P.

A COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, POLLACHI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME2027 - PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
Two mark q!"#$o%" a%& a%"w!r"
'NIT-I ( )OR* ST'DY AND EROGONOMICS
+. D!,$%! m!#-o& "#&..
Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and
proposed ways of doing work as a means of developing and applying easier and more
effective methods and reducing cost.
2. )-a# ar! #-! o/0!1#$2!" o, m!#-o& "#&.3
(a) To present and analyze true facts concerning the situation.
(b) To examine those facts critically.
(c) To develop the best answer possible under given circumstances based on critical
examinations of facts.
4. )-a# ar! #-! 2ar$o" 1-ar#" "!& ,or m!#-o& "#&.3
(a). Out line process chart
(b). low process chart
(c). Two handed process chart
(d). Multiple activity chart
(e). !ang chart
(f). "imo chart
5. )r$#! "-or# %o#! o% o#6$%! 7ro1!"" 1-ar#.
The outline process chart gives an overall view of the process# from the beginning to
the end. $t is a graphic representation of the se%uence of all the operations and
inspections carried out in the entire process and the stage at which the materials are
introduced.
8. )r$#! "-or# %o#! o% ,6ow 7ro1!"" 1-ar#.
& flow process chart is a graphical representation of the se%uence of all operations#
transportations# inspections# delay and shortages occurring during a process and includes
information considered desirable for analysis such as time re%uired and distance moved.
9. )-a# ar! #-! 2ar$o" &$a:ram" "!& ,or m!#-o& "#&.3
(a) low diagram# b) "tring diagram# c) Travel chart
7. )r$#! "-or# %o#! o% ,6ow &$a:ram.
low diagram is a drawing# made to a scale of the workplace showing the location of
various e%uipment and machines# activities carried out and the followed by workers and
materials.
;. )r$#! "-or# o% "#r$%: &$a:ram.
"tring diagram is a scale layout drawing on which the length of string is used to
record the extent as well as pattern of movement of a worker for materials or e%uipment
working within limited area over a certain period time
<. )r$#! "-or# %o#! o% #ra2!6 1-ar#.
Travel chart is a tabular record for presenting %uantitative data about the movement
of workers# materials or e%uipment between any numbers of places over a given period
of time.
+0. D!,$%! Er:o%om$1".
The application of human biological sciences along with engineering sciences to
achieve optimum mutual ad'ustment of men and his work# the benefits being measured
in terms of human efficiency and well(being.
)rgonomics also known as human engineering and human factors engineering is the
scientific study of the relationship between man and his working environments.
++. )-a# ar! 7r$%1$76!" o, mo#$o% !1o%om.3
(a) *se of the human body.
(b) &rrangement of workplace.
(c) +esign of tools and e%uipment.
+2. )-a# ar! #-! 2ar$o" #!1-%$q!" o, work m!a"r!m!%#3
(a) Time study
(b) "ynthesis
(c) ,ork sampling
(d) &nalytical estimating
(e) -redetermined motion and time study
+4. D!,$%! #$m! "#&..
The application of techni%ues designed to establish the time for a %ualified worker to
carry out a specified 'ob at a defined level of performance.
+5. )-a# ar! #-! 2ar$o" #$m! "#&. !q$7m!%#3
(a) "top watch
(b) Time study board
(c) Time study forms
(d) Motion picture camera
+8. )-a# ar! #-! a776$1a#$o% o, work m!a"r!m!%# 2ar$o" #!1-%$q!"3
Techni%ues &pplications
a) Time study "hort cycle repetitive 'obs
(b) "ynthesis "hort cycle repetitive 'obs
(c) ,ork sampling .ong cycle 'obs
(d) &nalytical estimating "hort cycle repetitive 'obs.
(e) -redetermined motion. Manual operations confined to one work centre
time study.
.
+9. )-a# ar! #-! o/0!1#$2!" o, !r:o%om$1"3
(a). To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness with which the activities is carried out
so as to increase the convenience of use# reduced errors and increase in productivity.
(b). To enhance certain desirable human values including safety# reduced stress and
fatigue and improved %uality of life.
+7. )-a# ar! #-!r/6$:"3
Therbligs are the symbols used to denote the various activities and movements done
for different purposes.
Therbligs refer primarily to motions of the human body at the work place and to the
mental activities associated with them.
+;. Draw #-! ".m/o6" r!7r!"!%#$%: =a> I%"7!1#$o% a%& =/> S#ora:!.
$nspection ( /
"torage (
+<. D!,$%! work m!a"r!m!%#3
,ork measurement is the application of techni%ues designed to establish the time for
a %ualified worker to carry out a specified 'ob at a defined level of performance.
20. )-a# ar! #-! /!%!,$#" o, mo#$o% "#&.3
It eliminates unnecessary and wasteful motion.
It makes the work faster and better.
It increases productivity.
2+. M!%#$o% #-! $m7or#a%# a776$1a#$o%" o, work "#&.3
"cope of work study is not restricted to manufacturing industries only. $t can
effectively be used in service sector as well. $t can be applied in offices# hospitals# banks and
other service organizations.
22. M!%#$o% a%. #wo o/0!1#$2!" o, m!#-o& "#&.3
The work study is mainly carried out to fulfill the following ob'ectives0
i. To find the most economical way of doing the work.
ii. To simplify and standardize the methods# materials# tools and e%uipment.
24. M!%#$o% ,!w a776$1a#$o%" o, work "#&.3
1esides in manufacturing industries# the work study can also be applied in offices#
hospitals# banks# and other service organizations.
25. D!,$%! SIMO 1-ar#3
"$MO stands for "imultaneous Motion cycle chart.
"$MO chart is used to record simultaneously on a common time scale the activities
of two hands or other parts of workers body during the performance of a single cycle of
operation being investigated.
'NIT-II ( PROCESS PLANNING
+. D!,$%! 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:.
$t is defined as the systematic determination of methods by which a product is to be
manufactured economically and competitively.
$t consists of selecting the proper machines# determining the se%uence of operations#
specifying the inspection stages# and tools# 'igs and fixtures such that the product can be
manufactured as per the re%uired specifications. The detailed process planning is done at
each component level.
2. )-a# ar! #-! 1o%"$&!ra#$o%" #o /! :$2!% w-$6! "!6!1#$%: a 7ro1!"" or ma1-$%!3
a. )conomic considerations
b. -roduction rate and unit cost of production.
c. +urability and dependability.
d. .ower process re'ection.
e. Minimum set(up and put away times.
f. .onger productive life machines or e%uipment.
g. functional versatility.
4. )-a# ar! #-! $%,orma#$o%?" r!q$r!& ,or 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
a. &ssembly and component drawings and bill of materials
b. Machine or e%uipment details
c. The standard times for# operation and details of set(up time for each 'ob
d. &vailability of tooling.
5. )-a# ar! #-! ,a1#or" #-a# $%,6!%1$%: 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
a. 2olume of production.
b. +elivery date for components or products.
c. &ccuracy and process capability of machines.
d. The skill and expertise of manpower.
f. Materials specifications.
g. &ccuracy re%uirements of components or parts.
8. E@76a$% #-! 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%: "-!!#.
The whole information determined by the process planning is recorded in a tabular
form in a sheet.
9. L$"# #-! 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%: a1#$2$#$!"3
&nalyse# determine# select# calculate# document# communicate.
7. )-a# ar! #-! 7aram!#!r" ,or ma#!r$a6 "!6!1#$o%3
unction# &ppearance# 3eliability# "ervice life# environment# compactability# cost
;. )-a# ar! #-! #.7!" o, CAPP3
a. 3etrieval 4&-- system
b. !enerative 4&-- system
<. )-a# ar! #-! ,a1#or" a,,!1#$%: 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
2olume of production# Man -ower# +elivery dates of products# Material
specification# accuracy of process and machines.
+0. )-a# ar! #-! a77roa1-!" ,or 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
a) Manual process planning b) 4omputer &ided process planning.
++. L$"# #-! /!%!,$#" o, CAPP.
a) -rocess standardization. b) -roductivity improvement.
c) -roduct cost reduction. d) )limination of human error
e) 3eduction in time. f) 3educed paper work.
+2. )-a# $" PMTS3
& work measurement techni%ue whereby times established for basic human motions
are used to build up the time for a 'ob at the defined level of performance.
+4. )-a# $" #-! $%,orma#$o% r!q$r!& ,or 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
i) &ssembly and component drawings and bill of materials.
ii) Machine or e%uipment details.
iii) The standard times for operation and details of set(up time for each 'ob.
iv) &vailability of tooling.
+5. L$"# #-! &!m!r$#" o, r!#r$!2a6 CAPP S."#!m.
a) The components to be planned are limited to similar components previously planned.
b) )xperienced process planers are still re%uired to modify the standard plan for specific
component.
+8. L$"# #-! a&2a%#a:!" o, :!%!ra#$2! CAPP.
$t can generate consistent process plans rapidly.
5ew components can be planned as easily as existing components.
+9. )-a# ar! #-! #oo6" ,or a1q$r$%: a%& &o1m!%#$%: a%& *%ow6!&:!3
low charts# +ecision tables# experts system shells.
+7. E@76a$% #-! #!rm %orma6 #$m!.
5ormal time is the time for carrying out a work or an element of work at standard
rating.
+;. )-a# ar! #-! 2ar$o" a66owa%1!" a&&!& $% %orma6 #$m!3
a. 3elaxation allowance.
b. atigue allowance.
c. -ersonal allowance.
d. -rocess delay allowance.
e. "pecial allowance such as interference and contingency allowance.
+<. Ar$!, a/o# "1o7! o, 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
6. -rocess rationalization and standardization.
7. aster response to engineering changes.
8. "tandard plans leads to achieve six sigma levels.
20. D!,$%! #-! #!rm ro#! "-!!#3
The route sheet# also known as operation sheet or instruction sheet or planner or
traveler# lists the production operations and associated machine tools for each
component and subassembly of the product.
2+. )-a# &o .o %&!r"#a%& /. 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
-rocess planning is the systematic determination of the methods by which a product
is to be manufactured# economically and competitively.
22. )-a# ar! #-! #.7!" o, 7ro&1#$o%3
Job shop production
Batch production
Mass production
24. )-a# ar! #-! ma#!r$a6" "!6!1#$o% 7aram!#!r"3
Function
Appearance
Reliability service life
Environment
ompatibility.
25. )-a# ar! #-! ,%1#$o%" o, 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
-rocess planning# through route sheet# provides0
i. part identification
ii. operation se%uence and machine.
45. )-a# $" "!q!%1$%:3
"e%uencing can be defined as the selection of an order for a series of 'obs to
be done on a finite number of service facilities (machines).
28. )-a# ar! #-! #.7!" o, 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
Manual process plannin!.
omputer aided process plannin!
Retrieval A"" system
#enerative A"" system
29. )-a# $" 1om7#!r A$&!& Pro1!"" P6a%%$%:3
$n 4&--# the -rocess plan is prepared with the use of computers. 4&-- overcomes
the drawbacks of manual process planning.
27. )-a# &o!" #-! #!rm 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%: m!a%3
-rocess planning is an act of preparing a detailed processing documentation for the
manufacture of a piece part or assembly.
2;. )-a# ar! a66 #-! &o1m!%#" %!1!""ar. ,or 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
i. &ssembly and component drawings.
ii. 1ill of materials.
iii. Machine and e%uipment details.
2<. )-a# ar! #-! &o1m!%#" "!& $% 7ro1!"" 76a%%$%:3
"rocess sheet
$peration sheet
Route sheet.
'NIT-III ( INTROD'CTION TO COST ESTIMATION

6. +efine cost estimating.
4ost estimating is the estimation of the expected cost of producing a 'ob or
manufacturing order before the actual production is taken up or predicting what new
things will cost# before they are made. The expected expenditure on all the items used to
make a product is added to give the estimated cost of final product.
7. +efine cost accounting.
4ost accounting means classify# recording and allocating the appropriate expenditure
for determining the cost of production and is achieved by keeping a continuous record of
all the costs involved in manufacturing.
8. ,rite the common method costing.
a. 9ob costing
b. 1atch costing
c. -rocess costing
d. Operating cost method
e. *nit cost method
f. Multiple cost method
:. +efine 9ob costing.
The is method is concerned with finding the cost of each individual 'ob or contracts.
$n this method# the total cost for each order is obtained from the daily cost sheet. The
method is adopted in 'ob order industries such as ship building# machine manufacturing#
fabrication# building contract.
;. ,hat are the components of a cost estimate<
a. 4ost design
b. 4ost drafting
c. 4ost of research and development
d. 4ost of materials.
e. 4ost of labour
f. 4ost of inspection.
g. 4ost of tools# 'igs and fixtures.
=. +efine overhead expenses.
Overhead expenses include all other expenditure made on the product except direct
materials cost# direct labour charges and direct other expenses. &dministrative expenses#
sales and advertisement costs etc.# form a part of overhead expenses.
>. ,hat are the two ma'or groups of total cost of the product<
a. +irect costs b. $ndirect costs
?. ,hat are the usual three elements of costing<
a. Material cost.
b. .abour cost.
c. Other expenses.
6@. ,rite short notes on direct labour cost.
+irect labourer is one who actually works and processes the materials to convert it
into the final shape. The cost associated with direct labour is called direct labour cost.
66. ,rite short notes on indirect labour cost.
$ndirect labourer is one who is not directly employed in the manufacturing of the
product but his services are used in some indirect manner. The indirect labour includes
supervisors# inspectors# foremen# storekeeper gatekeeper# maintenance staff crane driver
etc. The cost associated with indirect labour is called indirect labour cost.
67. ,hat are the direct expenses<
4ost of special 'igs# patterns# tooling made for 'ob# or cost of research and
development work done for that specific 'ob.
68. ,hat are the indirect expenses<
a. actory expenses
b. &dministrative expenses.
c. "elling and distribution expenses.
6:. ,hat are the components of -rimary cost<
a. +irect material cost# b. +irect labour cost# c. +irect expenses.
67. ,hat are the components of -roduction cost<
a. actory cost# b. &dministrative expenses.
6;. .ist any two ob'ectives of cost estimation .
a. To establish the selling price of product.
b. To veryfiy the %uotations submitted by vendors.
c. To take make or buy decisions.
d. To prepare production budget.
6=. 5ame the types of material cost .
a. +irect materials cost b. $ndirect material cost.
6>. ,ho are called indirect lab our <
$ndirect lab our are the non productive staff who helps the productive lab our in
performing their duties..
6A. ,hat are the knowledge re%uired for cost estimation.
a. +esign time. b. amount and cost of materials re%uired.
c) production time re%uird. d) labour charges.
e) cost of machinery f) previous estimates
g) volume h) change of cost.
6?. ,hat are the types of estimates <
a) preliminary estimates b) final estimates.
7@. ,hat is meant by indirect material<
$ndirect material is the one which cannot be traced as a part of the product. $t is the
material re%uired for maintaing and operating the plant and e%uipment but cannot be the
part of product.
76. !ive examples for indirect materials.
!rease# lubricating oil used to lubricate the e%uipments# coolants# cotton wastes#
kerosene.
77. ,hat is indirect labour cost<
$t is the wages paid to the indirect labour.
78. ,hat are the types of expenses<
+irect expenses# $ndirect expenses.
7:. .ist the factory expenses.
actory on cost# works on cost# factory overhead# production overhead.
7;. ,hat is selling expenses<
These are the expenses which are incurred for creating and enhancing the demand
for the products.
'NIT-IB ( COST ESTIMATION
6. ,hat are the data re%uired for estimation of cost of any product<
a. Machining operations
b. Machining time re%uired for each operation
7. ,hat are the elements consisting of estimating total time re%uired to perform an
operation.
a. "et(up time b. Bandling time c. Machining time
d. Tear down time e. +own time f. &llowance
8. )xplain the term set(up time.
This is the time taken to prepare the machine for operation.
:. )xplain the term unit time operation.
The sum of handling time and machining time for a 'ob is called unit operation time.
;. ,rite short note on machining time.
$t is the time for which the machine works on the components# i.e. rom the time
when the tool touches the work to when the tool leaves the component after completion
of operation.
=. ,rite short note on tear down time.
$t is the time taken to remove the tools# 'igs fixtures from the machine and to clean
the machine and tools after the operation has been done on the last component of batch.
>. ,rite short note on down time.
$t is the time wasted by the operator due to break down# non(availability or delay in
supply of tools and materials etc.

A. ,hat are the various allowances in estimation<
a. -ersonal allowance b. atigue
c. Tool sharpeningC4hange allowance d. 4hecking allowance
?. +efine the term fatigue allowance.
The long working hours and poor working conditions such as poor lighting# poor
ventilation etc.# causes fatigue and effect the efficiency of worker i.e. fatigue decreases
the workers capacity to work.
6@.,rite short note on tool sharpeningCchange allowance.
This allowance is provided for the time taken by the operator to get the tool changed
or to resharpen the tool when it becomes dull. This time varies from machine to machine
and depends upon the type of tool being used.
66. +efine design cost.
The cost of design of a product is estimated by ascertaining the expected time for the
design of the that product.
67.+efine drafting cost .
&fter the completion of the design the drawing have to be prepared by drafts man.
68..ist the components of 'ob estimate.
+esign cost # drafting cost# 3D+ cost# Materials cost # labour cost # $nspection cost.
Overhead cost# cost of tools and 'igs and fixtures.
6:. 5ame the types of estimate.
a. preliminary estimation. b. inal estimation.
6;. ,hat are the method of estimation<
a. 4onference method.
b. 4omparision method.
c. +etailed analysis method
6=. ,hat is cost of research<
4onsiderable time and money has to be spent on research and development work.
6>. ,hat is tool cost per unit produced <
)stimated cost C number of 'ob.
6A. +efine inspection cost .
)stimating the inspection cost # one should consider the cost of inspection
e%uipments# gauges and consumables# wages to the $nspectors.
6?. ,hat is overhead cost <
Overhead expenses are those which cannot be charged directly to a particular
product manufactured.
7@. ,hat is prime cost <
The sum of direct labour cost and direct material cost and direct expenses.
76. ,hat is total cost<
The sum of prime cost and factory overheads and administrative expenses and
selling and distribution expenses.
77. ,hat is unit cost method<
This method is adopted by the firms #which supply a uniform product rather than a
varity of products such as mines#%uries#etc.
78. ,hat is manufacturing cost<
"um of factory cost and administrative expenses.
7:. ,hat is selling price<
Total cost E profit.
7;. ,hat is market price <
"elling price E discount.
'NIT-B ( PROD'CTION COST ESTIMATION
6. ,hat are the various elements considered while calculating the cost of a welded 'oint<
a. +irect material cost. b. +irect labor cost.
c. +irect other expenses. d. Overheads.
7. )xplain the terms direct material in costing of welded 'oint.
a. 4ost of base materials to be welded i.e.# sheet# plate# rolled section# casting or
forging.
This cost is calculated separately.
b. 4ost of electrodesCfiller materials used. The electrode consumption can be estimated
by using the charts supplied by the suppliers. &nother way to find the actual weight
of weld metal deposited is to weigh the component before and after the welding and
making allowance for stub end and other losses during welding.
&lso the weight of weld metal F 2olume of weld G +ensity of weld material.

8. )xplain the terms direct other expenses in costing of welded 'oint.
The direct other expenses include the cost of power consumed# cost of fixtures used
for a particular 'ob etc.
:. )xplain the terms overheads expenses in costing of welded 'oint.
The overheads include the expenses due to office and supervisory staff# lighting
charges of office and plant# inspection# transport# cost of consumables and other charges.
The cost of e%uipment is also apportioned to the individual components in the form of
depreciation.
;. ,hat are the various losses considered while calculating the materials cost for a forged
component.
a. "hear loss. b. Tonghold loss.
c. "cale loss. d. lsh loss. e. "prued loss.
=. )xplain the term "hear loss.
The blank re%uired for forging a component is cut from billet or long bars. The
material e%ual to the product of thickness of sawing blade and cross(section of bar is lost
for each cut. "imilarly# if the small pieces left at the end are not of full length# these also
go as waste. "hear loss is generally taken as ;H of net weight.
>. )xplain the term Tonghold loss.
+rop forging operations are performed by holding the stock at one end with the help
of tongs. & small length# about 7.@(7.;cm and e%ual to dia of stock is added to the stock
for holding.
A. )xplain the term "cale loss.
&s the forging process is performed at very high temperature# the oxygen from air
forms iron oxide by reacting with hot surface. The iron oxide forms a thing film called
scale# and falls off from surface at each stroke of hammer. "cale loss is taking as =H of
net weight.
?. )xplain the term lash loss.
,hen dies are used for forging# some metals come out of the die at the parting line
of the top and bottom halves of the die. This extra metal is called flash. lash is
generally taken as 7@mm wide and 8mm thick. The circumference of component at
parting line multiplied by cross(sectional area of flash gives the volume of flash. The
flash lioss is then calculated by multiplying the volume of flash by density of the
material.
6@. )xplain the term sprue loss.
,hen the component is forged by holding the stock with tongs# the tonghold and
metal in the die even when metal is s%ueezed in dies# are in contact through a portion of
metal called sprue or runner. The cut off when product is completed. "prue loss taken as
>H of net weight.

66. )xplain the terms direct material cost in costing of forged component.
a. 4alculate the net weights of forging.
5et weight F 2olume of forging G +ensity of materials.
b. 4alculate the gross weight.
!ross weight F 5et weight E Materials loss in the process.
c. +irect materials cost F !ross weight G -iece per Ig.
67. +iscuss the various constituents of cost of a forged component.
a. 4ost of direct materials.
b. 4ost of direct labour.
c. +irect expenses such as due to cost of die and cost of press.
d. Overheads.
68. )xplain the terms direct labour cost in costing of forged component.
+irect labout cost is estimated as follows.
+irect labour cost F tG l
,here t F Time for forging per piece (in hours)
l F .abour rate per hour
6:. )xplain the distribution of die cost on individual components.
&pportioning of +ie cost0
.et cost of die F 3s. G
5o. of components that can be produced using this die F J components.
4ost of dieCcomponent F 3s. GCJ
6;. )xplain the terms overheads expenses in costing of forged component.
The over heads include supervisory charges# depreciation of plant and machinery#
consumable# power and lighting charges# office expenses etc. The overheads are
generally expressed as pKpercentage of direct labour cost.
6=. )xplain the distribution of machine cost on individual components.
&pportioning of Machine 4ost0
.et cost of press F 3s. &
.ife of press F 1 F n year F nG67G:G;GA F 6?7@n hours
Bourly cost of production F&C1
5o. 4omponents produced per hour F 5
4ost of using press per component F &C15 3s.
6>. +efine bending.
1ending is the operation by which a metal rod or pipe can be bent to form various
shapes without damaging its internal gain structure.
6A. ,hat is drifting <
&fter a hole is punched it may be opened out to any size and shape by driving a
tapered drift through it .this operation is known as drifting .
6?. +efine swaging.
"waging is the process of removing the irregularities on the surface of the work
piece produced by the process of drawing down.
7@. ,hat is net weight of forging<
2olume of forging G density of material used.
76. ,hat is filler material <
The filler material has a similar composition and melting point as the base metal.
The filler rod is used to make up losses during welding.
77. ,hat is flux <
& flux is re%uired for the welding process# so as to remove the oxide layers in the
form of fusible slag which floats on the molten metal.
78. ,hat is non pressure welding <
$n fusion welding the metal at the 'oint is heated to molten state. Then it is allowed
to solidify. -ressure is not applied in welding process.
7:. ,hat is butt 'oint <
1utt 'oint is used to 'oin the ends of two sheets or plates kept in the same plane.
7;. ,hat is lap 'oint <
$t is used to 'oin two overlapping sheets or plates.
7=. ,hat is welding cost <
$t is the cost of labor in actual welding operation.
PART A ( C'ESTIONS
'NIT-I
6. )xplain the significance# construction and applications of the following recording
techni%ues0
(i). Out line process chartL
(ii). low process chartL
(iii). Two handed process chartL and
(iv). Multiple activity chart.
7. )xplain the various techni%ues of work measurement.
8. ,hat is meant by ergonomics< +escribe the ob'ectives of the study of ergonomics.
'NIT-II
6. +efine 4&--. )xplain the various types of 4&-- approaches.
7. ,hat is process planning< ,hat are the activities associated with it.
8. 4ompare and contrast the features of variant and generative 4&-- systems.
:. 5ame the three commonly used tools for ac%uiring and documenting knowledge.
;. ,hat are the re%uirements to analyze finished parts.

'NIT -III
6. ,hat the main functions of estimation<
7. ,hat is meant by preparation of a realistic estimate<
8. +efine floor to floor time.
:. ,hat is aim of costing<
;. +ifferentiate costing and estimation.
=. +escribe with a block diagram how the selling price of a product is arriving at<
>. $llustrate the relationship between Melements of costN and Mcomponent costN with the help
of a block diagram.
'NIT-IB
6. ,hat are the causes for depreciation<
7. Bow is the gross weight in forging operation determined<
8. ,hat are the various allowances re%uired in pattern making operation<
:. Bow can you determine the size of the stock in forging<
;. +iscuss the various constituents of cost of forged components.
=. Bow can you estimate the grinding time for a cylindrical grinding operation<
>. )xplain the procedure on estimating the machining time for plain milling a flat
surface when the width of the 'ob to be milled is more than the width of the plain milling
cutter.

'NIT-B

6. ,hat are the various losses in forging<
7.. ,hat are the different types of labour cost involved welding<
8. )stimate the milling time to cut =@ teeth on a gear blank =@mm thick# 8;mmCmin and
take
overall set up time as 6@ minutes.
:. Bow can you estimate the cost of the wooden pattern for sand molding<
ME+0+8 - PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
'NIT-I INTROD'CTION
6. ,hat is production<
-roduction consists of a series se%uential operations to produce a desirable product
acceptable to customer and meets the customer demand# with respect to the %uality and
intended function.
7. +efine the term production planning and control.
+irection and coordination of firmNs resources towards attaining the prefixed goals.
:. ,hat are the functions of production planning and control<
a. Material function# b. Machines and e%uipment# c. Methods# d. 3outing#
e. )stimating f. .oading and scheduling# g. +ispatching# h. )xpediting i. $nspection.
=. +efine the term durability.
+urability refers to the length of the active life of the product under given working
condition.
>. +efine the term dependability.
+ependability refers to the reliability with which the product serves its intended
function.
A. +efine the term "tandardization.
"tandardization is a process of defining and applying the conditions necessary to ensure
that given range of re%uirements can normally be met with a minimum of variety and in
a reproducible and economic manner on the basis of the best current techni%ues.
?. ,hat are the ob'ectives of "tandardization<
i) $nterchangeability of parts# components# etc.
ii) Ieeping the variety minimum.
iii) Belps to achieve a better control due to reduced variety.
6@. ,hat are the advantages of "tandardization<
i)3eduction of waste and obsolescence.
ii)3eduction in inventory
iii)3educed efforts in book keeping and accounting.
iv)"tandardization reduces the price because of economy of scale.
v) )ase in procurement because of availability.
66. ,hat is simplification<
$t is a process of reducing types of products within a definite range.
67. ,hat is specialization<
$t is a process where in particular firms concentrate on the manufacture of limited
number of product types.
68. ,hat are the disadvantages of simplification<
i) 5ot able to meet the needs of wide range of customer preferences.
ii) -ossibility of loosing orders to competitors
iii) 4reates a constant source of conflict between marketing and production.
6:. +efine the term break(even point.
1reak(even point refers to the level of sales at which the sale income e%ual the total
costs.
6;. ,hat is margin of safety<
$t is the difference between the existing level of output and the level of output at 1)-.
6=. ,hat are the levels of production palnning <
factory planning # process planning # operation planning.
6>.what are the factors control the production planning <
volume production # nature of process# nature of operations.
6A.,hat are the phases involves in --4 <
a. pre planning phase . 7. planning phase. 8. control phase.
6?.,hat is meant by productivity<
-roductivity is measure of how effectively the resources of an enterprise are being
managed. $t is defined as the ratio of output to the input.
7@.,hat are methods for determining the financial feasibility<
-ayback period# rate of return# present worth# and uniform annual cost
76.,hat is meant by payback period<
The payback period is the time during which benefits from the investment e%ual to
the cost of investment. $t can be expressed as
-- F 4 C ("(&)# where 4Fre%uired investment
"Fannual savings
&Fannual cost of utilizing the investment
77.,hat are the methods available to improve the productivity<
$ncreasing the output for a given input
+ecreasing the input for a given output
2arying both the output and input in such a way that their ratio increases
78.,hat is meant by mass production<
$n mass production of discrete parts or assemblies# the production volume is high.
Bere the dedicated special purpose machine can be used for mass production.
)g. Manufacturing of bicycles# washing machines# and video games
7:.,hat is meant by batch production<
$n batch production of parts or assemblies# the volume is lower# and variety higher
than in mass production. Bere goods are manufactured in batches that be repeated as
re%uired. $t is some times referred to as mid volume# mid variety operation.
)g. 1ooks# apparels etc
7;.,hat is meant by 'ob shop production<
The 'ob shop represents the most versatile production facility. ,ith in the limitations
of machine and the operators# it can manufacture almost any product. ,ith a low
production volume # the cost of product design and set up time is high.
)g -roduction facilities for aircrafts# ships# and special machine tools.

7=. ,hat is meant by product life cycle<
&n expression to describe the length of time a product lasts in the market. $t
comprises the period of conception# design# production# use# and finally termination when
not needed by the market. lexible technologies allow shorter product life cycles# which
mean more fre%uent design and model changes
'NIT-II )OR* ST'DY
6. ,hat is method study<
$t is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of
doing work# as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective method
reduced costs.
7. ,hat are the ob'ectives of method study<
i) To present and analyze true facts concerning the situation.
ii) To examine those facts critically.
iii) To develop the best answer possible under given circumstances based on critical
examination of facts.
8. ,hat are the charts used for method study<
i) Operation process chart# ii). low process chart. iii). Multiple activity chart#
iv) Two handed process chart# v). Travel chart# vi). "imo chart.
:. ,hat are the diagrams used for method study<
i) low and string diagram# ii). Models and templates# iii). 4ycle graph and chronocycle
graph.
;. ,hat is outline process chart<
The chart gives the birdNs(eye view of the whole process by recording only the ma'or
activities and inspections involved in the process.
=. ,hat is time study<
The application of techni%ues designed to establish the timer for a %ualified worker to
carry out a specified 'ob at a defied level of performance.
>. ,hat is work sampling<
& techni%ue in which a statistically competent number of instantaneous observations are
taken# over a period of time# of group of machines# process or workers. )ach
observations recorded for a particular activity or delay is a measure of the percentage of
time observed by the occurrence.
A. ,hat is multiple activity chart<
$t is a chart on which the activities of more than one sub'ect are each recorded on a
common time scale to show their interrelationship.
?. ,hat is "imo chart<
$t is used to record simultaneously on a common time scale the activities of two hands or
other parts of workerNs body during the performance of single cycle of operation being
investigated.
6@. ,hat are therbligs<
Therbligs are the symbols used to denote the various activities and movements done for
different purposes.
66. ,hat is memo motion study<
Memo motion study is a form of time(lapse photography which records activity by the
use of cine camera adapted to take picture at longer intervals than normal.
67. ,hat is -MT"<
& work measurement techni%ue whereby times established for basic human motions are
used to build up the time for a 'ob at the defined level of performance.
68. ,hat are the various templates and models used for method study<
(a) 7(dimensional templates
(b) 7(dimensional models
(c) 8(dimensional models

6:. ,hat are principles of motion economy<
(a) *se of the human body.
(b) &rrangement of workplace.
(c) +esign of tools and e%uipment.
6;. ,hat are the various techni%ues of work measurement<
(a) Time study
(b) "ynthesis
(c) ,ork sampling
(d) &nalytical estimating
(e) -redetermined motion and time study
6=. )xplain the term normal time.
5ormal time is the time for carrying out a work or an element of work at standard
rating.
6>. ,hy some allowances have to be added in normal time<
There is no provision# in the normal time# for the interruptions that occur on every
'ob each day# such as time re%uired by the workers for personal needs and rest and for
delay due to reasons beyond his control. To compensate for theses delays# the normal
time is increased by adding some allowances.
6A. ,hat are the various allowances added in normal time<
a. 3elaxation allowance.
b. atigue allowance.
c. -ersonal allowance.
d. -rocess delay allowance.
e. "pecial allowance such as interference and contingency allowance.
6?. ,hat are the various time study e%uipment<
(a) "top watch
(b) Time study board
(c) Time study forms
(d) Motion picture camera
7@. ,hat are the application of work measurement various techni%ues<
Techni%ues &pplications
a) Time study "hort cycle repetitive 'obs
(b) "ynthesis "hort cycle repetitive 'obs
$ ,ork sampling .ong cycle 'obs
(d) &nalytical estimating "hort cycle repetitive 'obs.
(e) -redetermined motion. Manual operations confined to one work centre
time study.
76. +efine process allowances
These are allowances provided to compensate for enforced idleness during a process.
77. 5ame the special allowances .
i) startup allowances. ii) shut down allowances.
iii) 4leaning allowances. iv) Tool allowances.
v) 4hangeover allowance.
78. what are the basic procedure for method study <
select# record # examine# develop# define# install# maintain.
7:. .ist the ob'ectives of work measurements <
To reduce or eliminate non productive time.
To fix standard time for doing a 'ob.
To develop standard data for future reference.
To improve methods.
7;. ,hat is work study <
work study is generic term for the techni%ues of method study and work measurement .
These techni%ues are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts.
'NIT-III PROD'CTION PLANNING AND PROCESS PLANNING
6. ,hat is production planning<
$t is the determination# ac%uisition and arrangement of all facilities necessary for future
production products.
7. ,hat are the factors affecting production planning<
i) 5on(availability of materials
ii) -lant# e%uipment and machine breakdown
iii) 4hanges in demand and rush orders.
iv) &bsenteeism of workers.
v) .ack of coordination and communication between various functional areas of
business.
77. ,hat is value analysis<
2alue analysis is the systematic application of recognized techni%ues which identify the
function of a product or service# establish a monetary value for the function and provide
the necessary function reliably at that lowest overall cost.
:. ,hen to apply value analysis<
i) 4ompanyNs products are loosing in the market and there is a decline in sales.
ii) 4ompnyNs products are priced higher than the competitors.
iii) 5ew design of products being undertaken.
iv) "ymptoms of disproportionate increase in cost of production.
v) +ecreasing profitability and return on investment.
vi) 4ompany failing to meet its delivery commitment.
;. ,hat is process planning<
$t is defined as the systematic determination of methods by which a product is to be
manufactured economically and competitively.
=. ,hat are the activities associated with process planning<
O .ist of operations to be performed and their se%uence.
O "pecifications of the machines and e%uipment re%uired
O 5ecessary toolings 'igs and fixtures.
O !ives the manufacturing details with respect to feed# speed# and depth of cut for each
operation to be performed.
O $t gives the estimated or processing times of operations.
>. ,hat is the information re%uired for process planning<
i) &ssembly and component drawings and bill of materials.
ii) Machine or e%uipment details.
iii) The standard times for operation and details of set(up time for each 'ob.
iv) &vailability of toolings.
A. ,hat are the factors affecting process planning<
i) 2olume of production
ii) +elivery dates for components
iii)&ccuracy and process capability of machines.
iv) The skill and expertise of manpower.
v) Material specifications
vi) &ccuracy re%uirements of components or parts.
?. ,hat are the steps in process planning<
i) +etailed study of the component drawings# process and machine selection# inspection
stages and toolings re%uired.
ii) .ist the surfaces to be machined.
iii) +etermine the work centre# tools# cutting tools# 'igs and fixtures and inspection
stages and e%uipment re%uired.
iv) +etermine the speed# feed and depth of cut for each operation.
v) )stimate the operation time.
vi) ind the total time to complete the 'ob.
vii) 3epresent the details on the process sheet.
6@. ,hat is machine capacity<
M4( Machine capacity
M-(Max production
*4(*tilization capacity
5 P 5umber of machines
"T("tandard time
M4 F "T G M-C5 G *4.
66. ,hat is *se value <
$t is the measure of properties# %ualities# and features which make the product accomplish a
use.
use value is the fundamentals form of economic value.
67.what is cost value <
$t is the measure of sum of all costs incurred in producing the product.
68.what are the reasons for unnecessary costs <
failure to utilize specialized knowledge.
poor design of the component.
lack of ideas and relevant information.
lack of standardization and exaggerated specification.
unavoidable delivery constraints.
&dvances in technology is not considered.
6:.what are the steps involved in value analysis <
1lastQ(i) $dentify the product. (ii) 4ollect relevant information (iii) +efine different
functions.
createQiv) 4reate different alternatives. v) critically evaluate alternatives.
refineQvi) +evelop the best alternative. vii) implement the alternative.
6;.what are factors affecting the selection of batch sizes <
6 setup costs of machines and other costs of preparation for the run.
7.consumption rate.
8.production rate.
:.interest charges per piece per unit time.
;.&verage storage costs.
=.sales price per unit.
6=.what are the criteria for slection of batch sizes <
6.minimum costs per piece.
7.maximum profit for the batch.
8.maximum ration of profit to cost of production.
:. maximum rate of return per unit time.
6>. ,hat is meant by machine loading <
machine loading is the process of the assigning specific 'obs to machines # men or work
centers based on relative priorities and capacity utilization.
6A. list the information re%uired for machine loading <
i) 5umber and identification of work order.
ii) symbol and identification of part.
iii)number of parts in each lot.
iv) list of operations to be performed.
v) se%uences in which operations.# specifications of machines.
6?.what is master production program<
The various informationNs re%uired for machine loading and se%uence are usually presented
in a graphical form known as master production programme.
7@.+efine machine output
machine output is inversely proportional to cycle time.
76. what is meant by balancing <
balancing refers to the procedure of ad'usting the times at work centers to conform as much
as possible to re%uired cycle time.
77.,hat are the process planning techni%ues used in the modern manufacturing
technologies<
Manual approach
4omputer aided process planning techni%ues
3etrieval type 4&-- system (2ariant type 4&-- system)
!enerative type 4&-- system
78.,hat is meant by 4&--<
4omputer aided process planning system offers the potential for reducing the routine
clerical work of manufacturing engineers. $t provides the opportunity to generate
routings which are rational# consistent and perhaps even optimal.
7:.,hat is meant by retrieval type 4&-- (2ariant type) systems<
or each part family a standard process plan is established and stored in computer
files and then it is retrieved for new work parts which belong to that family. 1ecause of
the alterations that are made in the retrieved process plan# the 4&-- system is known as
variant system.
7;.,hat is meant by generative 4&-- system<
!enerative process planning involves the use of computer to create an individual
process plan automatically without human assistance. The computer would employ a set
of algorithms to progress through the various technical and logical decisions toward a
final plan.
7=.,hat are the types of variant type process planning systems<
4&--# M$-.&5# M$T*35# M$&--# *5$2&T$O5# 4$5T*35# and 4OM4&--2.
7>.,hat are the types of generative type process planning systems<
M)T4&--# 4---# &*T&-# and &--&"
7A.,hat are the steps involved in the design for manufacturing<
!uidelines for the general approach to +M
"election of manufacturing processes (4hoice of production process)
!uidelines for particular processes
!uidelines for assembly
7?.,hat are the benefits of computer aided process planning (4&--)<
6. -rocess rationalization
7. $ncreased productivity of process planners
8. 3educed turn around time
:. $mproved legibility
;. $ncorporation of other application program.
'NIT-IB PROD'CTION SCHED'LING
6. ,hat is loading<
$t is defined as the assignment of work to a facility. The facility may be men# machine# a
department# a group of men# group of machines of a plant.
7. ,hat is scheduling<
$t is time phasing of loading. $t is defined as the assignment of work to a facility
specifying the particular se%uence of the work and the time of actual performance.
>. ,hat is line balancing<
&ssembly line balancing is associated with a product layout in which products are
processed as they pass through a line of work centers. &n assembly line can be
considered as a production se%uence where parts are assembled together to form an end
product. The operations are carried out at different workstations situated along the line.
A. ,hat are the advantages of assembly line<
i) *niform rate of production. ii) .ess material handling
iii) .ess work(in(process. iv))asy production control.
v) )ffective use of facilitiesClabour. vi) .ess congesting.
?. ,hat are the disadvantages of assembly line<
i) More capital intensive.
ii) .ow flexibility.
iii) Monotony of work for operators.
6@. ,hat are the steps in solving line balancing problems<
i) +efine task
ii) $dentify precedence re%uirements.
iii) 4alculate minimum number of workstations re%uired to produce desired output.
iv) &pply heuristics to assign task to each station.
v) )valuate effectiveness and efficiency.
vi) "eek futher improvement.
66. ,hat are the advantages of !antt load chart<
i) This system is %uite simple.
ii) This could be maintained even by electrical staff after some training.
iii) Overall cost of operation is small.
67. ,hat are the disadvantages of !antt load chart<
rom the load chart it is not possible to learn the exact time of a work. $t tells only the
total load ahead of a department or a facility.
6:. ,hat is production se%uencing<
+etermining the order of processing of all 'obs at each work centre.
6;. ,hat is expediting<
Monitoring progress# taking corrective actions to minimize deviations.
6=.,hat is lot splitting <
$n which a 'ob order is split and only part of it is processed now and others are processed
later.
6>. what is operations splitting <
processing part of the 'ob in one work centre and the rest at another.
6A.what are the criteria for se%uencing <
setup cost# process inventory# idle time# average time to complete 'ob.# average number of
'obs waiting in %ue# average time the 'obs are late.
6?. ,hat is .-T <
longest processing time.
7@.what is -4O <
-referred customer order.
76.what is critical ration for scheduling <
critical ratio F +emand time C supply lead time.
77. what are the advantages of critical scheduling <
To fix up relative 'ob priorities for scheduling .
status of each 'ob is determined.
schedule can be ad'usted automatically when there are changes in 'ob demand and progress.
78. ,hat is forward scheduling <
set forward is commonly used in 'ob shops where customers place their orders on needed as
soon as as possible basis. forward scheduling determines start and finish times of next
priority 'ob by assigning it the earliest available time slot and form that time# determines
when the 'ob will be finished in the work center.
7:.what is 'ob cards<
card authorize the work man to sart the work on certain material# indicate what to do and
also serves as a means of production progress.
7;.what is shortage chasing <
$t is the 'ob of comparing the actual availability of material and parts with the %uantities
re%uired for production and of reporting any shortages so that they can be produced %uickly.
7=.what is inventory turn over <
$f the company maintains inventories e%ual to three months consumption. $t means that
inventory turnover is : times a year. The entire inventory is used up and replaced : times a
year.
'NIT-B INBENTORY CONTROL AND RECENT TRENDS IN PPC
6. ,hat are the types of inventories<
i) 3aw materials# ii) 1ought out parts# iii) ,ork(in(process inventories# iv) inished
goods inventories v) Maintenance# repair and operating stores.
7. ,hat are the benefits of inventory control<
i) $mprovement in customerNs relationship because of the timely delivery of goods and
services.
ii) "mooth and uninterrupted production and hence no stock out.
iii) )fficient utilization of working capital.
iv) Belps in minimizing loss due to deterioration# obsolescence damage and preliferage.
v) )conomy in purchasing.
vi) )liminates the possibility of duplicate ordering.
8. ,hat is inventory turnover<
$f the company maintains inventories e%ual to 8months consumption. $t means that
inventory turnover is : times a year# i.e.# the entire inventory is used up and replaced :
times a year.
:. +efine the term 3e(order level.
$t is the point at which the replenishment action is initiated. ,hen the stock level
reaches 3.O...# the order is placed for the item.

;. +efine the term 3e(order %uantity.
This is the %uantity of material to be ordered at the re(order level. 5ormally this %uantity
e%uals the economic order %uantity.
=. ,hat is demand<
$t is the number of items re%uired per unit of time. The demand may be either
deterministic or probabilistic in nature.
>. +efine the term order cycle.
The time period between two successive orders is called order cycle.
A. ,hat is lead time<
The length of time between placing an order and receipt of items is called lead time.
$t is the time that elapses between placing of an order and the receiving the material to stock.
$t an order to placed today and material is received after one month# then the lead time is one
month. the lead time determines the amount of material to be kept in stock.
?. ,hat are the various costs associated with inventory<
i) -urchase cost# ii) 4apital cost# iii) Ordering cost# iv) Bolding costs# v) "hortage cost.
6@. ,hat is an )conomic order %uantity<
$t is the %uantity to be ordered is one that strikes a balance between the inventory
carrying cost and the inventory carrying cost. This %uantity is referred to as )conomic
order %uantity.
66. ,hat is safety stock<
The additional stock of material to be maintained in order to meet the unanticipated
increase in demand arising out of uncontrollable factors.
67. ,hat are the advantages of &14 analysis<
This approach helps the manager to exercise selective control and focus his attention
only on a few items.
68. ,hat are the limitations of &14 analysis<
&14 analysis is a fundamental tool for exercising selective control over numerous
inventory items but in present for do not precise consideration of all relevant problems
of inventory management.
$t is not one time exercise and items are to be reviewed and recategorised periodically
6:.+ifferentiate between M3- and 4apacity planning<
Materials 3e%uirement -lanning is used to plan the materials# while the capacity
planning is used to determine the man power and machine capacities re%uired to meet
the production schedule as well as long term future production need of the firm.
6; ,hat is the use of order progress<
The order progress is used to provide data for work(in(progress status report# shop
order status and capacity control.
Order progress collects data from shop floor and generates reports to assist
production management.
6=. what are the classification of inventory <
Transit inventories
cycle inventories
buffer inventories.
decoupling inventories.
$nventory can also classified according to nature of items stocked namely raw materials# in
process inventories# finished goods inventories and spare part inventories.
6>. what are the factors affecting inventory control policy <
6.4haraecteristics of the manufacturing system.
7.amount of production against shortages.
8.organizational factors.
6A. $nventory carrying or holiday or storage cost <
cost of maintaining inventory.
rent for the space# cost of depreciation.
$nterest on the capital.
the wages and salaries of staff.
$nsurance# deterioration# obsolence cost etc.
6?. ,hat is "hortage cost <
$t is the cost that arises due to unfailing of demand in the stock out period.
7@. ,hat is setup cost <
This is the cost incurred in changing the inventory.
76. ,hat is procurement cost <
These are the costs incurred by inventory system itself in making a procurement of items or
in receving the items to stock. $ncludes inspection costs also.
78. .ist the application of &14 analysis.

To evolve useful recording strategy.
stock records.
$nformation of items which re%uire higher degree of control.
priority treatment for different items.
determination of safety stock limits.
stores layout.
value analysis.
7:. ,hat is -$4" <
-roduction $nventory and control system.
7;.,hat is waste of motion <
study motion for economy and consistency. economy improves productivity and
consistency improves %uality. first improve the motions # then mechanize or automate
otherwise there is danger of automating waste.
7=.what are the basic components of M3- system <
i) Master production schedule.(M-") ii) 1ill of materials (1OM) iii) $nventory status
ile.
)3O+) ")5!*5TB&3 )5!$5))3$5! 4O..)!)
TB*+*-&TB$# )3O+)(;>
+)-&3TM)5T O M)4B&5$4&. )5!$5))3$5!
ME-+0+8 PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
&ssignment 6 Ruestions
'NIT + INTROD'CTION TO PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
)numerate the activities involved in production planning and control function under ten
convenient points<
)xplain the different types of production systems. +ifferentiate between them.
+iscuss the ten functions of production planning cycle<
)xplain 1rake )ven analysis.
,rite detailed notes on
6. standardization
7. simplification
8. "pecification.
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TB*+*-&TB$# )3O+)(;>
+)-&3TM)5T O M)4B&5$4&. )5!$5))3$5!
ME-+0+8 PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
&ssignment $$ Ruestions
'NIT 2 )OR* ST'DY
)xplain the various types of time study<
+iscuss pre determined time standards<
)xplain micro motion time study<
)xplain the work sampling process.
,hat are therbligs < )xplain any five therbligs with symbols<
)3O+) ")5!*5TB&3 )5!$5))3$5! 4O..)!)
TB*+*-&TB$# )3O+)(;>
+)-&3TM)5T O M)4B&5$4&. )5!$5))3$5!
ME-+0+8 PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
&ssignment $$$ Ruestions
'NIT 4 PROD'CT PLANNING AND PROCESS PLANNING
+iscuss in detail the different phases of applying value analysis<
)xplain the steps involved in product planning and process planning<
,hat do you mean by minimum cost batch size< &lso derive an expression for it<
,hat is mean by machine loading< &lso enumerate the vriious methods to the cycle time to
minimum<
4ompare and contrast the manual and computer aided process planning<
)3O+) ")5!*5TB&3 )5!$5))3$5! 4O..)!)
TB*+*-&TB$# )3O+)(;>
+)-&3TM)5T O M)4B&5$4&. )5!$5))3$5!
ME-+0+8 PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
&ssignment $2 Ruestions
'NIT 5 PROD'CTION SCHED'LING
+escribe the information flow for master scheduling<
)xplain !antt chart with an example<
,hat is a priority se%uence< )xplain six priority rules used for 'ob se%uencing<
,rite a detailed notes on flow production scheduling and batch production scheduling<
,hat is progressing< )xplain its functions<
)xplain the factors affecting scheduling .
)3O+) ")5!*5TB&3 )5!$5))3$5! 4O..)!)
TB*+*-&TB$# )3O+)(;>
+)-&3TM)5T O M)4B&5$4&. )5!$5))3$5!
ME-+0+8 PROD'CTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
&ssignment 2 Ruestions
'NIT 8 INBENTORY CONTROL AND RECENT TRENDS IN PPC
+iscuss the different costs associated with inventory<
+erive an expression for )OR with uniform date of demand with out shortages<
+iscuss in detail of 9$T and )3-<
,hat is &14 analysis< )xplain its significance in inventory control with a suitable
example<
+escribe the fixed period %uantity inventory model then compare the - and R system<
)xplain M3- P$$ in +etail.
)xplain the ob'ectives of M3-.