Connections & Column Base - January 2003

FASTRAK PORTAL FRAME
Moment Connections, Column Base

Training Course

CSC (UK) Ltd
Yeadon House
New Street
Pudsey
LEEDS
LS28 8AQ
England

FASTRAK Portal Frame Add-Ons

Information

General Information

CSC (UK) Ltd
Yeadon House
New Street
Pudsey
Leeds
LS28 8AQ

Tel: 0113 2393000
Fax: 0113 2553917

E-mail: support@cscworld.com
Internet Site: www.cscworld.com/

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proprietary rights with respect to this program package, consisting of all handbooks, drills, programs
recorded on CD and all related materials. This program package has been provided pursuant to an
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be construed in accordance with and enforced under the laws of the United Kingdom.

CSC Training documentation: CSC Training software
2001 CSC (UK) Limited 2001 CSC (UK) Limited
All rights reserved. All rights reserved


Information


Information

Agenda

Coffee & Registration
Moment Connection Design
Program Scope 1
Design Process 3
Setting Preferences 7
Exercise 1
Input of a Internal Beam to Column Connection 8
Creating a Report 18
Coffee
Exercise 2
Design of an Eaves Connection 21
Lunch
Column Base Design
Design Process 23
Exercise 1 - Simple Base 28
Exercise 2 - Moment Base 42
Creating a Report 51
Discussion and Finish


Information

Moment Connection Design

FASTRAK Moment Connections

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Moment Connections for Windows is an application for the design of bolted moment connections based
on the methods given in the BCSA\SCI publication, J oints in Steel Construction: Moment Connections.
The above publication itself is based on Annex J of Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures Part 1.1.

Program Scope

The program will design the following moment connections:

External beam to column.
Internal beam to column.
Beam to beam.
Both haunched and unhaunched connections.
Connections with extended endplates (both above and below the connection).

There are no automatic design routines in the program. It is written in such a way that when a check
fails, the corrective steps to be taken should be fairly apparent and quick to implement.

Limitations and Assumptions

Maximum of 2 bolts per row.
Maximum of two bolt rows in an endplate extension.
Connections to column webs not included.

1

INTRODUCTION
Typical Connections

External Beam to Column

Haunched Connections

Connections with Extended Endplates

Beam to Beam

2

DESIGN PROCESS

THE DESIGN PROCESS

Within an endplate type connection, the applied moment is transferred by tension in the bolts in
combination with compression in the opposite flange.

At ultimate limit state, rotation is generally assumed to take place about the centre of the compression
flange, with the bolt rows furthest from the compression flange tending to attract the most tension.
Traditionally a triangular distribution of forces has been assumed between this outer pair of bolts and
the centre of the compression flange.

The method adopted in the software is similar, in that it gives priority to the outer bolts, but it differs in
that it can assume a plastic distribution of bolt forces between these points. Thus, the force within a bolt
row is based on its potential resistance as well as its lever arm. Therefore bolts near a point of stiffness,
e.g. Beam Flange or Rib Stiffener will attract more load.

The advantage of this method is that the connection as a whole is not assumed to be overloaded simply
because one of the rows of bolts is subjected to more load than it can resist. Any overload is assumed
to be re-distributed to lower bolts if they have a reserve of capacity.

The following table summarises the checks that will be carried out by the software for each zone of the
connection. The checks cover stiffened and unstiffened capacities and stiffener capacity as appropriate.
Where a haunch is present, additional checks are carried out on the haunch to beam intersection.
3

DESIGN PROCESS

Zone Check
TENSION Bolt Tension
End Plate Bending
Column Flange Bending
Beam Web Tension
Column Web Tension
Flange\End Plate Weld
Web\End Plate Weld
HORIZONTAL
SHEAR
Column Web Panel Shear
COMPRESSION Beam Flange Compression
Flange\End Plate Weld
Column Web Bearing
Column Web Buckling
VERTICAL Web\End Plate Weld
SHEAR Bolt Shear
Bolt Bearing - Plate/Flange

Tension Zone Design Checks
Assuming that adequate welds have been provided, the resistance of any bolt row in the tension zone is
limited by the following: -

End Plate Bending and Bolt Strength
Column Flange Bending and Bolt Strength
Column Web Tension
Beam Web Tension
4

DESIGN PROCESS

For Column Flange and End Plate bending, the approach taken is that adopted and detailed in
Eurocode 3. This method converts the complex yield line patterns that occur around the bolts into a
series of equivalent 'tee-stubs'. The capacity of the tee-stub is then checked against three possible
modes of failure: -.

Mode 1 Complete yielding of the flange
Mode 2 Bolt failure with flange yielding
Mode 3 Bolt failure

The resistance of each bolt row is calculated one at a time, starting with the top row and working down
the face of the connection. This method automatically gives priority to Row 1, then to Row 2 etc. At
each stage, any bolts below the current row under consideration are ignored.

The tension in Row 1 is taken as the tension capacity of Row 1 acting alone. Subsequent rows are then
checked both in isolation and as part of a group in combination with successive rows above. Thus, for
example, the tension in Row 2 is taken as the minimum of either

the capacity of Row 2 acting in isolation or
the capacity of Row (2 +1) acting as a group minus the tension capacity already allocated
to Row 1.

Where a tension stiffener or beam flange acts as a divider between bolt groups then the row below the
stiffener can not be considered in combination with any row above it for that side of the connection.

When yielding of the beam web or column web is being considered, the approach taken will be to
assume a 60 spread of load out from the bolts.

5

DESIGN PROCESS
Compression Zone Design Checks
The design model assumes that compression on the beam side is carried entirely in the flange and
hence the centre of compression is taken to be at the centre of the flange. Due to the very local nature
of the stress concentration, confinement of the stress and the generation of strain hardening in the
compression flange, a 40% effective increase in strength is allowed.

However, in the presence of axial load, combined with large moments, it is possible for the compression
zone to spread up in to the beam web with a corresponding shift in the centre of compression. In these
instances, the lever arm of the bolts will be reduced accordingly and the capacity of the bolts
recalculated. In addition, the stress in this zone will be limited to 1.2 * py as the web of the beam is also
now being taken into account.

The web of the column will also be checked for bearing and buckling.

Shear Zone Design Checks
The column web and any associated stiffening will be checked to establish whether it can resist the
horizontal shear force generated by the connection.. In a single sided connection with no axial force,
the shear force is equal to the compressive force.

For a double sided connection with balanced moments and axials, the column web shear will be zero
and for the condition where the moments and axials are of opposite sign , the shear will be additive.

Stiffener Design Checks

Even though not explicitly covered within the EC3 design model, methods for stiffening the connection
will be provided and the appropriate design checks performed.

The following stiffener types will be permitted :-

Column Rib
Beam Rib
Full Depth - Compression or Tension
Morris
K
Diagonal, N
Cap Plate
Web Plate(s)
Loose Backing Plates
End Plate Extension Rib
6

Worked Examples

Setting Preferences
To speed up the definition the connections, many values are defaulted to sensible numbers. CSC has defined the
initial preferences, however the user can change these to more appropriate values that suit their way of working
1. From the File menu choose Preferences.
2. Click on each tab to review the items that can have preferences set. Do not change any of the settings for the
Units, Design, Stiffeners, Endplate or Plate.

3. On the Welds page change all the welds to Fillet 6.0 mm.
4. On the Bolts page change to M20 (Grade 8.8).
The altered preferences will be saved for future sessions.

7

Worked Examples

EXERCISE 1
Internal Beam to Column Connection

This example is taken from Appendix I of J oints in Steel Construction: Moment Connections. The purpose of this
exercise is to demonstrate how to use the program to check an existing connection.

UB 533x210x92 UC 254x254x107 UB 533x210x92

Endplate 660x250x25
Bolts: M24 (Grade 8.8)
Steel Grade S275

Design Forces
Left Hand Side Right Hand Side
Moment 400 kNm Moment 400 kNm
Shear 500 kN Shear 500 kN
Axial 0 kN Axial 0 kN
Factor 1.0 Factor 1.0
8

Worked Examples
Defining Connection Geometry
5. From File menu choose New Project and fill in the following project details

6. From the New Connection screen select the Internal Beam to Column icon and choose OK. A screen similar
to the one shown below should then be displayed.

9

Worked Examples
Connection Definition
7. Click with the left mouse button anywhere on the column to call up the Connection Properties.
8. Choose the column icon to the right of the column size to display the Steel Sections Data List.
9. Select a 254x254x107 UC as shown. Keep the steel as grade S275 and choose OK.

10. Next click on the left-hand beam tab to call up the left-hand beam properties. Use the data list to select a
533x210x92 UB again in grade S275 .
11. Repeat for the right hand beam and return to the Connection Definition screen.

12. Click on the left-hand end plate to display the left-hand end plate properties.
10

Worked Examples
13. Select the Endplate tab. Define the Top as Extended and input the Extension above top SOP as 90mm.
14. The bottom of the end plate is to remain Flush, but increase the Projection below the bottom SOP to 37mm.
15. The End Plate Thickness and Width should be set to 25mm and 250mm respectively.

16. Select the Bolt Layout tab. Change the bolts to M24 8.8 bolts by selecting them from the datalist. Leave the
gauge as 100mm.

17. Select the Bolt Layout tab. To position the single row of bolts in the extension input the 1st row offset above
top SOP as 40mm and the number of rows in the extension as 1.
11

Worked Examples
18. In the Tension Zone change the 1st row offset below SOP to 60mm and change the number of rows to 2.
Leave the pitch at 90mm.
19. The Shear Zone information does not need to be changed.

20. The Bolt List tab displays the bolt setting out information. By editing this data the user can re-position
individual bolt rows. This information does not need to be changed.

21. Select the Welds tab. Set the Tension Flange weld to 12mm, the Flange Compression weld to 8mm.
12

Worked Examples
22. Set both the Web Tension Zone and Web Shear Zone welds to 8mm.

13

Worked Examples
23. Choose OK to return to the Connection Definition screen and define the right hand end plate information in the
same way. Upon completion the screen should be as shown below.

14

Worked Examples
Loading Definition
24. From the Design menu choose Forces... to display the Design Combinations dialog.
25. On the Summary page choose Add... to create a combination.

26. Click on the Forces tab and define the loadcase as shown below:

15

Worked Examples

27. Before choosing OK to accept the data you can examine how the bolts have been allocated for this load case.
Choose Bolts and Welds tab.

By default if you have positive moments the program will automatically use the bolts which are positioned in the
Top Extension and Tension Zones to resist tension, while the other bolts are used to resist shear. If you have a
reversal condition i.e. negative moments , then the program will automatically reverse the way the bolts are used.
To change the way the bolts are used click on the shear symbol or tension symbol shown to the right side of the
bolt row.
In this example the default bolt usage is acceptable. Choose OK to return to the Design Case Details and OK
twice more to return to the Connection Definition screen.

28. On the Design Menu is a setting for Fixed Rotation. If this is ticked, the design uses a fixed rotation point
(taken as the mid point of the compression flange), If this is unticked the program will calculate a new position
of the rotation point. The latter method is adopted to allow the beam web to be utilised as well as the beam
compression flange in resisting the compression force. This reduces the lever arm of the bolts and can change
the bolt force distribution, thus affecting the moment capacity.
16

Worked Examples
29. To design the connection choose Connection from the Design menu. The Design Summary screen should be
displayed as shown below:

30. View the other pages to see the design results in more detail.

17

Worked Examples
Viewing and Formatting the Connection Report

31. Choose Report Contents from the File menu.

32. Click on the Report Level drop down list and select a Reduced Report Level.
33. Ensure that the Target Connection, Connection 1 is highlighted
34. Click on the Apply button to change the Report Level for Connection 1 from Summary to Reduced.
35. To customise the report contents further click on each of the Report Contents tabs to add or remove items
before clicking on OK.

18

Worked Examples
Moving about the report
There are two toolbars that can be used to view and move around the report:
View Toolbar
view First page
view Previous page
view Next page
view Last page
Report Toolbar
view Half page
view Full page
view Two pages
36. Experiment with using these toolbars.
The number of pages will be shown at the top of the screen.

Printing the Report
To print the report direct from Fastrak Moment Connection Design, select Print from the File menu and specify
the printer settings. A Print Preview is also available.
Exporting the Report
To export the report to Microsoft Word or CSC TEDDS, select the appropriate option from the File menu or
Report toolbar, Word or TEDDS will then be launched and the report will be imported. For large reports is may be
necessary to save a word document for the report information to be imported in to, if this is the case the message
below will be displayed.

Large reports may take sometime to import.
19

Worked Examples
20

Worked Examples
EXERCISE 2
Brief
Design the eaves connection shown below adding extra bolt rows and stiffening as necessary:

Geometry

Loading

21

Worked Examples

One Possible Solution

Step Governing Item Comments Action
1 Sum Pri +N
Insufficient Plate Bending or Bolts
strength
Add 1 Row of Bolts.
Increase width of End Plate to
180 mm.
2 Column Web Bearing Increase stiff bearing length
Add 12mm thick x 80mm wide
Full Depth Stiffener
3 Sum Pri +N
strength
Add 1 Row of Bolts
4 Column Web Bearing Increase Full Depth Stiffener Change to 25mm thick
5 Beam Flange Bearing
Rafter flange overstressed. Allow
excess to be taken by rafter web.
Remove fixed rotation.
6 Sum Pri +N
strength
Add Rib 2 to 3, 8mm thick x
80mm wide
7 Column Web Panel Shear Insufficient shear resistance
Delete Rib. Add Morris 1 to 2
12mm thick x 80mm wide
8 Sum Pri +N
strength
Add 1 Row of Bolts
9 Column Web Panel Shear Insufficient shear resistance
Increase Morris to 20mm thick,
80mm wide
10 Sum Pri +N
strength
Increase bolts to M24
11 Sum Pri +N
Increase to max haunch depth -
MOMENT PASS
12 Flange Welds Fail Welds insufficient Increse flange welds to 10mm
13 Shear. RH Morris Fail Welds insufficient
Increse flange & web welds to
10mm
14 ALL PASS. Moment Interaction 0.96

22

Column Base Design

FASTRAK Column Base Design

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Column Base is an application for the design of both simple and moment bases.
The theory for simple bases is established from the methods given in the publication, J oints in Simple
Construction, Volume 1: Design Methods, Second Edition, The Steel Construction Institute, 1993.
The theory for moment bases is established from the methods given in the BCSA\SCI publication,
J oints in Steel Construction: Moment Connections.

Program Scope

The Column Base Design application will allow you to define and check:
Simple Bases
Moment Bases
Stiffened Moment Bases.

Key features of Column Base Design
Column Base Design will check the base plate size and thickness, the shear resistance of the base, the
size of the foundation bolts, and the size and type of any welds that are required. For stiffened moment
bases the design will also check the size and thickness of any stiffening that is provided and the welds
required connecting the stiffeners to the other parts of the column base.

Throughout Column Base Design graphics are used to display the base plate in its current state. You
can therefore graphically see the base that you are defining and the results that the design process has
achieved. This allows you to see the effects of any modifications that you make, instantly on the screen.

Note: Simple Bases and Moment Bases adopt quite different design
models. You will find that a Moment Base with a very small moment will
not result in the same design as a Simple Base (zero moment) carrying
the same axial load. You should therefore judge whether the moment is
negligible for each such design. If it is you can design a Simple Base,
otherwise a Moment Base design will be appropriate.
23

DESIGN PROCESS
Simple Bases
For simple bases Column Base Design follows the procedures given in the Simple Connections Green
Book.

The following points are of note:

For the Effective Area Method the design strength of the base plate is determined from the steel grade
and base plate thickness. The value is not limited to the maximum value of 270 N/mm 2 as detailed in
the Green Book.

For Shear Transfer into the concrete the effects of friction are assumed to be fully additive with the
effects of bearing on the bolts or bearing on the direct shear key.

For Direct Shear Key shear transfer the capacity of the shear key is calculated using the formula
cu sk sk shearkey h
f 2 D L V =

whilst it is accepted that this is a large multiplication factor for f cu it is adopted since it is consistent with
the approach used in the Green Book for bolt bearing.

For simple bases with positive axial loads (compression bases) Column Base Design allows bolts to be
placed inside the column flanges. All other cases with bolts inside flanges (simple bases with tension or
moment bases with tension or compression) are beyond the scope of the program and therefore
Column Base Design will show an error condition for these designs.

Moment Bases
For moment bases Column Base Design follows the procedures given in the Moment Connections
Green Book.

The following points are of note:

When calculating the compressive capacity of the base Column Base Design uses the compressive
stress

( )
cu cbg
f 6 . 0 f =

where f
cu
is the minimum value for the bedding material or the concrete base. If f
cbg
is greater than 15
N/mm 2 then special controls are required at site in the placing of bedding materials and so an
appropriate warning message is given. A similar approach is adopted for the fire condition, but in this
case Column Base Design uses the compressive stress

( )
cu cbg
f 8 . 0 f =

and applies no upper limit.

Note In either case if the USER value has been specified this will be
used irrespective of its value relative to the strength of the concrete or
the bedding material.

24

DESIGN PROCESS

Stress Blocks
The Green Book recommends that the extent of the compression stress block is limited to two thirds of
the distance from the compression edge of the base plate to the tension bolts. Column Base Design
does not impose this limit allowing the compression stress block to jump to the centre-line of the tension
bolts and then if necessary to increase further until the edge of the base plate is reached. However in
this case the moment capacity of the base is calculated from the magnitude of the compression stress
block and its eccentricity from the centre line of the column base (i.e. there is no tensile contribution to
the capacity of the column base from the holding down bolts). A similar situation can arise if the applied
moment is small, resulting in the bolt force being negative (i.e. compression). In this case Stress block 2
shown below is assumed. The following diagrams showing the various limits and stress blocks may aid
your comprehension.

1 1

1 1 1

25

DESIGN PROCESS

Shear
The Green Book gives alternative methods for calculating the punching shear perimeter when the base
is remote from, or close to a single free edge. Column Base Design adopts a more comprehensive
approach where the punching shear perimeter is affected by the presence of any free edge or end.

Column Base Design does not hold any details about the reinforcement that is included in the concrete
base. You must therefore enter the area of tension reinforcement that is provided directly.

For Shear Transfer into the concrete the effects of friction are assumed to be fully additive with the
effects of bearing on the bolts or bearing on the direct shear key.

For Direct Shear Key shear transfer the capacity of the shear key is calculated using the formula

cu sk sk shearkey h
f 2 D L V =

Whilst it is accepted that this is a large multiplication factor for fcu it is adopted since it is consistent with
the approach used in the Green Book for bolt bearing.

For a partial penetration plus superimposed fillet weld Column Base Design always takes the gap as
being 3 mm

Note A figure of a partial penetration plus superimposed fillet weld is
given on page 102 of the Green Book .
Stiffened Moment Bases
The design of stiffened moment bases is similar to that of moment bases, indeed all the comments
given above relating to moment bases also apply to stiffened moment bases.

The design of the gusset stiffeners is based on the method discussed in Structural Steelwork: Design to
Limit State Theory, MacGinley and Ang, Butterworth Heinemann.

26

DESIGN PROCESS
Setting Preferences

To speed up the definition of new column bases, many values are defaulted to sensible numbers. CSC
has defined the initial preferences, however the user can change these to more appropriate values that
suit their way of working

1. From the File menu choose Preferences.
2. Click on each tab to review the items that can have preferences set. Do not change any of the
settings for the Units, Design, Welds, Concrete Base or Plate.
3. Click on the Base Plate Tab. Change the layout to use the Edge Distance (K2) instead of the pitch.
Input a K2 value of 50mm.

27

DESIGN PROCESS

EXERCISE 1
Simple Base
Defining the Column Base Geometry
4. Choose New Project from the File menu and fill in the following project details.

Note: You must specify a J ob No. all the other details are optional. This information is used
to identify the project in the Project Workspace.
5. On New Column Base dialog select a Simple Base and enter a Reference as Span 1 Lh Base.

Defining the Column
You will see the Column dialog which allows you to define the appropriate details.
28

DESIGN PROCESS

Section size - This part of the dialog is blank since you have not yet selected a column.
From this Data List choose the required Section Type.

Grade - Once you have specified a column size, you can then change the Grade if this is necessary.
Choose the Grade you want to use. The correct Strength for the maximum thickness of column material
will be used automatically.

Column Preparation - If the column is Prepared for Direct Contact in Bearing in which case the axial
compressive force in the column is transferred directly from the column to the base plate with the welds
only being nominal and used to link these two items together. The weld would still have to be designed
for any axial tension force.

If the column is not so prepared, then the welds must be designed to be capable of transmitting the
compressive force from the column into the base plate and therefore may need to be much more
substantial.

6. Choose a 406x178x54 UB, S275 and indicate that it is Prepared for direct contact in Bearing.

Defining the Base Plate
The Base Plate Details property sheet that you will see depends on whether you are defining a Simple
Base or a Moment Base.

Base Plate Details BASE PLATE

Length, Width and Thickness - set the dimensions of the base plate by typing the values that you
require into the boxes or alternatively use the drop down buttons to see the list of standard dimensions.

29

DESIGN PROCESS
Edge Preparation - specify the type of edge preparation that you want to use for your base plate by
choosing the drop down button to the right of the edge preparation.

Grade - choose the Grade of steel

Shear Transfer - there are three options for transferring the shear force from the steel base plate into
the concrete base:
Friction Alone Friction and Bearing on Bolts Friction and Shear Key,

Friction Coefficient - Enter the value for the Coefficient of Friction between the steel base plate and
the concrete base.

Factor *d, Factor *f
cu
- Where bolts are solidly cast into concrete the bolts can be relied upon to resist
shear. The design may be based on effective bearing length in concrete of 3d and an average bearing
stress of 2 f
cu
. Where bolts are not solidly cast into concrete (i.e. adjustable) some allowance can be
made for bearing on the bolts. Factors of 3 and 2 respectively assume the grout provides the same
resistance as if the bolts were solidly cast (un-conservative), factors of 0 and 0 assume the grout
provides no resistance (conservative). It is down to the individual engineer which values they use.

7. Set the width as 400mm and the thickness as 20mm. Then select the Bolt Layout tab.
Base Plate Details BOLT LAYOUT
When considering the layout of the bolts you might find the following diagram helpful:

30

DESIGN PROCESS

No. of Bolts per row - Enter the number of bolts that you want to use in each row across the width of
the base plate. Maximum 10, minimum 2.

No. of rows - Similarly set the number of rows of bolts that you want to use at either end of your base
plate. Maximum 2, minimum 1.

End distance - Enter the End distance from the centre line of the outer or only row of bolts to the edge
of the base plate.

Gauge - If you have chosen the option to have two rows of bolts at each end of the base plate, then you
can enter the gauge between them, If you have only one row of bolts, then this box will be dimmed and
any number it contains will be ignored.

Pitch/ Edge Distance - You can define the positioning of the bolts across the base plate either by
giving the Pitch between them or by giving the Edge Distance that you want to maintain. Choose the
method that you prefer by selecting the appropriate radio button. Then enter the value of the Pitch or
Edge Distance that you want to impose. The alternate input box will show the value that is achieved
with the current entered setting.

Other Information - The remaining parts of the dialogue do not accept input, they simply inform you of
dimensional requirements that must be met if your base plate is to be valid. The Minimum End Distance
and Minimum Edge Distances depend on the method of preparation of the base plate and the Minimum
Bolt Spacing depends on the bolt configuration.

31

DESIGN PROCESS

8. Set the Bolt Layout details as shown. Then select the Bolts tab.
32

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details BOLTS

Bolt size and type - If you need to change the size and/or type of bolts for the current column base,
then you can do so here.

Length - Enter the length of foundation bolts that you want to use directly.

Clearance hole diameter - Enter the diameter that you want to use for the holes in the base plate to
allow some tolerance when positioning the base over the foundation bolts.

Positioning - Define the positioning option that you are going to use for this column base:
Adjustable indicates that you are going to cast each foundation bolt in a conical pocket
which will allow some movement for the positioning of the base plate, the pockets being
back filled with grout after the base plate has been positioned.
Non-adjustable indicates that the foundation bolts are going to be cast into the concrete
base. This provides direct anchorage between the concrete of the base and the foundation
bolts, removing the necessity for anchor plates. The disadvantage of this approach is that
the positioning of the holding down bolts must be precise otherwise they will not match the
location of the holes in the base plate.

9. Set the Bolts length as 450mm. Then select the Concrete Base tab.
33

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details CONCRETE BASE

Concrete Base Size - Column Base Design handles the calculations for the concrete base whether or
not its size is known:
if the size of the base is not known then Column Base Design assumes that the entire
punching shear perimeter can be accommodated within the confines of the base,
if the size of the base is known then Column Base Design checks the punching shear
perimeter taking account of any part of the perimeter that lies outside the base.
Concrete Grade - Set the Concrete Grade that you prefer.

Bedding Material - set the Bedding Material that you want to use. The selected material will be shown
and the Cube Strength will be set to an appropriate value for that material.

Cube Strength - to set the Cube Strength you can type a value directly into the text box on the dialog
or use the drop down button. The appropriate Ambient Design bearing strength and (for moment bases
only) Fire Design bearing strength will be shown automatically.

Grout Space - Enter the space that you want to leave for filling by grout directly.

User Bearing Strength - Ambient design - The bearing strength that is used for the ambient design is
normally calculated automatically from the Concrete Grade specified for the base and the Cube
Strength specified for the bedding material. If you want to specify your own value then you should
ensure that the Ambient Design box is checked and then enter the value that you want to use. This
value will then be used irrespective of the other base details.

10. Set the Concrete Grade as C25. Then select the Anchorage tab
34

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details ANCHORAGE

Anchor Plate Type - Column Base Design allows you to choose the type of anchor plate:
Individual, where each bolt has its own anchor plate,
Combined, where one anchor plate serves to hold several bolts.

Length, Width and Thickness - set the dimensions of the base plate by typing the values that you
require into the boxes or alternatively use the drop down buttons to see the list of standard dimensions.

Anchorage Length - specify the Anchorage Length that is provided. This will normally be less than the
total length of the bolt. Typically the anchorage length would be:
the distance from the underside of the top reinforcement in the concrete base to the top of
any anchor plate,
the distance from the underside of the top reinforcement in the concrete base to the top of
the bolt head if there is no anchor plate.

11. Change the Anchorage length to 185mm. The select the Welds tab..
35

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details WELDS

Flange Weld - Set the type and size for the Flange welds.
Flange welding is only appropriate for I and H sections and will be
dimmed for all other section types.
Web Weld - Set the type and size for the Web welds.
Note: Web welding is only appropriate for I and H sections and will be
CHS/SHS/RHS Profile Weld - Set the type and size for the Profile Flange welds.
Note: Profile welding is only appropriate for simple bases with hollow
sections and will be removed for moment bases or dimmed for simple
bases with other section types.

12. Change the web weld to a partial weld of 100mm.
13. Once all the Base Plate details are correct choose OK.

36

DESIGN PROCESS
This completes the definition of your new column base. You will now see a representation of the base
and its reference details will be added to your Project Workspace.

37

DESIGN PROCESS
Defining the Forces
14. Choose Design Cases from the Design menu to open the Design Cases dialog.

15. Choose Add to create a new design case.

16. Enter a design case with a shear force of 35 kN and an axial load of 254.9 kN.
17. Create a second design case with a shear force of 21.2 kN and an axial load of 33.8 kN.
18. Then choose OK to close the Design Cases dialog.
38

DESIGN PROCESS
Performing the design

Once the loading and geometry of your column base have been defined, it can be designed.
Note If you want to automatically check the column base for adequacy
as soon as sufficient information is defined, then you should ensure that
the Design/Update Design menu option is ticked.
19. To perform the design select Design from the Design menu.
Viewing Results

One of the most significant requirements of any design package is to allow you to review the results
quickly, easily and intuitively. Column Base Design achieves this by first showing you a table which
summarises your results. You can then home in on particular areas of interest very quickly.

When you access the Column Base Design Summary the first page of that you will see is the Summary
Page. This page gives you a complete overview of the entire design and enables you to see the status
of each check at a glance. It can be seen that there is a problem with Design Case 2.

39

DESIGN PROCESS
20. View the Shear results for Design Case 2, it can be seen that it is necessary to increase the Total
horiz. resistance by some means.

21. Close down the summary to return to the graphical display.

22. Select Edit Base Plate from the Column Base menu. Indicate that Shear Transfer is to be achieved
by a combination of friction and bolt bearing. Enter factors of 0.8 and 0.5 respectively to simulate
the grout providing 25% of the resistance of bolt cast solidly into concrete.

23. OR, change the bolt type to Non-Adjustable.
40

DESIGN PROCESS

24. Click on OK and redesign the base.

Saving the Model
25. Select Save Project As from the File menu and choose a name and location for the file.
41

DESIGN PROCESS
EXERCISE 2
Moment Base
26. To create a new column base within the same project file choose New from the Column Base
menu.
27. Choose the Moment Base type and enter a reference.

Defining the Column

28. Choose a 305x305x118 UC, grade S275 indicate that it is prepared for direct contact in bearing.
42

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details BASE PLATE

29. Once your Base Plate details are set as shown above choose the Bolt Layout tab.
43

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details BOLT LAYOUT

30. Once your Bolt Layout details are set as shown above choose the Bolts tab.
44

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details BOLTS

31. Once your Bolts details are set as shown above choose the Concrete Base tab.

45

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details Concrete Base

Steel Reinforcement - Choose the method by which you prefer to define the amount of reinforcement
in the base:
Area Reinforcement allows you to enter an area of steel as a value in mm
2
.
Percentage Reinforcement allows you to enter the reinforcement as a percentage of the
total area of the base.
Difference: Reinforcement is only appropriate for moment bases.

User Bearing Strength - Fire design - If you want to specify your own value for the Bearing Stress for
the Fire Design, then ensure that the check box is ticked and enter a value into the text box.
Difference: Fire Design is only appropriate for moment bases.

32. Once your Concrete Base details are set as shown above choose the Anchorage tab.

46

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details ANCHORAGE

33. Once the Anchorage details are set as shown above choose the Welds tab.

47

DESIGN PROCESS
Base Plate Details WELDS

Left and Right Hand Flange Welds - Set the type and size for the Flange welds.
Note: Flange welding is only appropriate for I and H sections and will be

Difference: Left and Right Hand Flange welds can only be set for
moment bases.

34. Change both flange welds to 12mm Super Imposed Fillet with 8mm preparation length.
35. Change the web weld to a partial weld of 100mm.
36. Once your Welds details are correct choose OK to return to the graphical display.

48

DESIGN PROCESS
Defining the Forces

37. Choose Design Cases from the Design menu.
38. Choose Add to create a new design case.
Fire Base Condition - If the current design case deals with the forces and moments that occur during
the fire condition, then you should ensure that this option is checked. In this case Column Base Design
will use the stresses that are appropriate to a fire condition.
Difference This option is only available for moment bases.
Moment - Enter the Moment that the column base is to carry.
Difference This option is only available for moment bases.

39. Create a design case with a Moment = 400 kNm, Shear = 75 kN & Axial = 2000 kN. Call the
design case Higher Axial load.
40. Create a second design case with a Moment = 400 kNm, Shear = 75 kN & Axial = 300 kN. Call
the design case Lower Axial load.
41. Once you have defined these design cases choose OK to close the Design Cases dialog.

49

DESIGN PROCESS
Performing the design

42. To perform the design choose Design from the Design menu.

Saving the Model
43. Select Save Project from the File menu and to save the file.
50

DESIGN PROCESS
Viewing and Formatting the Column Base Report

37. Choose Report Contents from the File menu.

38. Click on the Report Level drop down list and select a Summary Report Level.
39. Highlight both Target Column Bases.
40. Click on the Apply .
41. To customise the report contents further click on each of the Report Contents tabs to add or remove
items before clicking on OK.

51

DESIGN PROCESS
Moving about the report
There are two toolbars that can be used to view and move around the report:
View Toolbar
view First page
view Previous page
view Next page
view Last page
Report Toolbar
view Half page
view Full page
view Two pages
42. Experiment with using these toolbars.
The number of pages will be shown at the top of the screen.

Printing the Report
To print the report direct from Fastrak Column Base Design, select Print from the File menu and specify
the printer settings. A Print Preview is also available.
Exporting the Report
To export the report to Microsoft Word or CSC TEDDS, select the appropriate option from the File menu
or Report toolbar, Word or TEDDS will then be launched and the report will be imported. For large
reports is may be necessary to save a word document for the report information to be imported in to, if
this is the case the message below will be displayed.

Large reports may take sometime to import.

52

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Moment Connections, Column Base

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Moment Connections, Column Base

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Connections & Column Base - January 2003

Connections & Column Base - January 2003