MasterYour Topic

Tutorial 1 : Function
ADDMATHS


Inverse Function
The diagram shows the function
f ( x ) = 4/(4-x ) , x #4
for the domain J and codomain G

If the arrows are in reverse order, a new function will be
formed as shown below :-

This is the inverse function of f and is written as f
-1

Generally ,when f ( x ) = y
then
f
-1( y ) = x

Question 1
The function f is defined as f ( x ) = 4/(4-x ) , x #4
Find
( a ) f ( 2x + 1 ) , x # 3/2
( b ) f
-1
( x )
( c ) f
-1
( 2 )
( a )Solution Method
Given f ( x ) = 4/( 4 - x )
rewrite as f ( Z ) = 4/( 4 - Z) == ( i )
Let f ( 2x + 1 ) = f ( Z ) ; == ( ii )
where Z = ( 2x + 1 )
Thus, from ( i ) & ( ii ),
f ( 2x + 1 ) = 4/( 4 - Z)
= 4/( 4 -( 2x + 1 ) )
( a ) Solution
==> f( 2x + 1 ) = 4/( 4 - ( 2x+1 ) )
= 4 ( 3-2x )
( b )Solution Method ( I )
Let f
-1
( x ) = y
then f ( y ) = x
OR
( b )Solution Method ( II )
Let f ( x ) = y
then f
-1
( y ) = x
( b ) solution ( I )
Let f
-1
( x ) = y == ( 1 )
then, f ( y ) = x == ( 2 )
but f ( y ) = 4/(4-y ),
( 2 ) becomes 4 / ( 4 - y ) = x
4 = 4x - yx
yx = 4x -4
= 4 ( x - 1 )
y = 4( x - 1 ) / x ; x # 0 == ( 3 )
From ( 1 ) & ( 3 ) : f
-1
( x ) = 4 (x -1 ) / x ; x #0
OR
( b )Solution ( II )
f ( x )= 4 / ( 4 - x )
Let y = 4 / ( 4 - x ) == ( 1 )
The above can be written as
f ( x ) = y == ( 2 )
and f
-1
( y ) = x == ( 3 )
from ( 1 ) , y = 4 / ( 4 - x )
y ( 4 - x )= 4
4y - xy = 4
4y - 4 = xy
xy = 4( y - 1 )
x = 4 ( y- 1 ) / y
Thus, ( 3 ) becomes : f
-1
( y ) = 4 (y -1 ) / y ; y #0
OR
f
-1
( x ) = 4(x -1 ) / x ; x #0
Solution ( c )
f
-1
( 2 ) = 4(2 -1 ) / 2
= 4 /2
= 2
Question II
Given that f ( x ) = 3x + 1, find f
2
( x ) and f
3
( x )
Solution
f
2
( x ) = ff( x ) Note : f
2
( x ) # [ f( x ) ]
2

= f ( f( x ) )
= f( Z ) ; where Z = f( x )
= 3Z + 1
= 3f( x) + 1
= 3( 3x + 1 ) + 1
= 9x + 4
Solution
f
3
( x ) = ff
2
( x )
= f ( f
2
( x ) )
= f( Z ) ; where Z = f
2
( x )
= 3Z + 1
= 3f
2
( x) + 1
= 3( 9x + 4 ) + 1
= 27x + 13
Assessment
( 1 ) The function f is defined as f ( x ) = 5/(2-x ) , x #2
Find
( a ) f
-1
( x )
( b ) f
-1
( 4 )
Ans : ( a ) f
-1
( x ) = ( 2x -5 ) / x ; x #0
( b ) f
-1
( 4 ) = 3/4
( 2 ) The function f is defined as f ( x ) = 7/(x-7 ) , x #k
( a ) Write down the value of k
( b ) f
-1
( x )
Ans: ( a ) k = 7
( b ) f
-1
( x ) = ( 7/x )(x + 1 )



















Composite Functions
The diagram shows the function
h ( x ) = 2x - 3
mapping object from set J to set G
and function g ( x ) = 4x-1
mapping objects from set G to set R

Set J can be mapped to set R directly by a composite function, gh
gh( x ) = g [ h( x ) ]
= g [ z ] ; where z = h ( x )
= 4z - 1
= 4[ h( x )] - 1
= 4 [ 2x-3 ] - 1
= 8x - 12 - 1
= 8x - 13
Question 2
The following information refers to to the function h and g
h : x ->2x -3
g : x -> 4x - 1
Find
( a ) hg( x )
( b ) gh
-1
( x )
( a ) Solution Method
Given h ( x ) = 2x -3 == ( i )
g( x ) = 4x-1 ==( ii )
==> hg( x ) = h( g( x ) )
= h( 4x - 1 )
rewrite as hg( X ) = h ( X ) == ( iii ) ,
where X = 4x -1
From ( i ) , h ( x ) = 2x - 3
==> h ( x ) = 2X - 3
= 2 ( 4x - 1 ) -3
= 8x -2 -3
= 8x - 5
( a ) Solution
hg( x ) = h( g( x ) )
= h( 4x - 1 )
= h( X ) ; where X = 4X - 1
= 2X - 3 ; since h( X ) = 2X - 3
= 2( 4x - 1 ) - 3
= 8x -5
( b ) Solution Method for gh
-1
( x )
gh
-1
( x ) = g( h
-1
( x ) )
= g( z ) ; where z = h
-1
( x )
To find h
-1
( x )
( i )Solution Method ( I )
Let h
-1
( x ) = y
then h ( y ) = x
OR
( i )Solution Method ( II )
Let h ( x ) = y
then h
-1
( y ) = x
( i )Solution Method ( I )
Let h
-1
( x ) = y == ( 1 )
then, h ( y ) = x == ( 2 )
but h ( y ) = 2y - 3,
( 2 ) becomes 2y - 3 = x
2y = x + 3
y = ( x + 3 ) / 2 == ( 3 )
From ( 1 ) & ( 3 ), h
-1
( x ) = ( x + 3 ) / 2
OR
( i )Solution Method ( II )
h ( x )= 2x - 3
Let y = 2x - 3 === ( * )
The above can be written as
h ( x ) = y === ( ** )
and h
-1
( y ) = x === ( *** )
from ( * ) , y = 2x - 3
y + 3 = 2x
x = ( y + 3 ) / 2
Thus, ( *** ) becomes : h
-1
( y ) = (y + 3 ) / 2
OR
h
-1
( x ) = (x + 3 ) / 2
Note that z = h
-1
( x )
= (x + 3 ) / 2 === ( 4 )
Hence, gh
-1
( x ) = g( h
-1
( x ) )
= g( z )
Note : g ( x ) = 4x - 1
=> g( z ) = 4z-1
= 4z - 1
= 4( (x +3 ) / 2 ) - 1
= [2 ( x + 3 ) ]- 1
= ( 2x + 6 ) - 1
= 2x + 5

Question 3
The diagram shows the function h : x -> (m -2x) / x # 0, where
m is constant

Find the value of m
Solution
h ( x ) = ( m - 2x ) /x , x #0
Given that h ( 2 ) = 4
( m - 4 ) / 2 = 4
m - 4 = 8
m = 12
m = 4
Assessment
The diagram shows the function
f: x -> ( 8 -x ) / ( x -m ) ;x # m
Find the value of m

Ans : m = 2
















Question 4
Given the function h : x -> ax + b
h
2
: x ->16x + 15
Find the values of a and b
Solution
h
2
( x ) = h( h ( x ) )
= h( ax + b )
= a( ax + b ) + b
= a
2
x + ab +b === ( i )
Comparing ( i ) with h
2
( x ) = 16x + 15 :-
a
2
= 16 and ab +b = 15
a = 4 or a = -4
When a = 4, 4b + b = 15
5b = 15
b = 3
When a = -4, -4b + b = 15
-3b = 15
b = -5






Question 5
Given the function g : x -> ( px + q ) / (x-3 ) , x #3
g
-1
: x ->( 3x -5 ) / ( x -2 ) , x #2
Find the values of p and q
Solution
g ( x )= ( px + q ) / ( x -3 )
Let y = ( px + q ) / ( x -3 ) -- ( * )
The above can be written as
g ( x ) = y --- ( * )
and g
-1
( y ) = x -- ( ** )
from ( * ) , y = ( px + q ) / ( x -3 )
xy -3y = px + q
xy-px = q + 3y
x ( y -p ) = q + 3y
x = ( q + 3y ) / ( y - p )
Thus, ( ** ) becomes :
g
-1
( y ) = ( q + 3y ) / ( y - p ) , y # p
OR
g
-1
( x ) = ( q + 3x ) / ( x - p ) , x # p == ( 1 )
but g
-1
( x ) = ( 3x -5 ) / ( x -2 ), == ( 2 )
Comparing ( 1 ) with ( 2 ) :-
q = -5, p = 2

Question 6
The function f is defined as f ( x ) = 29 - px , f
-1
( 2 ) = 3
Find
( a ) the value of p
( b ) the image of 3 under f
( a )Solution Method ( I )
Let f
-1
( x ) = y
then f ( y ) = x
OR
( a )Solution Method ( II )
Let f ( x ) = y
then f
-1
( y ) = x
( a )Solution ( I )
Given that f
-1
( 2 ) = 3
Thus, f ( 3 ) = 2
29 -3p = 2
( 29-2 ) -3p = 0
3p =27
p = 9
OR
( a )Solution ( II)
f ( x )= 29 - px
Let y = 29 - px == ( * )
The above can be written as
f ( x ) = y == ( ** )
and f
-1
( y ) = x == ( *** )
from ( * ) , y = 29 - px
px = 29 - y
x = ( 1/p )(29 - y )
Thus, ( *** ) becomes : f
-1
( y ) = ( 1/p )(29 - y )
OR
f
-1
( x ) =( 1/p )(29 - x )
Given that f
-1
( 2 ) = 3
=> ( 1/p )(29 - 2 ) = 3
( 1/p ) ( 27 ) = 3
( 1/p )( 9 ) = 1
9/p = 1
p = 9
Solution Method ( b )
f( 3 ) = ?
Solution ( b )
f ( x ) = 29 - 9x
f ( 3 ) = 29 - ( 9 )( 3 )
= 29 - 27
= 2
i.e the image of 3 under f is 2
Question 7
Given the function g : x -> kx + 12
g ( -3 ) = 6
Find
( a ) the value of k
( b ) the object that is mapped onto itself by f
Solution ( a )
g ( x )= kx + 12
Given that g ( -3 ) = 6
-3k + 12 = 6
-3k = -6
k= 2
Solution Method ( b )
g ( x ) = x = ?
Solution ( b )
g ( x ) = x
2x + 12 = x
x = -12
x = -12
i.e the object that maps onto itself by g is x = -12