RDS 1 33 - Web

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
VIENNA
ISBN 978-92-0-111910-0
ISSN 1011-2642
@
REFERENCE DATA SERIES No. 1
2013 Edition
Energy,
Electricity and
Nuclear Power
Estimates
for the Period
up to 2050
ENERGY, ELECTRICITY AND
NUCLEAR POWER ESTIMATES
FOR THE PERIOD UP TO 2050
2013 Edition
VIENNA, 2013
ENERGY, ELECTRICITY AND
NUCLEAR POWER ESTIMATES
FOR THE PERIOD UP TO 2050
IAEA-RDS-1/33
ISBN 9789201119100
ISSN 10112642
Printed by the IAEA in Austria
August 2013
Cover photo credit:
EDF-MEDIATHEQUE / ALEXIS MORIN / 2013
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Grouping of countries and areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 1. Nuclear power reactors in the world
(end of 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 1. Nuclear share of total electricity
generation in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 2. Number of countries with nuclear
power reactors in operation or
under construction (end of 2012) . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 3. Estimates of total and nuclear
electrical generating capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 2. Total and nuclear electrical generating
capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 4. Estimates of total electricity generation
and contribution by nuclear power . . . . . . . 21
Figure 3. Percentage of electricity supplied
by nuclear power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 5. Estimates of total energy requirement
(EJ), percentage used for electricity
generation, and percentage supplied
by nuclear energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 4. Estimates of total energy requirement . . . . . 26
Table 6. Total energy requirement (EJ) by type
of fuel in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 5. Total energy requirement by fuel type
in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 6. Breakdown of world total energy
requirement during the period
19702012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 7. Fuel shares (%) of total energy
requirement in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 8. Fuel use (EJ) for electricity
generation by type of fuel in 2012 . . . . . . . . 36
Table 9. Percentage contribution of each
fuel type to electricity generation
in 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 10. Estimates of population growth by region . . 39
Figure 7. Population estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 11. Estimates of total energy and electricity
requirement per capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 8. Total energy requirement per capita . . . . . . . 44
Figure 9. Total electricity requirement per capita . . . . . 46
Table 12. Average annual growth rates during the
period 20022012 (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 10. Average annual growth rates during the
period 20022012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 13. Estimates of average annual
growth rates during the period
20122030 (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5
Introduction
Reference Data Series No. 1 (RDS-1) is an annual
publication currently in its thirty-third edition
containing estimates of energy, electricity and nuclear
power trends up to the year 2050.
RDS-1 starts with a summary of the situation of nuclear
power in IAEA Member States as of the end of 2012. The
data on nuclear power presented in Tables 1 and 2 are
based on actual statistical data collected by the IAEAs
Power Reactor Information System (PRIS). However,
energy and electricity data for 2012 are estimated, as
the latest information available from the United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs is for 2010
only. Population data originate from the World Population
Prospects (2010 revision), published by the Population
Division of the United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs. The 2012 values again are estimates.
As in previous editions, projections of future energy
and electricity demand and the role of nuclear power
are presented as low and high estimates encompassing
the inherent uncertainties involved in projecting trends.
The RDS-1 estimates should be viewed as very general
growth trends whose validity must be constantly subjected
to critical review.
Many international, national and private organizations
routinely engage in energy demand and supply projections,
including nuclear power. These projections are based
on a multitude of different assumptions and aggregating
procedures, which make a straightforward comparison
and synthesis very diffcult. The basic differences refer to
such fundamental input assumptions as:
Economic growth;
Correlation of economic growth and energy use;
Technology performance and costs;
Energy resource availability and future fuel prices;
Energy policy and physical, environmental and
economic constraints.
The projections presented in this publication are based
on a compromise between:
National projections supplied by each country for a
recent OECD/NEA study;
6
Indicators of development published by the World
Bank in its World Development Indicators;
Global and regional energy, electricity and nuclear
power projections made by other international
organizations.
More specifcally, the estimates of future nuclear
generating capacity presented in Table 3 are derived
from a country by country bottom up approach. They are
established by a group of experts participating each year
in the IAEAs consultancy on Nuclear Capacity Projections
and based upon a review of nuclear power projects and
programmes in Member States. The experts consider all
the operating reactors, possible licence renewals, planned
shutdowns and plausible construction projects foreseen
for the next several decades. They build the projections
project by project by assessing the plausibility of each in
light of, frst, the low projections assumptions and, second,
the high projections assumptions.
The low and high estimates refect contrasting, but not
extreme, underlying assumptions on the different driving
factors that have an impact on nuclear power deployment.
These factors, and the ways they might evolve, vary from
country to country. The estimates presented provide a
plausible range of nuclear capacity growth by region and
worldwide. They are not intended to be predictive nor to
refect the whole range of possible futures from the lowest
to the highest feasible.
The low case represents expectations about the future
if current market, technology and resource trends continue
and there are few additional changes in explicit laws,
policies and regulations affecting nuclear power. This
case was explicitly designed to produce a conservative
but plausible set of projections. Additionally, the low case
does not automatically assume that targets for nuclear
power growth in a particular country will necessarily be
achieved. These assumptions are relaxed in the high case.
The high case projections are much more optimistic,
but still plausible and technically feasible. The high case
assumes that current rates of economic and electricity
demand growth, especially in the Far East, continue.
Changes in country policies toward climate change are
also included in the high case.
7
Over the short term, the low price of natural gas and the
impact of increasing capacities of subsidized renewable
energy sources are expected to impact nuclear growth
prospects in some regions of the developed world. These
low natural gas prices are partly due to low demand
as a result of macroeconomic conditions as well as
technological advances. Moreover, the ongoing fnancial
crisis continues to present challenges for capital intensive
projects such as nuclear power. The assumption adopted
by the expert group was that the above mentioned
challenges, in addition to the accident at the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant, are expected to temporarily
delay deployment of some nuclear power plants. In the
longer run, the underlying fundamentals of population
growth and demand for electricity in the developing world,
as well as climate change concerns, security of energy
supply and price volatility for other fuels, continue to point
to nuclear generating capacity playing an important role in
the energy mix.
Over the past year, most countries have fnalized their
nuclear safety reviews, providing greater clarity with
respect to nuclear power development. Nevertheless,
challenges remain, given that policy responses to the
Fukushima Daiichi accident are still evolving in some
key regions. Once greater certainty about the policy and
regulatory responses is established, these projections will
likely need to be refned.
Compared with the 2012 projections to 2030, the 2013
projections were reduced by about 20 GW(e)
1
in both the
low and high cases. These reductions continue to refect
responses to the Fukushima Daiichi accident and factors
noted above, although the decline this year is less than
in the two previous years. Some of the effects of the
Fukushima Daiichi accident have included earlier than
anticipated retirements, delayed or possibly cancelled
new build, and increased costs owing to changing
regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, interest in nuclear
power remains strong in some regions, particularly in the
developing world.
1
It should be kept in mind that there is a distinction between available
capacity (supplying electricity to the grid) and installed nominal capacity
not supplying electricity that may not be recognized in the published data.
8
Energy Units
1 MW(e) = 10
6
watts (electrical)
1 GW(e) = 1000 MW(e) = 10
9
watts (electrical)
1 GJ = 1 gigajoule = 10
9
joules
1 EJ = 1 exajoule = 10
18
joules
1 EJ = 23.9 megatonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)
1 TWh = 1 terawatt-hour = 10
9
kWh = 3.6 10
3
EJ
N o r t h A m e r i c a
C a n a d a * U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a *
L a t i n A m e r i c a
A n g u i l l a H a i t i *
A n t i g u a a n d B a r b u d a H o n d u r a s *
A r g e n t i n a * J a m a i c a *
A r u b a M a r t i n i q u e
B a h a m a s M e x i c o *
B a r b a d o s M o n t s e r r a t
B e l i z e N e t h e r l a n d s A n t i l l e s
B e r m u d a N i c a r a g u a *
B o l i v i a * P a n a m a *
B r a z i l * P a r a g u a y *
C a y m a n I s l a n d s P e r u *
C h i l e * P u e r t o R i c o
C o l o m b i a * S. Georgia & S. Sandwich Islands
C o s t a R i c a * S a i n t K i t t s a n d N e v i s
C u b a * S a i n t L u c i a
D o m i n i c a* S a i n t P i e r r e a n d M i q u e l o n
D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c * S a i n t V i n c e n t & t h e G r e n a d i n e s
E c u a d o r * S u r i n a m e
E l S a l v a d o r * T r i n i d a d a n d T o b a g o
G r e n a d a T u r k s a n d C a i c o s I s l a n d s
G u a d e l o u p e U r u g u a y *
G u a t e m a l a * V e n e z u e l a *
G u y a n a
W e s t e r n E u r o p e
A n d o r r a L i e c h t e n s t e i n *
A u s t r i a * L u x e m b o u r g *
B e l g i u m * M a l t a *
C y p r u s * M o n a c o *
D e n m a r k * N e t h e r l a n d s *
F i n l a n d * N o r w a y *
F r a n c e * P o r t u g a l *
G e r m a n y * S a n M a r i n o
G i b r a l t a r S p a i n *
G r e e c e * S v a l b a r d a n d J a n M a y e n I s l a n d s
G r e e n l a n d S w e d e n *
H o l y S e e * S w i t z e r l a n d *
I c e l a n d * T u r k e y *
I r e l a n d * U n i t e d K i n g d o m *
I t a l y *
G R O U P I N G O F C O U N T R I E S A N D A R E A S
T h e c o u n t r i e s a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s
i n c l u d e d i n e a c h g r o u p i n g a r e l i s t e d b e l o w
( I A E A M e m b e r S t a t e s a r e d e n o t e d b y a n a s t e r i s k )
*
*
With respect to projections to 2050, assumptions
were made about the general rate of development and
retirements. Given all the uncertainties, these estimates
should be considered as suggestive of the actual outcomes.
The data on electricity produced by nuclear power plants
are converted to joules based on the average effciency
of a nuclear power plant (i.e. 33%); data on electricity
generated by geothermal heat are converted to joules
based on the average effciency of a geothermal power
plant (i.e. 10%). The conversion to joules of electricity
generated by hydropower or by other non-thermal sources
such as wind, tide and solar is based on the energy content
of the electricity generated (the equivalent of assuming
100% effciency).
The total energy requirement has been calculated by
summing the primary energy production, the net energy
trade minus changes in international bunkers and domestic
stocks.
The values shown in Table 9 refer to primary energy
used for the generation of electricity. Owing to differences
in conversion effciencies, the percentage values are
different from the shares of electricity generation presented
in Tables 1 and 5.
9
N o r t h A m e r i c a
C a n a d a * U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a *
L a t i n A m e r i c a
A n g u i l l a H a i t i *
A n t i g u a a n d B a r b u d a H o n d u r a s *
A r g e n t i n a * J a m a i c a *
A r u b a M a r t i n i q u e
B a h a m a s M e x i c o *
B a r b a d o s M o n t s e r r a t
B e l i z e N e t h e r l a n d s A n t i l l e s
B e r m u d a N i c a r a g u a *
B o l i v i a * P a n a m a *
B r a z i l * P a r a g u a y *
C a y m a n I s l a n d s P e r u *
C h i l e * P u e r t o R i c o
C o l o m b i a * S. Georgia & S. Sandwich Islands
C o s t a R i c a * S a i n t K i t t s a n d N e v i s
C u b a * S a i n t L u c i a
D o m i n i c a* S a i n t P i e r r e a n d M i q u e l o n
D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c * S a i n t V i n c e n t & t h e G r e n a d i n e s
E c u a d o r * S u r i n a m e
E l S a l v a d o r * T r i n i d a d a n d T o b a g o
G r e n a d a T u r k s a n d C a i c o s I s l a n d s
G u a d e l o u p e U r u g u a y *
G u a t e m a l a * V e n e z u e l a *
G u y a n a
W e s t e r n E u r o p e
A n d o r r a L i e c h t e n s t e i n *
A u s t r i a * L u x e m b o u r g *
B e l g i u m * M a l t a *
C y p r u s * M o n a c o *
D e n m a r k * N e t h e r l a n d s *
F i n l a n d * N o r w a y *
F r a n c e * P o r t u g a l *
G e r m a n y * S a n M a r i n o
G i b r a l t a r S p a i n *
G r e e c e * S v a l b a r d a n d J a n M a y e n I s l a n d s
G r e e n l a n d S w e d e n *
H o l y S e e * S w i t z e r l a n d *
I c e l a n d * T u r k e y *
I r e l a n d * U n i t e d K i n g d o m *
I t a l y *
G R O U P I N G O F C O U N T R I E S A N D A R E A S
T h e c o u n t r i e s a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s
i n c l u d e d i n e a c h g r o u p i n g a r e l i s t e d b e l o w
( I A E A M e m b e r S t a t e s a r e d e n o t e d b y a n a s t e r i s k )
*
*
10
Africa
Algeria* Malawi*
Angola* Mali*
Benin* Mauritania*
Botswana* Mauritius*
Burkina Faso* Mayotte
Burundii* Morocco*
Cameroo o n * Mozambique*
Cape Verdee Namibia*
Central Africaa n Republic* Niger*
Chad Nigeria*
Comoros Reunion
Congoo* Rwanda
Cte d'II voire* Saint Helena
Democratic Rep. of the Congo* Sao Tome and Principe
Djibouti Senegal*
Egypt* Seychelles*
Equatorial Guinea Sierra Leone*
Eritrea* Somalia
Ethiopia* South Africa*
Gabon* Sudan*
Gambia Swaziland
Ghana* Togo
Guinea Tunisia*
Guinea-Bissau Uganda*
Kenya* United Republic of Tanzania*
Lesotho* Western Sahara
Liberia* Zambia*
Libya* Zimbabwe*
Madagascar*
Eastern Europe
Albania* Lithuania*
Armenia* Montenegro*
Poland* Azerbaijan*
Republic of Moldova* Belarus*
Romania* Bosnia and Herzegovina*
Russian Federation* Bulgaria*
Serbia* Croatia*
Slovakia* Czech Republic*
Slovenia* Estonia*
Tajikistan* Georgia*
The Frmr. Yug. Rep. of Macedonia* Hungary*
Turkmenistan Kazakhstan*
Ukraine* Kyrgyzstan*
Uzbekistan* Latvia*
*
*
*
*
M i d d l e E a s t a n d S o u t h A s i a
A f g h a n i s t a n * K u w a i t *
B a h r a i n* L e b a n o n *
B a n g l a d e s h * N e p a l*
B h u t a n O m a n*
B r i t i s h I n d i a n O c e a n T e r r i t o r y P a k i s t a n *
C o c o s ( K e e l i n g ) I s l a n d s Q a t a r *
F r e n c h S o u t h e r n T e r r i t o r i e s S a u d i A r a b i a *
Heard Island & McDonald Islands S r i L a n k a *
I n d i a * S y r i a n A r a b R e p u b l i c *
I r a n , I s l a m i c R e p u b l i c o f * T . T . U . T . J o f T . P a l e s t i n i a n A .
I r a q * U n i t e d A r a b E m i r a t e s *
I s r a e l * Y e m e n *
J o r d a n *
S o u t h E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i f i c
A u s t r a l i a *
N o r t h e r n M a r i a n a I s l a n d s
B r u n e i D a r u s s a l a m P a l a u*
C o o k I s l a n d s P a p u a N e w G u i n e a*
F i j i P i t c a i r n I s l a n d s
I n d o n e s i a * S a m o a
K i r i b a t i S i n g a p o r e *
M a l a y s i a * S o l o m o n I s l a n d s
M a l d i v e s T h a i l a n d *
M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s * T i m o r L e s t e
M i c r o n e s i a ( F e d . S t a t e s o f ) T o k e l a u
M y a n m a r *
T u v a l u N e w Z e a l a n d *
U S M i n o r O u t l y i n g I s l a n d s N i u e
V a n u a t u N o r f o l k I s l a n d s
W a l l i s a n d F u t u n a I s l a n d s
F a r E a s t
C a m b o d i a* M a c a u , C h i n a
C h i n a * M o n g o l i a *
D e m . P . R . o f K o r e a P h i l i p p i n e s *
J a p a n * T a i w a n , C h i n a
K o r e a , R e p u b l i c o f * V i e t n a m *
L a o P . D . R * .
*
Tonga
11
Africa
Algeria* Malawi*
Angola* Mali*
Benin* Mauritania*
Botswana* Mauritius*
Burkina Faso* Mayotte
Burundii* Morocco*
Cameroo o n * Mozambique*
Cape Verdee Namibia*
Central Africaa n Republic* Niger*
Chad Nigeria*
Comoros Reunion
Congoo* Rwanda
Cte d'II voire* Saint Helena
Democratic Rep. of the Congo* Sao Tome and Principe
Djibouti Senegal*
Egypt* Seychelles*
Equatorial Guinea Sierra Leone*
Eritrea* Somalia
Ethiopia* South Africa*
Gabon* Sudan*
Gambia Swaziland
Ghana* Togo
Guinea Tunisia*
Guinea-Bissau Uganda*
Kenya* United Republic of Tanzania*
Lesotho* Western Sahara
Liberia* Zambia*
Libya* Zimbabwe*
Madagascar*
Eastern Europe
Albania* Lithuania*
Armenia* Montenegro*
Poland* Azerbaijan*
Republic of Moldova* Belarus*
Romania* Bosnia and Herzegovina*
Russian Federation* Bulgaria*
Serbia* Croatia*
Slovakia* Czech Republic*
Slovenia* Estonia*
Tajikistan* Georgia*
The Frmr. Yug. Rep. of Macedonia* Hungary*
Turkmenistan Kazakhstan*
Ukraine* Kyrgyzstan*
Uzbekistan* Latvia*
*
*
*
*
M i d d l e E a s t a n d S o u t h A s i a
A f g h a n i s t a n * K u w a i t *
B a h r a i n* L e b a n o n *
B a n g l a d e s h * N e p a l*
B h u t a n O m a n*
B r i t i s h I n d i a n O c e a n T e r r i t o r y P a k i s t a n *
C o c o s ( K e e l i n g ) I s l a n d s Q a t a r *
F r e n c h S o u t h e r n T e r r i t o r i e s S a u d i A r a b i a *
Heard Island & McDonald Islands S r i L a n k a *
I n d i a * S y r i a n A r a b R e p u b l i c *
I r a n , I s l a m i c R e p u b l i c o f * T . T . U . T . J o f T . P a l e s t i n i a n A .
I r a q * U n i t e d A r a b E m i r a t e s *
I s r a e l * Y e m e n *
J o r d a n *
S o u t h E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i f i c
A u s t r a l i a *
N o r t h e r n M a r i a n a I s l a n d s
B r u n e i D a r u s s a l a m P a l a u*
C o o k I s l a n d s P a p u a N e w G u i n e a*
F i j i P i t c a i r n I s l a n d s
I n d o n e s i a * S a m o a
K i r i b a t i S i n g a p o r e *
M a l a y s i a * S o l o m o n I s l a n d s
M a l d i v e s T h a i l a n d *
M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s * T i m o r L e s t e
M i c r o n e s i a ( F e d . S t a t e s o f ) T o k e l a u
M y a n m a r *
T u v a l u N e w Z e a l a n d *
U S M i n o r O u t l y i n g I s l a n d s N i u e
V a n u a t u N o r f o l k I s l a n d s
W a l l i s a n d F u t u n a I s l a n d s
F a r E a s t
C a m b o d i a* M a c a u , C h i n a
C h i n a * M o n g o l i a *
D e m . P . R . o f K o r e a P h i l i p p i n e s *
J a p a n * T a i w a n , C h i n a
K o r e a , R e p u b l i c o f * V i e t n a m *
L a o P . D . R * .
*
Tonga
12
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14
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N
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t
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s
:
(
1
)

M
a
y

i
n
c
l
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d
e

c
o
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n
t
r
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e
s

h
a
v
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g

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t
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s

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p
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.
(
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T
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t
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m
b
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f

c
o
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n
t
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s

i
n

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a
c
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g
r
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p

t
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t

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e
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e
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c
t
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r
s

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n

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p
e
r
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t
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o
n
,

o
r

u
n
d
e
r

c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
Note: the nuclear share of electricity generation in Taiwan, China was 18.4%.
FIGURE 1. NUCLEAR SHARE OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY
GENERATION IN 2012
FRANCE
SLOVAKIA
BELGIUM
UKRAINE
HUNGARY
SWEDEN
SLOVENIA
SWITZERLAND
CZECH REPUBLIC
FINLAND
BULGARIA
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
ARMENIA
SPAIN
ROMANIA
USA
UK
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
GERMANY
CANADA
PAKISTAN
SOUTH AFRICA
ARGENTINA
MEXICO
NETHERLANDS
INDIA
BRAZIL
JAPAN
CHINA
IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF
0 20 40 60 80 100
74.8
53.8
51.0
46.2
45.9
38.1
36.0
35.9
35.3
32.6
31.6
30.4
26.6
20.5
19.4
19.0
18.1
17.8
16.1
15.3
5.3
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.4
3.6
3.1
2.1
2.0
0.50
Nuclear Share (%)
15
T
A
B
L
E

2
.

N
U
M
B
E
R

O
F

C
O
U
N
T
R
I
E
S

W
I
T
H

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

P
O
W
E
R

R
E
A
C
T
O
R
S

I
N

O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

O
R

U
N
D
E
R

C
O
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

(
e
n
d

o
f

2
0
1
2
)

C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

C
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

i
n

G
r
o
u
p
C
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

w
i
t
h

N
u
c
l
e
a
r

P
o
w
e
r

R
e
a
c
t
o
r
s
I
n

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
L
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m

S
h
u
t

D
o
w
n
U
n
d
e
r

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n

(
1
)
T
o
t
a
l

(
2
)
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
2

2

1

2

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
4
5

3

2

3

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
2
9

9

2

9

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
2
7

9

3

9

A
f
r
i
c
a
5
7

1

1

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
2
5

3

3

4

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
2
9

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
1
1

3

1

3

3

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
2
2
5

3
0

1

1
4

3
1

N
o
t
e
s
:
(
1
)

M
a
y

i
n
c
l
u
d
e

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

h
a
v
i
n
g

r
e
a
c
t
o
r
s

a
l
r
e
a
d
y

i
n

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
(
2
)

T
o
t
a
l

n
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s

i
n

e
a
c
h

g
r
o
u
p

t
h
a
t

h
a
v
e

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

p
o
w
e
r

r
e
a
c
t
o
r
s

i
n

o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

o
r

u
n
d
e
r

c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
Note: the nuclear share of electricity generation in Taiwan, China was 18.4%.
FIGURE 1. NUCLEAR SHARE OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY
GENERATION IN 2012
FRANCE
SLOVAKIA
BELGIUM
UKRAINE
HUNGARY
SWEDEN
SLOVENIA
SWITZERLAND
CZECH REPUBLIC
FINLAND
BULGARIA
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
ARMENIA
SPAIN
ROMANIA
USA
UK
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
GERMANY
CANADA
PAKISTAN
SOUTH AFRICA
ARGENTINA
MEXICO
NETHERLANDS
INDIA
BRAZIL
JAPAN
CHINA
IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF
0 20 40 60 80 100
74.8
53.8
51.0
46.2
45.9
38.1
36.0
35.9
35.3
32.6
31.6
30.4
26.6
20.5
19.4
19.0
18.1
17.8
16.1
15.3
5.3
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.4
3.6
3.1
2.1
2.0
0.50
Nuclear Share (%)
17
T
A
B
L
E

3
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

T
O
T
A
L

A
N
D

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
A
L

G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
N
G

C
A
P
A
C
I
T
Y
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0

(
a
)
2
0
3
0

(
a
)
2
0
5
0

(
a
)
(
b
)
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
G
W
(
e
)
%
G
W
(
e
)
%
G
W
(
e
)
%
G
W
(
e
)
%
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
1
9
8

1
1
5
.
6

9
.
7

1
2
8
6

1
1
8

9
.
2

1
3
5
9

1
0
1

7
.
4

1
4
8
5

6
4

4
.
3

1
3
1
6

1
2
4

9
.
4

1
5
3
3

1
4
3

9
.
3

1
6
3

1
1
.
0

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
3
4
4

4
.
3

1
.
3

4
6
5

5

1
.
0

1
0
0
0

7

0
.
7

1
9
6
4

1
3

0
.
7

5
6
8

6

1
.
1

1
3
5
9

1
5

1
.
1

5
9

3
.
0

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
8
8
3

1
1
3
.
8

1
2
.
9

1
0
1
9

9
4

9
.
2

1
1
4
5

6
8

6
.
0

1
5
9
6

3
3

2
.
1

1
0
5
9

1
1
7

1
1
.
0

1
3
9
1

1
2
4

8
.
9

1
3
7

8
.
6

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
4
6
1

4
8
.
5

1
0
.
5

6
1
1

6
4

1
0
.
5

6
6
8

7
9

1
1
.
9

9
5
3

7
9

8
.
3

6
1
1

7
5

1
2
.
2

8
4
4

1
0
4

1
2
.
3

1
3
8

1
4
.
5

A
f
r
i
c
a
1
4
1

1
.
9

1
.
3

3
3
5

1
.
9

0
.
6

6
8
3

5

0
.
7

2
2
7
2

1
0

0
.
4

3
6
2

1
.
9

0
.
5

9
3
9

1
0

1
.
1

4
2

1
.
9

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
4
6
1

6
.
0

1
.
3

5
6
4

1
3

2
.
3

1
4
8
2

2
7

1
.
8

5
1
2
7

4
7

0
.
9

8
9
2

2
2

2
.
4

1
7
6
3

5
4

3
.
1

1
4
2

2
.
8

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
1
9
8

3
0
1

4
8
6

0

0
.
0

1
2
6
6

5

0
.
4

3
1
7

5
3
3

4

0
.
8

2
0

1
.
6

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
1
6
6
3

8
2
.
8

5
.
0

2
2
0
2

1
1
2

5
.
1

2
7
9
3

1
4
7

5
.
3

5
1
2
4

1
8
9

3
.
7

2
3
4
8

1
5
8

6
.
7

3
2
9
8

2
6
8

8
.
1

4
1
2

8
.
0

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
L
o
w

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
5
3
4
8

3
7
3
.
1

7
.
0

6
7
8
3

4
0
7

6
.
0

9
6
1
7

4
3
5

4
.
5

1
9
7
8
7

4
4
0

2
.
2

H
i
g
h

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
7
4
7
3

5
0
3

6
.
7

1
1
6
6
0

7
2
2

6
.
2

1
1
1
3

5
.
6

N
o
t
e
s
:

(
a
)

N
u
c
l
e
a
r

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s

t
a
k
e

i
n
t
o

a
c
c
o
u
n
t

t
h
e

s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
d

r
e
t
i
r
e
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
h
e

o
l
d
e
r

u
n
i
t
s

a
t

t
h
e

e
n
d

o
f

t
h
e
i
r

l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e
.

(
b
)

P
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

f
i
g
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
o
t
a
l

e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
e
s

a
r
e

t
h
e

a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
i
c

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

l
o
w

a
n
d

h
i
g
h

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
.
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
G
W
(
e
)
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
G
W
(
e
)
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
G
W
(
e
)
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
G
W
(
e
)
18
North Latin Western Eastern Africa Middle East & South East Asia Far East
America America Europe Europe South Asia & the Pacific
FIGURE 2. TOTAL AND NUCLEAR ELECTRICAL
GENERATING CAPACITY
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Total Capacity - High Estimate
Total Capacity - Low Estimate
Nuclear Contribution - High Estimate
Nuclear Contribution - Low Estimate
G
W
(
e
)
GENERATING CAPACITY
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
G
W
(
e
)
19
GENERATING CAPACITY
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
G
W
(
e
)
T
A
B
L
E

4
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

T
O
T
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y

G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

A
N
D

C
O
N
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N

B
Y

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

P
O
W
E
R

(
*
)
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0

2
0
5
0

(
a
)
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
4
6
4
5

8
5
9
.
8

1
8
.
5

4
9
0
4

9
2
8

1
8
.
9

5
1
4
4

7
9
4

1
5
.
4

5
6
7
5

5
1
4

9
.
1

4
9
3
4

9
7
9

1
9
.
8

5
2
5
4

1
1
2
5

2
1
.
4

1
3
1
2

2
3
.
1

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
4
0
4

2
9
.
5

2
.
1

2
0
4
6

3
5

1
.
7

3
4
1
0

5
6

1
.
6

7
1
3
4

1
0
5

1
.
5

2
2
1
9

4
5

2
.
0

5
0
1
7

1
1
5

2
.
3

4
7
5

6
.
7

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
3
1
3
5

7
7
4
.
4

2
4
.
7

3
5
3
2

7
0
0

1
9
.
8

4
0
0
6

5
3
7

1
3
.
4

5
8
0
4

2
6
7

4
.
6

3
6
8
1

8
6
9

2
3
.
6

4
7
2
1

9
7
9

2
0
.
7

1
1
0
6

1
9
.
1

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
1
8
1
3

3
4
1
.
8

1
8
.
8

2
1
5
2

4
7
9

2
2
.
3

2
5
4
3

6
2
5

2
4
.
6

3
6
6
5

6
3
7

1
7
.
4

2
2
2
2

5
5
6

2
5
.
0

3
0
6
3

8
1
6

2
6
.
7

1
1
1
3

3
0
.
4

A
f
r
i
c
a
6
8
8

1
2
.
4

1
.
8

1
1
9
3

1
4

1
.
2

2
3
3
2

4
0

1
.
7

8
4
7
6

8
2

1
.
0

1
3
8
0

1
4

1
.
0

3
2
3
3

7
8

2
.
4

3
4
2

4
.
0

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
1
9
2
7

3
6
.
3

1
.
9

2
4
6
2

9
1

3
.
7

5
4
2
5

2
1
5

4
.
0

1
9
2
0
7

3
7
7

2
.
0

3
0
7
6

1
5
2

4
.
9

6
3
5
2

4
2
9

6
.
8

1
1
4
2

5
.
9

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
8
2
7

1
0
6
2

1
6
8
9

0

0
.
0

4
4
4
9

4
0

0
.
9

1
1
0
2

1
9
4
3

3
2

1
.
6

1
6
1

3
.
6

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
6
4
1
7

2
9
2
.
1

4
.
6

7
5
1
6

8
3
0

1
1
.
0

9
9
1
0

1
1
6
0

1
1
.
7

2
0
0
2
3

1
5
2
5

7
.
6

8
5
9
6

1
1
7
6

1
3
.
7

1
2
7
0
4

2
1
1
5

1
6
.
6

3
3
1
9

1
6
.
6

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
L
o
w

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
2
0
8
5
5

2
3
4
6
.
3

1
1
.
3

2
4
8
6
7

3
0
7
8

1
2
.
4

3
4
4
5
8

3
4
2
6

9
.
9

7
4
4
3
3

3
5
4
8

4
.
8

H
i
g
h

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
2
7
2
1
0

3
7
9
0

1
3
.
9

4
2
2
8
7

5
6
8
9

1
3
.
5

8
9
7
1

1
2
.
1

N
o
t
e
s
:

(
*
)

T
h
e

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

d
a
t
a

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

t
h
i
s

t
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

d
a
t
a

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

T
a
b
l
e

3

c
a
n
n
o
t

b
e

u
s
e
d

t
o

c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

a
n
n
u
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

f
a
c
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

p
l
a
n
t
s
,

a
s

T
a
b
l
e

3

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s

y
e
a
r
-
e
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
n
d

n
o
t

t
h
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

o
v
e
r

t
h
e

y
e
a
r
.

(
a
)

P
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

f
i
g
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
o
t
a
l

e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

t
h
e

a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
i
c

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

l
o
w

a
n
d

h
i
g
h

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
.
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
21
T
A
B
L
E

4
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

T
O
T
A
L

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y

G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

A
N
D

C
O
N
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N

B
Y

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

P
O
W
E
R

(
*
)
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0

2
0
5
0

(
a
)
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
T
W
h
%
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
4
6
4
5

8
5
9
.
8

1
8
.
5

4
9
0
4

9
2
8

1
8
.
9

5
1
4
4

7
9
4

1
5
.
4

5
6
7
5

5
1
4

9
.
1

4
9
3
4

9
7
9

1
9
.
8

5
2
5
4

1
1
2
5

2
1
.
4

1
3
1
2

2
3
.
1

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
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c
a
1
4
0
4

2
9
.
5

2
.
1

2
0
4
6

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5

1
.
7

3
4
1
0

5
6

1
.
6

7
1
3
4

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0
5

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.
5

2
2
1
9

4
5

2
.
0

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1
7

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1
5

2
.
3

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7
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6
.
7

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
3
1
3
5

7
7
4
.
4

2
4
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7

3
5
3
2

7
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0

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9
.
8

4
0
0
6

5
3
7

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3
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4

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8
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4

2
6
7

4
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6

3
6
8
1

8
6
9

2
3
.
6

4
7
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1

9
7
9

2
0
.
7

1
1
0
6

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9
.
1

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
1
8
1
3

3
4
1
.
8

1
8
.
8

2
1
5
2

4
7
9

2
2
.
3

2
5
4
3

6
2
5

2
4
.
6

3
6
6
5

6
3
7

1
7
.
4

2
2
2
2

5
5
6

2
5
.
0

3
0
6
3

8
1
6

2
6
.
7

1
1
1
3

3
0
.
4

A
f
r
i
c
a
6
8
8

1
2
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4

1
.
8

1
1
9
3

1
4

1
.
2

2
3
3
2

4
0

1
.
7

8
4
7
6

8
2

1
.
0

1
3
8
0

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4

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.
0

3
2
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7
8

2
.
4

3
4
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4
.
0

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
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d

S
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h

A
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i
a
1
9
2
7

3
6
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3

1
.
9

2
4
6
2

9
1

3
.
7

5
4
2
5

2
1
5

4
.
0

1
9
2
0
7

3
7
7

2
.
0

3
0
7
6

1
5
2

4
.
9

6
3
5
2

4
2
9

6
.
8

1
1
4
2

5
.
9

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
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a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
8
2
7

1
0
6
2

1
6
8
9

0

0
.
0

4
4
4
9

4
0

0
.
9

1
1
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2

1
9
4
3

3
2

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6

1
6
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3
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6

F
a
r

E
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s
t
6
4
1
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2
9
2
.
1

4
.
6

7
5
1
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8
3
0

1
1
.
0

9
9
1
0

1
1
6
0

1
1
.
7

2
0
0
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3

1
5
2
5

7
.
6

8
5
9
6

1
1
7
6

1
3
.
7

1
2
7
0
4

2
1
1
5

1
6
.
6

3
3
1
9

1
6
.
6

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
L
o
w

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
2
0
8
5
5

2
3
4
6
.
3

1
1
.
3

2
4
8
6
7

3
0
7
8

1
2
.
4

3
4
4
5
8

3
4
2
6

9
.
9

7
4
4
3
3

3
5
4
8

4
.
8

H
i
g
h

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
2
7
2
1
0

3
7
9
0

1
3
.
9

4
2
2
8
7

5
6
8
9

1
3
.
5

8
9
7
1

1
2
.
1

N
o
t
e
s
:

(
*
)

T
h
e

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

d
a
t
a

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

t
h
i
s

t
a
b
l
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

d
a
t
a

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d

i
n

T
a
b
l
e

3

c
a
n
n
o
t

b
e

u
s
e
d

t
o

c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

a
n
n
u
a
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

f
a
c
t
o
r
s

f
o
r

n
u
c
l
e
a
r

p
l
a
n
t
s
,

a
s

T
a
b
l
e

3

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s

y
e
a
r
-
e
n
d

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
n
d

n
o
t

t
h
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

o
v
e
r

t
h
e

y
e
a
r
.

(
a
)

P
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

f
i
g
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
o
t
a
l

e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

t
h
e

a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
i
c

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

l
o
w

a
n
d

h
i
g
h

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
.
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
T
o
t
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
.
T
W
h
22
FIGURE 3. PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLIED
BY NUCLEAR POWER

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Nuclear Low Estimate
Nuclear High Estimate
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

(
%
)
BY NUCLEAR POWER

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

(
%
)
23
BY NUCLEAR POWER

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

(
%
)
T
A
B
L
E

5
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

T
O
T
A
L

E
N
E
R
G
Y

R
E
Q
U
I
R
E
M
E
N
T

(
E
J
)
,

P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E

U
S
E
D

F
O
R

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y

G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
,

A
N
D

P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E

S
U
P
P
L
I
E
D

B
Y

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

E
N
E
R
G
Y

(
*
)
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

(
a
)
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
0
4
.
7

4
1
.
1

9
.
0

1
0
4

4
4

9
.
7

1
0
4

4
6

8
.
3

1
0
5

5
0

5
.
5

1
1
1

4
1

9
.
6

1
1
0

4
5

1
1
.
2

1
3
.
3

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
3
6
.
3

2
5
.
5

0
.
9

5
1

2
7

0
.
8

6
3

3
6

1
.
0

1
0
9

4
3

1
.
3

5
3

2
8

0
.
9

8
7

3
8

1
.
4

4
.
0

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
6
6
.
2

3
8
.
5

1
2
.
8

7
2

3
9

1
0
.
6

8
1

3
8

7
.
3

9
5

4
7

3
.
3

7
4

4
0

1
2
.
8

8
8

4
3

1
2
.
1

1
2
.
0

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
5
8
.
4

3
8
.
6

6
.
4

6
4

4
1

8
.
2

6
6

4
7

1
0
.
3

9
1

5
0

8
.
3

6
7

4
1

9
.
0

8
0

4
7

1
1
.
2

1
2
.
3

A
f
r
i
c
a
3
1
.
8

2
1
.
8

0
.
4

3
6

3
3

0
.
4

5
6

4
2

0
.
8

2
0
3

4
2

0
.
7

4
0

3
5

0
.
4

9
7

3
4

0
.
9

1
.
4

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
7
5
.
6

3
3
.
2

0
.
5

9
4

3
4

1
.
1

1
6
0

4
4

1
.
5

4
9
3

5
1

0
.
9

1
1
0

3
6

1
.
5

1
8
3

4
5

2
.
6

2
.
3

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
2
6
.
7

3
2
.
0

3
0

3
6

4
1

4
3

0
.
0

1
0
0

4
6

0
.
5

3
2

3
5

4
2

4
7

0
.
8

1
.
7

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
1
5
2
.
1

4
0
.
8

2
.
1

1
8
3

4
0

5
.
0

2
3
2

4
2

5
.
5

4
0
0

4
9

4
.
7

1
9
9

4
2

6
.
5

2
9
4

4
2

7
.
8

8
.
1

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
L
o
w

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
5
5
1
.
8

3
6
.
8

4
.
6

6
3
5

3
8

5
.
3

8
0
3

4
2

4
.
7

1
5
9
5

4
8

2
.
7

H
i
g
h

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
6
8
6

3
9

6
.
0

9
8
0

4
3

6
.
3

5
.
6

N
o
t
e
s
:

(
*
)

T
o
t
a
l

e
n
e
r
g
y

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d

a
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
i
m
a
r
y

e
n
e
r
g
y

p
l
u
s

n
e
t

t
r
a
d
e

(
i
m
p
o
r
t

e
x
p
o
r
t
)

m
i
n
u
s

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

b
u
n
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

s
t
o
c
k

c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.

(
a
)

P
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

f
i
g
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
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t
a
l

e
n
e
r
g
y

r
e
q
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m
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t

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d

p
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r
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t
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e

u
s
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d

f
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r

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e
c
t
r
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c
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t
y

g
e
n
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r
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t
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n

a
r
e

t
h
e

a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
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c

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
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n

l
o
w

a
n
d

h
i
g
h

e
s
t
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m
a
t
e
s
.
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
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r
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m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
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l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
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e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
25
T
A
B
L
E

5
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

T
O
T
A
L

E
N
E
R
G
Y

R
E
Q
U
I
R
E
M
E
N
T

(
E
J
)
,

P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E

U
S
E
D

F
O
R

E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y

G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
,

A
N
D

P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E

S
U
P
P
L
I
E
D

B
Y

N
U
C
L
E
A
R

E
N
E
R
G
Y

(
*
)
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

(
a
)
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
0
4
.
7

4
1
.
1

9
.
0

1
0
4

4
4

9
.
7

1
0
4

4
6

8
.
3

1
0
5

5
0

5
.
5

1
1
1

4
1

9
.
6

1
1
0

4
5

1
1
.
2

1
3
.
3

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
3
6
.
3

2
5
.
5

0
.
9

5
1

2
7

0
.
8

6
3

3
6

1
.
0

1
0
9

4
3

1
.
3

5
3

2
8

0
.
9

8
7

3
8

1
.
4

4
.
0

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
6
6
.
2

3
8
.
5

1
2
.
8

7
2

3
9

1
0
.
6

8
1

3
8

7
.
3

9
5

4
7

3
.
3

7
4

4
0

1
2
.
8

8
8

4
3

1
2
.
1

1
2
.
0

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
5
8
.
4

3
8
.
6

6
.
4

6
4

4
1

8
.
2

6
6

4
7

1
0
.
3

9
1

5
0

8
.
3

6
7

4
1

9
.
0

8
0

4
7

1
1
.
2

1
2
.
3

A
f
r
i
c
a
3
1
.
8

2
1
.
8

0
.
4

3
6

3
3

0
.
4

5
6

4
2

0
.
8

2
0
3

4
2

0
.
7

4
0

3
5

0
.
4

9
7

3
4

0
.
9

1
.
4

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
7
5
.
6

3
3
.
2

0
.
5

9
4

3
4

1
.
1

1
6
0

4
4

1
.
5

4
9
3

5
1

0
.
9

1
1
0

3
6

1
.
5

1
8
3

4
5

2
.
6

2
.
3

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
2
6
.
7

3
2
.
0

3
0

3
6

4
1

4
3

0
.
0

1
0
0

4
6

0
.
5

3
2

3
5

4
2

4
7

0
.
8

1
.
7

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
1
5
2
.
1

4
0
.
8

2
.
1

1
8
3

4
0

5
.
0

2
3
2

4
2

5
.
5

4
0
0

4
9

4
.
7

1
9
9

4
2

6
.
5

2
9
4

4
2

7
.
8

8
.
1

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
L
o
w

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
5
5
1
.
8

3
6
.
8

4
.
6

6
3
5

3
8

5
.
3

8
0
3

4
2

4
.
7

1
5
9
5

4
8

2
.
7

H
i
g
h

E
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
6
8
6

3
9

6
.
0

9
8
0

4
3

6
.
3

5
.
6

N
o
t
e
s
:

(
*
)

T
o
t
a
l

e
n
e
r
g
y

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t

i
s

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d

a
s

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
r
i
m
a
r
y

e
n
e
r
g
y

p
l
u
s

n
e
t

t
r
a
d
e

(
i
m
p
o
r
t

e
x
p
o
r
t
)

m
i
n
u
s

i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

b
u
n
k
e
r
s

a
n
d

s
t
o
c
k

c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.

(
a
)

P
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

f
i
g
u
r
e
s

f
o
r

t
o
t
a
l

e
n
e
r
g
y

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

u
s
e
d

f
o
r

e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

a
r
e

t
h
e

a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
i
c

a
v
e
r
a
g
e

b
e
t
w
e
e
n

l
o
w

a
n
d

h
i
g
h

e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
s
.
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
T
o
t
a
l

E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
%

U
s
e
d

f
o
r
E
l
e
c
t
.

G
e
n
.
%

S
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
b
y

N
u
c
l
e
a
r
26
FIGURE 4. ESTIMATES OF TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Total - High Estimate
Total Low Estimate
Nuclear - Low Estimate
E
J

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Total Low Estimate
E
J
27

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Total Low Estimate
E
J
29
T
A
B
L
E

6
.

T
O
T
A
L

E
N
E
R
G
Y

R
E
Q
U
I
R
E
M
E
N
T

(
E
J
)

B
Y

T
Y
P
E

O
F

F
U
E
L

I
N

2
0
1
2

(
*
)

C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
S
o
l
i
d
s

(
a
)
L
i
q
u
i
d
s
G
a
s
e
s
B
i
o
f
u
e
l
s

(
b
)
H
y
d
r
o
N
u
c
l
e
a
r
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
s

(
c
)
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
9
.
0
3

3
4
.
9
9

3
1
.
8
6

5
.
8
6

2
.
4
7

9
.
3
8

1
.
1
2

1
0
4
.
7
1

L
a
t
i
n

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
1
.
6
8

1
6
.
3
8

9
.
1
1

5
.
6
6

2
.
7
4

0
.
3
2

0
.
4
5

3
6
.
3
4

W
e
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
9
.
6
7

2
1
.
6
5

1
8
.
1
7

4
.
7
4

2
.
1
0

8
.
4
5

1
.
4
4

6
6
.
2
1

E
a
s
t
e
r
n

E
u
r
o
p
e
1
1
.
9
4

1
2
.
3
2

2
7
.
9
4

1
.
4
1

1
.
0
0

3
.
7
3

0
.
0
4

5
8
.
3
8

A
f
r
i
c
a
4
.
8
9

8
.
5
4

4
.
6
8

1
3
.
0
5

0
.
4
2

0
.
1
4

0
.
1
2

3
1
.
8
3

M
i
d
d
l
e

E
a
s
t

a
n
d

S
o
u
t
h

A
s
i
a
1
9
.
1
6

2
4
.
6
9

2
0
.
2
5

1
0
.
3
3

0
.
6
6

0
.
4
0

0
.
1
1

7
5
.
6
1

S
o
u
t
h

E
a
s
t

A
s
i
a

a
n
d

t
h
e

P
a
c
i
f
i
c
6
.
1
5

9
.
2
5

6
.
2
7

4
.
2
7

0
.
2
6

0
.
4
6

2
6
.
6
6

F
a
r

E
a
s
t
8
9
.
6
0

3
6
.
3
9

1
4
.
0
4

4
.
2
9

3
.
7
4

3
.
1
9

0
.
8
4

1
5
2
.
0
9

W
o
r
l
d

T
o
t
a
l
1
6
2
.
1
2

1
6
4
.
2
2

1
3
2
.
3
2

4
9
.
6
0

1
3
.
4
0

2
5
.
6
0

4
.
5
7

5
5
1
.
8
3

N
o
t
e
s
:
(
*
)

T
o
t
a
l

e
n
e
r
g
y

r
e
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30
FIGURE 5. TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT BY FUEL TYPE
IN 2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
E
J
IN 2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
E
J
31
IN 2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
E
J
32
FIGURE 6. BREAKDOWN OF WORLD TOTAL ENERGY
REQUIREMENT DURING THE PERIOD 1970 2012
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Year
E
J
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Year
E
J
33
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Renewables
Nuclear
Hydro
Biofuels
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Year
E
J
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(
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39
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E

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F

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(
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(
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r
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(
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2
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5
0
40
FIGURE 7. POPULATION ESTIMATES

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
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0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
M
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l
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s

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f

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2
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3
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2
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
M
i
l
l
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n
s

o
f

I
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b
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t
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t
s
41

2
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0

2
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1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
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2
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0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
M
i
l
l
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s

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f

I
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b
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t
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t
s
43
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B
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E

1
1
.

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(
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N
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(
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(
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44
FIGURE 8. TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT PER CAPITA

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
High Estimate
Low Estimate
G
J

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
High Estimate
Low Estimate
G
J

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a
45

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
High Estimate
Low Estimate
G
J

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a
46
FIGURE 9. TOTAL ELECTRICITY REQUIREMENT PER CAPITA

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
High Estimate
Low Estimate
M
W
h

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
High Estimate
Low Estimate
M
W
h

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a
47

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

2
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
High Estimate
Low Estimate
M
W
h

p
e
r

c
a
p
i
t
a
49
T
A
B
L
E

1
2
.

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V
E
R
A
G
E

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N
N
U
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L

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R
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T
H

R
A
T
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S

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R
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N
G

T
H
E

P
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R
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D

2
0
0
2
2
0
1
2

(
%
)

C
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t
r
y

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p
P
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l
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t
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l

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y
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l

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r

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r

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50
FIGURE 10. AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES
DURING THE PERIOD 2002 2012
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Population
Total Energy
Total Electricity
Nuclear Energy
A
n
n
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a
l

G
r
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w
t
h

R
a
t
e

(
%
)
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0
1
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3
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5
6
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8
Population
Total Energy
Total Electricity
Nuclear Energy
A
n
n
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l

G
r
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w
t
h

R
a
t
e

(
%
)
51
-5
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Population
Total Energy
Total Electricity
Nuclear Energy
A
n
n
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G
r
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w
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h

R
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e

(
%
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T
A
B
L
E

1
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2
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0

(
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.
7

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4

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7
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0

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6
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7

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9
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7

M
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d
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a
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A
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i
a
1
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.
0

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.
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6
.
9

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0
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4

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4
.
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8
.
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S
o
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d

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f
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c
1
.
1

2
.
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4
.
0

4
.
9

F
a
r

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a
s
t
0
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3

2
.
4

3
.
7

2
.
4

3
.
9

8
.
0

1
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.
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3
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2

6
.
7

W
o
r
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d

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v
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a
g
e
0
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9

2
.
1

3
.
2

2
.
8

4
.
0

2
.
1

5
.
0

0
.
9

3
.
7

53
T
A
B
L
E

1
3
.

E
S
T
I
M
A
T
E
S

O
F

A
V
E
R
A
G
E

A
N
N
U
A
L

G
R
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W
T
H

R
A
T
E
S

D
U
R
I
N
G

T
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E

P
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R
I
O
D

2
0
1
2
2
0
3
0

(
%
)
C
o
u
n
t
r
y

G
r
o
u
p
P
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p
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l
a
t
i
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n
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t
a
l

E
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y
T
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a
l

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e
c
t
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c
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t
y
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c
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r

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y
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e
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r

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y
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h

A
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r
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a
0
.
6

0
.
0

0
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3

0
.
6

0
.
7

-
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.
4

1
.
5

-
0
.
8

1
.
2

L
a
t
i
n

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c
a
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9

3
.
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5
.
0

5
.
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7
.
3

3
.
6

7
.
9

2
.
7

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.
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0
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.
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1
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.
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3

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.
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3
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3
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2
.
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A
f
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a
2
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3
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6
.
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7
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0

9
.
0

6
.
7

1
0
.
7

5
.
7

9
.
7

M
i
d
d
l
e

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a
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t

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d

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A
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i
a
1
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.
0

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.
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0
.
4

1
4
.
7

8
.
7

1
3
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0

S
o
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a
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1
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.
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4
.
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F
a
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t
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.
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2
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.
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W
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v
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0
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2
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3
.
2

2
.
8

4
.
0

2
.
1

5
.
0

0
.
9

3
.
7

@
No. 22
Where to order IAEA publications
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listed below, or from major local booksellers. Payment may be made in local
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Email: nakup@suweco.cz Web site: http://www.suweco.cz
FINLAND
Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, PO BOX 128 (Keskuskatu 1), FIN-00101 Helsinki
Telephone: +358 9 121 41 Fax: +358 9 121 4450
Email: akatilaus@akateeminen.com Web site: http://www.akateeminen.com
FRANCE
Form-Edit, 5, rue Janssen, P.O. Box 25, F-75921 Paris Cedex 19
Telephone: +33 1 42 01 49 49 Fax: +33 1 42 01 90 90
Email: formedit@formedit.fr Web site: http://www. formedit.fr
Lavoisier SAS, 145 rue de Provigny, 94236 Cachan Cedex
Telephone: + 33 1 47 40 67 02 Fax +33 1 47 40 67 02
Email: romuald.verrier@lavoisier.fr Web site: http://www.lavoisier.fr
GERMANY
UNO-Verlag, Vertriebs- und Verlags GmbH, Am Hofgarten 10, D-53113 Bonn
Telephone: + 49 228 94 90 20 Fax: +49 228 94 90 20 or +49 228 94 90 222
Email: bestellung@uno-verlag.de Web site: http://www.uno-verlag.de
HUNGARY
Librotrade Ltd., Book Import, P.O. Box 126, H-1656 Budapest
Telephone: +36 1 257 7777 Fax: +36 1 257 7472 Email: books@librotrade.hu
INDIA
Allied Publishers Group, 1st Floor, Dubash House, 15, J. N. Heredia Marg, Ballard Estate,
Mumbai 400 001,
Telephone: +91 22 22617926/27 Fax: +91 22 22617928
Email: alliedpl@vsnl.com Web site: http://www.alliedpublishers.com
Bookwell, 2/72, Nirankari Colony, Delhi 110009
Telephone: +91 11 23268786, +91 11 23257264 Fax: +91 11 23281315
Email: bookwell@vsnl.net
ITALY
Libreria Scientifica Dott. Lucio di Biasio AEIOU, Via Coronelli 6, I-20146 Milan
Telephone: +39 02 48 95 45 52 or 48 95 45 62 Fax: +39 02 48 95 45 48
Email: info@libreriaaeiou.eu Website: www.libreriaaeiou.eu
@
No. 22
Where to order IAEA publications
In the following countries IAEA publications may be purchased from the sources
listed below, or from major local booksellers. Payment may be made in local
currency or with UNESCO coupons.
AUSTRALIA
DA Information Services, 648 Whitehorse Road, MITCHAM 3132
Telephone: +61 3 9210 7777 Fax: +61 3 9210 7788
BELGIUM
Jean de Lannoy, avenue du Roi 202, B-1190 Brussels
Telephone: +32 2 538 43 08 Fax: +32 2 538 08 41
Email: jean.de.lannoy@infoboard.be Web site: http://www.jean-de-lannoy.be
CANADA
Bernan Associates, 4501 Forbes Blvd, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706-4346, USA
Telephone: 1-800-865-3457 Fax: 1-800-865-3450
Renouf Publishing Company Ltd., 1-5369 Canotek Rd., Ottawa, Ontario, K1J 9J3
Telephone: +613 745 2665 Fax: +613 745 7660
CHINA
IAEA Publications in Chinese: China Nuclear Energy Industry Corporation, Translation Section,
P.O. Box 2103, Beijing
CZECH REPUBLIC
Suweco CZ, S.R.O., Klecakova 347, 180 21 Praha 9
Telephone: +420 26603 5364 Fax: +420 28482 1646
Email: nakup@suweco.cz Web site: http://www.suweco.cz
FINLAND
Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, PO BOX 128 (Keskuskatu 1), FIN-00101 Helsinki
Telephone: +358 9 121 41 Fax: +358 9 121 4450
Email: akatilaus@akateeminen.com Web site: http://www.akateeminen.com
FRANCE
Form-Edit, 5, rue Janssen, P.O. Box 25, F-75921 Paris Cedex 19
Telephone: +33 1 42 01 49 49 Fax: +33 1 42 01 90 90
Email: formedit@formedit.fr Web site: http://www. formedit.fr
Lavoisier SAS, 145 rue de Provigny, 94236 Cachan Cedex
Telephone: + 33 1 47 40 67 02 Fax +33 1 47 40 67 02
Email: romuald.verrier@lavoisier.fr Web site: http://www.lavoisier.fr
GERMANY
UNO-Verlag, Vertriebs- und Verlags GmbH, Am Hofgarten 10, D-53113 Bonn
Telephone: + 49 228 94 90 20 Fax: +49 228 94 90 20 or +49 228 94 90 222
Email: bestellung@uno-verlag.de Web site: http://www.uno-verlag.de
HUNGARY
Librotrade Ltd., Book Import, P.O. Box 126, H-1656 Budapest
Telephone: +36 1 257 7777 Fax: +36 1 257 7472 Email: books@librotrade.hu
INDIA
Allied Publishers Group, 1st Floor, Dubash House, 15, J. N. Heredia Marg, Ballard Estate,
Mumbai 400 001,
Telephone: +91 22 22617926/27 Fax: +91 22 22617928
Email: alliedpl@vsnl.com Web site: http://www.alliedpublishers.com
Bookwell, 2/72, Nirankari Colony, Delhi 110009
Telephone: +91 11 23268786, +91 11 23257264 Fax: +91 11 23281315
Email: bookwell@vsnl.net
ITALY
Libreria Scientifica Dott. Lucio di Biasio AEIOU, Via Coronelli 6, I-20146 Milan
Telephone: +39 02 48 95 45 52 or 48 95 45 62 Fax: +39 02 48 95 45 48
Email: info@libreriaaeiou.eu Website: www.libreriaaeiou.eu
JAPAN
Maruzen Company Ltd, 1-9-18, Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0022
Telephone: +81 3 6367 6079 Fax: +81 3 6367 6207
Email: journal@maruzen.co.jp Web site: http://www.maruzen.co.jp
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
KINS Inc., Information Business Dept. Samho Bldg. 2nd Floor, 275-1 Yang Jae-dong SeoCho-G,
Seoul 137-130
Telephone: +02 589 1740 Fax: +02 589 1746 Web site: http://www.kins.re.kr
NETHERLANDS
De Lindeboom Internationale Publicaties B.V., M.A. de Ruyterstraat 20A, NL-7482 BZ
Haaksbergen
Telephone: +31 (0) 53 5740004 Fax: +31 (0) 53 5729296
Email: books@delindeboom.com Web site: http://www.delindeboom.com
Martinus Nijhoff International, Koraalrood 50, P.O. Box 1853, 2700 CZ Zoetermeer
Telephone: +31 793 684 400 Fax: +31 793 615 698
Email: info@nijhoff.nl Web site: http://www.nijhoff.nl
Swets and Zeitlinger b.v., P.O. Box 830, 2160 SZ Lisse
Telephone: +31 252 435 111 Fax: +31 252 415 888
Email: infoho@swets.nl Web site: http://www.swets.nl
NEW ZEALAND
DA Information Services, 648 Whitehorse Road, MITCHAM 3132, Australia
Telephone: +61 3 9210 7777 Fax: +61 3 9210 7788
SLOVENIA
Cankarjeva Zalozba d.d., Kopitarjeva 2, SI-1512 Ljubljana
Telephone: +386 1 432 31 44 Fax: +386 1 230 14 35
Email: import.books@cankarjeva-z.si Web site: http://www.cankarjeva-z.si/uvoz
SPAIN
Daz de Santos, S.A., c/ Juan Bravo, 3A, E-28006 Madrid
Telephone: +34 91 781 94 80 Fax: +34 91 575 55 63
Email: compras@diazdesantos.es, carmela@diazdesantos.es, barcelona@diazdesantos.es,
julio@diazdesantos.es
Web site: http://www.diazdesantos.es
UNITED KINGDOM
The Stationery Office Ltd, International Sales Agency, PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1 GN
Telephone (orders): +44 870 600 5552 (enquiries): +44 207 873 8372 Fax: +44 207 873 8203
Email (orders): book.orders@tso.co.uk (enquiries): book.enquiries@tso.co.uk Web site: http://
www.tso.co.uk
On-line orders
DELTA Int. Book Wholesalers Ltd., 39 Alexandra Road, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 2PQ
Email: info@profbooks.com Web site: http://www.profbooks.com
Books on the Environment
Earthprint Ltd., P.O. Box 119, Stevenage SG1 4TP
Telephone: +44 1438748111 Fax: +44 1438748844
Email: orders@earthprint.com Web site: http://www.earthprint.com
UNITED NATIONS
Dept. I004, Room DC2-0853, First Avenue at 46th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017, USA
(UN) Telephone: +800 253-9646 or +212 963-8302 Fax: +212 963-3489
Email: publications@un.org Web site: http://www.un.org
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Bernan Associates, 4501 Forbes Blvd., Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706-4346
Telephone: 1-800-865-3457 Fax: 1-800-865-3450
Renouf Publishing Company Ltd., 812 Proctor Ave., Ogdensburg, NY, 13669
Telephone: +888 551 7470 (toll-free) Fax: +888 568 8546 (toll-free)
Orders and requests for information may also be addressed directly to:
Marketing and Sales Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
Telephone: +43 1 2600 22529 (or 22530) Fax: +43 1 2600 29302
Email: sales.publications@iaea.org Web site: http://www.iaea.org/books
1
3
-
3
0
3
6
1
VIENNA
ISBN 978-92-0-111910-0
ISSN 1011-2642
@
2013 Edition
Energy,
Electricity and
Nuclear Power
Estimates
for the Period
up to 2050

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