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Specific gravity/density
mt.com/Density
of liquids - measured with high accuracy. By METTLER TOLEDO!
eHow »Hobbies, Games & Toys »Science & Nature »Science » How to Calculate Densities at Various Temperatures

How to Calculate Densities at Various

Temperatures
By Athena Hessong, eHow Contributor , last updated April 17, 2014

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To discover how temperature affects the density of a fluid

substance, use one of two methods depending on the fluid
you wish to measure. For gases, use an adaptation of the
Ideal Gas Law, which, when rewritten, gives you the
equation for density based on the temperature and
pressure. For other fluids such as water or alcohol, you
must use more information to find their densities at Related Ads
various temperatures. When you have all of the information required for the calculation, Density
solving it just takes a little math.
Calculate
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Things You'll Need

Volumetric temperature expansion coefficient

for substance (m3/m3 degrees C) SPECIFIC
GRAVITY/DENSITY
Initial temperature (degrees C)

Check It Out
Final temperature (degrees C)
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Instructions measured with
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1 Subtract the final temperature in degrees Celsius from the METTLER How to Determine the
initial temperature in degrees Celsius. TOLEDO! Density of Water
For instance, a final temperature of 20 degrees C and an
initial temperature of 30 degrees Celsius would yield a
difference of: Density Vs.
Temperature
30 degrees C -- 20 degrees C = 10 degrees C.

2 Multiply this temperature difference by the volumetric

How to Calculate the
temperature expansion coefficient for the substance being Viscosity of Oil at
measured, and add one to this number. Different Temperatures
If using water, for the example, use its volumetric
temperature expansion coefficient (0.0002 m3/m3 degrees C) and multiply it by the Temperature Effects on
temperature difference of the example: Density
10 degrees C = 0.0002 x 10 = 0.002.
Add one to this number to get: 1 + 0.002 = 1.002.
How to Calculate
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Calculators: Different Calculators For Every Situation - Free! The Density of Water
calculator.utilitychest.com Versus Temperature

3 Divide the initial density of the fluid by this number to find the final density at the new
temperature. If the initial density of the water was 1000 kg/m3 then divide this by 1.002 How to Calculate
to find the final density: Density of a Gas
1000/1.002 = 998 kg/m3.

Find the Density of Gases How to Practice Density

Calculations

4 Add 273.15 to the degrees in Celsius to find the degrees in Kelvin. For instance, a
temperature of 10 degrees C =
10 + 273.15 = 283.15 Kelvin

5 Multiply the temperature in Kelvin by the gas constant. In dry air with a gas constant of
287.05 J/(kg*degreesK)
283.15 x 287.05 = 81278.21

6 Divide this number by the current pressure measured in Pascals to find the density in
kg/m3. For instance, a pressure of 10,000 Pascals would result in
10,000 Pascals/81278.21 = 0.123 kg/m3
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Tips & Warnings

Some commonly used volumetric expansion coefficients include:

water : 0.0002 (m3/m3 oC)

ethyl alcohol : 0.0011 (m3/m3 oC)

For the gas constant of dry air, use: 287.05 J/(kg*degK)

You will need to know the pressure of a gas measured with the unit Pascals. If you only
have the pressure in mb, multiply the pressure in mb by100 to convert the pressure of the
gas to Pascals. (see reference 1)

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References
Wahiduddin: Air Density

Engineering Toolbox: Density Temperature Pressure

Photo Credit thermometer image by Dron from Fotolia.com

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