Acta Math. Hungar., 119 ( 1 - 2 ) (2008), 197-200.

DOI: 10.1007/sl0474-007-7023-4
First published online October 4, 2007
REMARKS ON QUASI-TOPOLOGIES
A. CSASZAR*
Eotvos Lorand University, Department of Analysis, H-1117 Budapest, Pazmany P. setany 1/C
(Received February 6, 2007; accepted April 3, 2007)
Abs t r a c t . A quasi -t opol ogy is a general i zed t opol ogy (cf. [3]) closed for fi-
ni t e i nt ersect i ons. The paper discusses t he quest i on whet her s t at ement s valid for
t opol ogi es can be general i zed for quasi -t opol ogi es.
1. Introduction and preliminaries
Let X be a non-empty set with power set expX. According to [3], a
collection /x C exp X is said to be a generalized topology (briefly GT) iff 0 G /x
and each union of a non-empty subset of /x belongs to /x. The elements of /x
are said then to be /i-open and their complements /x- closed.
A function 7 : exp X > exp X is said to be monotonic iff A c B C X
imnlies . The collection of all monotonic functions is denoted bv
ents of T are said to be operations. If 7 e T tin
>e 7- open iff A c 7 A The collection of all 7-opi
sets is a GT and is denoted by /x(7) (see [1]). An operation 7 e T is said
T (see [1]) and the elements of V are said to be operations. If 7 e T then
a. s e t i s s a i d t o b e -nnp.n \f? . T h e c ol l e c t i on of al l - nnf t n
' Research supported by Hungarian Foundation for Scientific Research, grant No. T 49786.
Key words and phrases: generalized topology, monotonic operation, /i-friendly operation, quasi-
topology.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05.
0236-5294/$ 20.00 2007 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest
198 A. CSASZAR
to be restricting (enlarging, idempotent) iff A c X implies 7 A c A (jA D A,
^A = A).
If /x is a GT and A <z X then i
M
(c
M
) denotes the union of all /x-open
subsets of A (the intersection of all /x-closed supersets of A). Both i^ and c
M
are monotonic and idempotent operations, i^ is restricting, c
M
is enlarging,
and
(1) v ( X A) = X Cfj,A,
further A G /x iff A = i^A (see [4]).
If /x is a GT then an operation 7 G T is said to be /i-friendly iff A c X
and M G /x imply
(2) 7A n M c 7(7! n M)
(see [5]). In [6], the collection of all /x(7)-friendly operations 7 is denoted
by T4.
According to [5], a GT /x is said to be a quasi-topology (briefly QT) iff
M, M' G /x implies M n M' G /x. A QT on X coincides with a topology on
a subset XQ d X ([5], 3.7). By [5], 3.10, a QT /x is the collection of 7-open
sets for a suitable /x-friendly operation 7. Consequently, according to [6],
Theorem 2.1, if 7 G r4, then /x(7) is a QT.
2. Pr oper t i es of quasi-topologies
We know from [5], 3.8 that i^ is /x-friendly whenever /x is a QT. By [5],
2.2, if 7 and 7' are both /x-friendly then 7 0 7 ' = 77' is also /x-friendly. A lot
of statements valid for topologies remains valid for QT's; we show a few of
them.
THEOREM 2. 1. If [i is a QT then c
M
is /x-friendly.
PROOF. For A c X, M G /x, let x G c
M
A n M. Then, for each set M' G /x
such that x G M', we have M' n i / 0 ([5], 2.5). For these sets M', M' n M
G /x because /x is a QT, hence M' D M n A / 0 , i.e. x G c
M
(M n A) ([5], 2.5).

THEOREM 2.2. If /x is a QT then i^(A C\B)= i^A n i^U /or A,B <z X.
PROOF. C is obvious. i^C G /x implies that the right hand side is in /x
and is C i (1 B, so D is true as well.
In [6], 2.3, the statement is proved in the case /x = /x(7) and 7 G T4.
If /x is a GT, we denote by a(/x) (cr(/x), 7r(/x), /3(/x)) the collection of all
VC
M
v-open ( c^- open, i^-open, c^c^-open) sets (see [4]). We can prove:
Acta Mathematica Hungarica 119, 2008
REMARKS ON QUASI-TOPOLOGIES 199
THEOREM 2.3. If /x is a QT and A G a{p), B G a(/x) (B G cr(/x)
;
B G
7r(/x)
;
B G /3(/X)) t/ien A n B G a(/x) ( A n B G cr(/x), A n B G 7r(/x)
;
A n B
G /?(//)) a* we//.
PROOF. Assume first that A G a(/x) and -B G a(/x). Let us write, for
brevity, i for i
M
and c for c
M
. Then A n B C idA n iciB c d A n id> C c(iA
n id>) C c(iA n d>) C cc(iA n iB) = ci(A n B) (see 2.1 and 2.2). Hence
ir >)' R i //-open and contained in ci(A n B), consequently A n -B C idA
n B).
Assume now A G a(/x) and -B G cr(/x). Then Af)B C id A n d> C c(iciA
see 2.1 and 2.2
n iciB c id(A n B).
3ume now
n iB) c c(dA n i>) C cc(iA n iB) = d ( A n B) (see 2.1 and 2.2)
s s i i mn t l i An f l i n t
Assume then that A G a(/x) and > is 7ic-open where 7 G T is //-friendly.
We show that A n -B is 7ic-open. In fact, AnBc idA n ^icB c ^(iciA n ic>)
= 7i (dAni ci 3) C 7ic(iAnici3) C jic(iAC\cB) C 7icc(iAnI3) C jic(AnB)
(cf. 2.1 and 2.2).
Now 7 = id produces the case B G 7r(/x) and 7 = c (cf. 2.1) gives the case
B G /?(//).
In particular, if /x is a QT then so is a(/x). Of course, all results above
are well-known in the case when /x is a topology.
Similar statements are contained in [6], but instead of the condition that
/x is a QT, it is supposed that /x = /x(7) and 7 G T4. However, the following
example shows that /x can be a QT (or even a topology) and /x = /x(7) where
7 is restricting without being /x-friendly.
EXAMPLE 2.4. Let X = N U {p} where N is the set of all natural num-
bers, and p ^ N. We define an operation 7 on exp X.
Let 70 = 0, 7N = N, 7X = X. If A c X, p G A and A / X, let 7A =
. If
he sn
Clearly 7 is restricting. We show that 7 is monotonic.
A n N. \{ p ^ A (i.e. A c N) and A^$, A / N, let 7 A = A {m} where
m is the smallest element of the non-empty set AcN.
mot
Let A c B C X. The cases A = 0 and B = X are obvious. Consider first
the case p e i c B / I . Then 7A = 4 n N c 5 n N = 7!?.
Let now | / i 4 c N , A c 5 / I , j ) e 8 . Then 7 A c A = AnNc5nN
= jB.
In the case A c 5 = N we have 7A c A c B = 7U.
Finally if 0 / A C B C N, > / N, let us denote by a and 6 the smallest
elements of A and >, respectively. In the case a = 6, we have 7A = A {a}
<Z B {a} = B {b} = jB. In the case a / 6, necessarily 6 <a so that 7A
c 5 - { 6 } = 7 5 .
Let us denote /x = /x(7). Then /x = {0, N, X} . In fact, if p G A and A / X
1 7A = AnN/A, and
/ A. Hence /x is a topology.
C A c 5 - {6} = jB.
aiot
then 7A = AnN/A, and if A c N, A / 0, A / N, then 7A = A {m}
7 i
Acto Mathematica Hungarica 119, 2008
200 A. CSASZAR: REMARKS ON QUASI-TOPOLOGIES
However, 7 is not //-friendly. In fact, consider A = {l,p} and N e /x.
Then jA = Af]N = {l} so that
7
A n N = {l} g
7
( An N) =
7
{ 1 } = 0.
References
[1] A. Csaszar, Generalized open sets, Acta Math. Hunger., 75 (1997), 65-87.
[2] A. Csaszar, On the 7-interior and 7-closure of a set, Acta Math. Hungar., 80 (1998),
89-93.
[3] A. Csaszar, Generalized topology, generalized continuity, Acta Math. Hungar., 96
(2002), 351-357.
[4] A. Csaszar, Generalized open sets in generalized topologies, Acta Math. Hungar., 105
(2005), 53-66.
[5] A. Csaszar, Further remarks on the formula for 7-interior, Acta Math. Hungar. (to
appear).
[6] P. Sivagami, Remarks on 7-interior, Acta Math. Hungar. (to appear).
Acta Mathematica Hungarica 119, 2008