a b l o c k b e t we e n r o u g h p l a t e s . . . 2 2 6
D C . N O N - S T E A D Y M O T I O N P R O B L E M S I N T W O D I M E N S I O N S . H 2 37
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n . . . . . . . 2 37
2 . F o r m u l a t i o n o f t he p r o b l e m . . . . 2 38
3 . Y i e l d i n g o f n o t c h e d ba r s u n d e r t e n s i o n . , . . 2 4 5
4. P l a s t i c y i e l d i n g r o u n d a c a v i t y . . . . . 2 52
5. I n d e n t a t i o n a n d t h e t h e o r y o f ha r dnes s t est s . . . 2 54
X . A X I A L S Y M M E T R Y . . . . . . 2 62
1. F u n d a m e n t a l e q u a t i o n s . . . . . . 2 62
2 . E x t r u s i o n f r o m a c o n t r a c t i n g c y l i n d r i c a l c o n t a i n e r . . . 2 63
3. C o mp r e s s i o n of a c y l i n d e r u n d e r c e r t a i n d i s t r i b u t e d l o a d s . 2 65
4 . C y l i n d r i c a l t u b e u n d e r a x i a l t e n s i o n a n d i n t e r n a l pr e s s ur e . . 2 67
5. T u b e - s i n k i n g . . . . . . . 2 69
6. S t r es s d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e n e c k o f a t e n s i o n s p e c i me n . . 2 72
7. C o mp r e s s i o n o f a c y l i n d e r bet ween r o u g h pl a t e s . . . 2 77
8. R e l a t i o n s a l o n g s l i p - l i n e s a n d flow-lines. . . . . 2 78
X I . M I S C E L L A N E O U S T O P I C S . . . . 2 82
1. D e e p - d r a wi n g . . . . . . . 2 82
2 . G e n e r a l t h e o r y o f s he e t - be ndi ng . . . . . 2 87
C O N T E N T S i x
3. Pl ane st r ai n of a general pl ast i c mat eri al .
4. T he theory of plane pl ast i c stress, w i t h applications
6. C ompletely pl ast i c states of stress i n a prismatic bar
X I I . P L A S T I C A N I S O T R O P Y -
1. T he yi e l d cri t eri on .
2 . R el at i ons between stress and strain-increment
3. Pl as t i c anisotropy of rol l ed sheet .
4. L engt h changes i n a t wi st ed tube
5. T he earing of deep-drawn cups
6. V a r i a t i o n of the anisotropic parameters d ur i ng cold -work
7. T heory of plane st r ai n for anisotropic metals
A P P E N D I X E S . . - . . -
294
300
313
317
318
320
321
325
328
332
334
341
A U T H O R I N D E X
S U B J E C T I N D E X
361
364
A U T H O R I N D E X
Author' name are followed by the number of page on which paper or book are explicitly
mentioned. Where essentially distinct part of the tame source are quoted on different page,
all page number are given. If the same material i quoted more than once, only the page
where it first occur it given.
A l d o u s , C. W . , 267.
A l l a n s . W . E . . 27.
A l l e n , D . N . de G . , 126, 246, 307.
A nsoff, H . I . , 162, 172.
A u l , E . L . , 287.
B a l d w i n , W . M . , J r . . 17, 269, 271, 282,
317, 323, 330.
B a r a n s k i , G . , 78.
B a r r e t t , C . S., 4, 329.
B a u e r , F . B . , 68, 64, 66.
Be cke r , A . J . , 23.
Be l a ye v, . . , 124.
B e l t r a mi , E . , 20.
B i s h o p , R . F . , 104, 127, 218.
B i t t e r , F . , 326.
B l a n d , D . R . , 189, 197, 201.
Boa s , W . , 4 .
B o h l e n , E . C . , 330.
Bourn e , L . , 323, 330.
Bouwi n e xq, J . , 19, 135.
Br a gg, W . L . , 14.
B r i c k , R . M . , 329.
Br i d gma n , P . W. , 12, 16, 77, 273, 334.
Bri ggs, G . C , 168.
Burghoff, H . L . , 330.
CairnB, W. J . , 14, 251.
Carathe odory, C. , 153.
Ca rri e r, G . ., 160, 162, 172.
Chow, C. C, 334.
Chri H ti anovi tch, S., 143.
ChriKtophertion, D. G . , 92.
Coffin, L . F . , J r . , 125.
Cook, G . , 23, 119, 123, 124, 125.
Cook, M . , 199, 277, 317, 322, 329.
Co ttr e l l , A . H . , 4, 11.
Coul omb. C. . , 19.
Cox, H . L . , 23.
Cunni ngha m, D . M . , 32.
D a n a , A . W . , 334.
D a vi d e n ko v, . . , 273.
D a vi e s, R . M . , 268.
D a v i s , . . , 22, 32, 45, 172.
D a v i s , . . , 32.
D e hli nge r, U . , 23.
D okos , S. J . , 172.
D o r n , J . E . , 14, 32, 320, 333.
D r ucke r , D . C , 47.
E d d y , R . P . , 96.
E dwa r ds , S. H . , 22.
E i chi n ge r , . , 23, 29, 32, 171.
E i a be i n , W . , 185.
E l a m , C. F . , 4, 14.
E ma t , H . , 206, 207.
Fangme ie r, E . , 187.
Fi she r, J . C , 125.
F o r d , H . , 78, 189, 197, 201, 258.
Foste r , P . F i e l d , 213.
Fr a e n ke l , S. J . , 32, 35, 45.
Fr a n ci s , E . L . , 178.
F r i e d , M . L . , 248.
Ga l i n , L . . , 262.
Ge i ri nge r, H . , 88, 136, 167, 233.
Ge nsaroe r, M . , 3 2 .
Gl e y z a l , . , 48.
Gol dbe rg, . . 14.
Gre e nbe rg, H . J . , 58, 64, 66, 67.
Gue st, J . J . , 23.
H e a r , . , 67, 280.
H a i g h , B . P . , 17, 20.
H a n de l ma n , G . H . , 33, 45.
H a n ki r tf , G . . , 257.
H a n s on , D . , 27.
H e n c k y , H . , 20, 45, 135, 281.
H e r mi to, R . L . , 218.
H e ye r , R . H . , 261.
H i l l , R . , 41, 59, 64, 67, 77, 100, 115, 119,
125, 142, 163, 178, 181, 182, 203, 215,
218, 219, 221, 223, 228, 242, 248, 256,
263, 265, 278, 284, 287, 312, 318, 323,
329, 330, 334.
H i tc hc o c k, J . H . , 189.
H odge , P . G . , 64, 89, 118, 220.
H off, H . , 325.
H ohe ne mse r, K . , 72.
H o l l o mo n , J . H . , 14, 29, 30.
H o w a l d , T . S., 271, 282, 323, 330.
H o w a r d , J . V . , 16.
H ube r , . . , 20.
H ume - R othe r y, W . , 4.
I l yus hi n , . . , 46, 47, 48-
I s hl i n s ky, . , 281.
I te rson, F . K . T h . va n . , 162, 181.
Ja cks on , K . L . , 287.
Ja cks on , L . R . , 30, 320, 333.
Ja cobs, J . . , 252.
Ka r ma n , T h . v o n . , 67, 198, 280.
Kl i n g l e r , L . J . , 172, 318, 322, 323.
Koche ndorfe r, . , 26.
352
A U T H O R I N D E X
Ko r b e r , F . , 29, 171, 256, 325.
Kde te r, W . , 317.
H o tte r , F . , 136, 299.
L a n k f o r d , W . T . , 32, 320, 333.
L a r k e , E . C , 199, 277.
L e e , . . , 115, 119, 142, 215, 228.
L e sse lls, J . M . , 22.
L e v y , M . , 38.
L i n , C. C , 33, 45.
L i n i c u s , W. , 177.
L ode , W. , 18, 22, 44. 45.
L o w , J . R . , 32.
L u b a h n , J . D . , 14, 181, 287.
L u d w i k , P . , 12, 14. 29.
L ue g, W . , 201.
L u n t , R . W. , 176, 177.
Mc A d a m, D . J . , J r . , 16.
Ma cGre gor, C . W . , 12, 22, 125.
Ma c L e l l a n , Q. D . S., 176, 177.
Ma l a v a l , M . P . , 29.
Ma n de l , J . , 297, 299.
Ma r i n , J . , 22.
Ma r k o v , . . , 68.
Mason, W . , 23.
Ma x w e l l , J . Cl e r k, 20.
Me bs, R . W . , 15.
Me l a n , E . , 34, 57.
Me rcha nt, . . , 207, 208.
Me ye r, . . , 261.
Mi l l e r , C . P . , 22.
Misee, R . v o n , 20, 21, 38, 51, 141.
Mohr, 0 . , 296.
Mo r k o v i n , D . , 23.
Morri e on, J . L . M . , 23, 72, 94, 123, 124.
Mo t t , N . F . , 104, 127, 218.
N a d a i , . , 20, 32, 41, 45, 46, 76, 84, 87, 93,
94, 117, 122, 136, 192, 197, 211, 230,
234, 253, 255, 256, 269, 308.
N y e , J . F . , 14, 228, 251.
O dqui st, F . K . G . , 30.
O rowa n, E . , 14, 189, 192, 201, 202, 261.
O egood, W . R . , 32.
P a l m. J . H . , 13.
Pa l me r , E . W. , 322.
Pa r a s yuk, O . S., 253.
Pa r ke r , E . R . , 32.
Pe arson, C. E . . 185.
Pe arson, K . , 38.
P h i l i p p i n e . A . H . , 67.
Pi i spa n e n , V . , 208.
P o l a n y i , M . , 16.
Pope , J . . , 23.
Prage r, W. , 33, 41, 45, 48, 49, 64, 65, 72,
88, 93, 136, 139, 142, 157, 158.
P r a n d t l , L . , 39, 41, 86, 233, 235, 255, 256,
297.
Pumphr e y, S. L . , 276.
Pu tn a m, W. J . , 23.
Qui n n e y. H . . 22, 27, 45, 171.
R e i n e r, M . , 13.
R e use , . , 39, 41, 100.
R obe r ts on , . , 23.
R ode r i ck, J . W . , 84.
R oe , M . , 23, 32.
R oe e nhai n, W. , 206.
R oe s, A . W. , 323, 330.
Saehe, G . , 14, 23, 171, 172, 177, 181, 186,
248, 255, 269, 287, 318, 322, 323, 334.
Sadowsky, . . , 67, 135.
Sa i n t- Ve n a n t, B . de, 38, 117, 131.
Sa ngda hl , G . S., J r . , 287.
Sche u, . , 29.
Schle iohe r, F . , 21.
Sc hmi d , E . . 4, 16.
Schmi dt, E . , 163.
Schmi dt, R 27, 46.
Schroe de r, W. , 277.
Scoble , W . . , 23.
Se e ly, F . B . , 23.
Se i tz , F . , 4.
Shaw, F . S., 92, 96.
She phe rd, W . M . , 29, 72, 123.
She vche nko, . . , 162, 172.
Shoj i , H . , 14.
Si de botham, 0 . , 23.
Si e be l , E . , 162, 181, 187, 201, 256, 277.
Si n i te ky, A . K . , 124.
Smi th, C. S., 322.
Smi th, K . F . , 320, 333.
S mi t h , S. L . , 15.
Sne ddon, I . N 253.
Sn i t k o , . . , 23.
So ko l n i ko e , I . S., 83, 84, 86.
Sokol ove ky, W . W. , 17, 48, 84, 90, 93, 96,
124, 141, 162, 169, 172, 235, 250, 256,
258, 299, 303, 304, 307.
Sopwi th, D . G . , 23, 125.
Southwe l l , R . V . , 83, 84, 92, 97, 131, 245,
307.
Spi r i don ova , N . I . , 273.
Sta n l e y, R . L . . . 22.
Ste ve ne on, A . 0 . , 253.
Sturne y, A . O , 206.
Swainge r, . . , 48.
Swi ft, H . W . , 94, 168, 269, 282, 286, 328.
Symonds, P . S., 141, 250, 263.
T a bor , D . , 258, 260.
T a y l o r , G . I . , 22, 24, 26, 27, 45, 52, 171,
307.
T hompe on, F . C. , 178.
T homson, E . G . , 32.
T i e tz , . . , 14.
T i moshe nko, S., 83, 84, 94, 97, 131, 190,
258.
T odhunte r, I . , 38.
T r a cy, D . P . , 181.
T r e f l tz , E . , 92.
T re e ca, H . , 19.
T r i n ke , W. , 197.
T e ol i kov. A . T . . 195.
T uppe r, S. J . , 115, 119, 142, 163, 215, 228.
I T ur n e r , L . B . , 110, 121.
A U T H O R I N D E X
353
U n de r wood, L . R . , 195, 197.
Voce , E . , 13.
Wa r r e n , A . 0 . , 121, 124.
We bste r, D . . , 277.
We iss, L . , 178.
We ste rgaard, . . , 17.
Whe e le r, . . , 27.
Whi te , . . , J r . , 118.
Wi l l i a ms , . . , 84.
Wi l s o n , F . H . , 329.
Wi n z e r , . , 48, 160.
Wi s tr e i n h, J . O . , 178.
Ze ne r, C , 14, 29, 30.
Ani sot ropy, 29, 44, 45, Chap. X I I .
Anneal i ng, 5.
Autofrettaged tube, axi al expansion of,
121-2; axi al stress di st r i but i on i n , 116,
120; under plane st rai n, 115-18; wi t h
closed ends, 118-24; wi t h open ends,
124.
Bauschinger effect, 8, 16, 24, 30, 72, 121.
Bendi ng, of a sheet, 79-81, 287-92; of a
beam, 81-4.
under tension, 292-4.
Cav i t y , expansion i n plate of ci rcul ar, 307-
13; expansion i n surface of semi-
cyl i ndr i cal , 223-6; expansion of cy l i n dr i -
cal , 125-7, 252; expansion of spherical,
103-6.
Channel, flow of plastic mat eri al through,
209-12.
Characteristics, theory of, 345-8; i n deep-
drawing, 285; i n expansion of a tube,
113; i n plane st rai n, 132, 296-7, 336; i n
plane stress, 300- 1; i n torsion, 89, 95-6.
Compressibility during plastic di st ort i on,
26-7.
Compression, of block between rough
plates, 226-36; of block between smooth
plates, 77- 9; of cyl inder between rough
plates, 277; of cyl inder under dis-
t r i but ed l oad, 265-7 ; of wedge by a flat
die, 221-2, 351.
Consistent strain-increment for plastic-
rigid body, 59.
Constraint factor in notched-bar test, 250.
Creep, physi cal mechanism of, 5.
Cri t eri on of yi el di ng, definition of, 15;
dependence on cold-work of, 23-32;
experimental investigations of, 19, 22- 3;
for anisotropic metals, 318; geometrical
representation of, 17, 295, 301; influence
of hydrostatic stress on, 16.
Cr ys t al , lattice structure of, 4 ; plastic
glide i n , 6.
Cycl oi dal slip-line field. 232.
Cyl i ndr i cal cav i t y i n infinite medi um,
125-7, 252.
tube, under internal pressure, 115-25;
under tension and internal pressure,
267-9; under tension and torsion, 71-5.
Deep-drawing, 282-7. 328-32.
Dev i at or i c, strain-increment, 27 ; stress, 16.
Di scont i nui t y, in stress, 93, 157; in stress
gradient, 133; in stress rate, 55, 239; i n
vel oci t y, 150, 160; in velocity gradient,
134.
Dr awi ng, deformation i n , 171; die pres-
sure and load i n , 167, 172-3; efficiency
of, 170; influence of back-pul l i n , 175;
I N DE X
of sheet, 163-76; of wire, 176-8; stand-
i ng wave i n , 168.
E ar i ng of deep-drawn cups, 328-32.
E l ast i c l i mi t , see Cri t eri on of yi el di ng.
modul i , influence of cold-work on, 6, 15.
E l ast i c-pl ast i c boundary, conditions al ong,
55, 132, Chaps. I V , V , I X .
E nvelope of Mohr circles, 295-6.
E qui v al ent , st rai n, 30; stress, 26.
E xt r e mum principl es, for elastic body,
60- 3; for plastic-elastic body, 63- 6; for
pl ast i c-ri gi d body, 66-8.
E xt r us i on, deformation i n , 185; direct,
186; efficiency of, 185; from contract-
i ng container, 263-5; inverted, 182;
pressure of, 185.
For war d sl i p i n r ol l i ng, 193.
Gl i de system, 6, 34, 50.
G r ai n boundaries, 7.
Hardness test, significance of, 258-61.
Hol e , see Cav i t y.
Hydr ost at i c stress, influence on necking,
12; influence on yi el di ng, 16, 294-5.
Hysteresis loop, 10.
Indentation, by cone, 218; by flat oylinder
281; by rectangular die, 254-8, 339-40;
by sphere, 281; by wedge, 215-20.
Internal stress, 24, 35, 37, 50, 328.
Invari ant s, 15, 30, 343.
Ironi ng, 178-81.
Isotropy, conditions for, 7.
Lat t i ce imperfections, 6.
Lode' s variables, 18, 36, 44.
Li i ders bands, 10, 52, 255-6.
Machi ni ng, 206-9.
Maxi mum plastic work, principl e of, 66.
M i l d steel, yiel d-point i n , 10, 23, 52, 123-4.
N ecki ng i n tension, of cyl i ndr i cal bar,
272- 7; o f t hi n s t r i p, 323-5.
N e ut r al loading, 33.
surface in bending, 79, 82, 288-91.
N otched bar under tension, 245-52.
Orientation, preferred, 8, 317.
Pi er ci ng, 106, 186-8.
Pl ane plastic st rai n, 77-8, Chap. V I .
stress, 300-7.
Pl ast i c pot ent i al , 50.
Plastio-elaetic boundary, conditions along,
55, 132, Chaps. I V, V , I X .
Pl ast i c-r i gi d body, 38-9, 58.128, Chap. I X .
S U B J E C T I N D E X 355
Pri smat i c beam, bending of, 81-4; tension
and torsion of, 75- 6; torsion of, 84-94;
torsion, tension, and bending of, 313-6.
Reduced stress, 16.
Resi dual stresses i n overstrained shell,
102-3, 121.
Ri e mann method, 153-4.
Ro l l i n g , efficiency of, 199; empi ri cal
formulae i n theory of, 199; influence of
strip-tension on, 202; influence of work-
hardening on, 200- 1; pressure dis-
t r i but i on i n , 199-201; rol l -distortion i n ,
189-90.
S hear, deformation i n , 326-7.
S ize effects, 23, 124.
S l i p bands, 6.
S l i p-l i nes, definition of, 134; Hencky' e
theorems on, 136-8; i n anisotropic
metals, 336; in axi al l y-symmet ri c state,
278; numerical cal cul at i on of, 140-9;
v ar i at i on of curvatures of, 138-9; v ar i a-
t i on of pressure along, 135; v ar i at i on of
vel oci t y along, 136.
S oi l mechanics, 294-300.
S pherical cav i t y in infinite medium, 103-4,
106.
S pherical shel l , under internal pressure,
97-103, 104-5.
S t at i cal l y determined problems, 87, 100,
111, 131, 242-5.
S t r ai n, engineering, 9; equivalent, 30;
increment of, 26; logarithmic or nat ural ,
9, 28.
S train-hardening, see Work-hardeni ng.
S tress, deviatoric or reduced, 16; equiva-
lent, 26.
S tress-strain curves, comparison of, 27- 31;
significance of, 8-13.
relations, experimental , 44-5, 71- 2;
geometrical representation of, 41, 301;
inversion of, 68; theoretical, 38-40.
Suffix not at i on and summation convention,
342.
T her mal phenomena, 14.
T orsi on, membrane-roof analogy for, 86-7.
93; of anisotropic tube, 325-8; of
annealed bar, 93; of non-uniform bar,
94- 6; of uniform bar, 85-92; warping
of section i n , 88-9.
T ube drawi ng and si nki ng, 269-72.
Uniqueness theorems, for plastic-elastic
body, 53-8, 242-5; for pl ast i c-ri gi d
body, 58-60.
U n i t diagram, 213.
Var i at i onal principles, tee E xt r e mum
principles.
Viscous fluid, contrast to plastic s ol i d, 38.
Work-hardening, dependence on pl ast i c
st rai n, 26-32; physi cal mechanism of, 5.
Y i e l di n g , tee Cr i t er i on of.
Y i e l d- poi nt , in annealed mi l d steel, 10, 23,
52, 123-4.