It might be surprising to some, but there actually is a god in Mainlnders philoso phy. Or to be more precise, there was a god. Before our universe was born, the o nly thing that existed was the basic unity*, a being in a state that can only be described by negations: It was not bound to time or space or matter. It existed in a transcendental world that has nothing to with the laws of physics or anyth ing else that we know from our world. All we can say about the basic unity, is t hat is has been and is no longer, it vanished with the birth of our universe, wh ich is the only miracle that ever happened. Everything that happened after that miracle, the very second the universe was born, is our world where our laws of p hysics make sense. After defining the basic unity as a being that is absolutely different from us and is furthermore the cause of the birth of our entire univer se, we can now give that being the name it deserves: God. But we can not try to describe this God any further, because that would mean leaving our reality, proj ecting logics that only make sense in our world, into another world. The only th ing we know is that the basic unity must have been killing itself, because it wa s the only thing existing before the universe and therefore it couldn't have bee n killed by anything else, because there wasn't anything that could have killed it. Therefore the universe, as we know it, was born through the suicide of God. God decided that he can't bear his existence anymore and that he wishes to turn into Nothingness. But he was not able to reach that goal without thereby creatin g our world, because the path from his over-being** to Nothingness required a tr ansition, which is being as we know it, our universe. This entire world is there fore nothing more than God's "body", that is in all its components rotting into nothingness now.
The Universal Law of the Weakening of Power
The course of the universe is therefore defined as a movement from the over-bein g (God) through the being (our universe) into nothingness. The world itself is t he decay in the plurality, that means in egoistic individuals that are fighting each other. This path is predestined and it couldn't have been any other, any sh orter or any longer than exactly how it is. The universal law of the weakening o f the power (entropy) causes the world to decay in a large amount of unorganic a nd organic individuals that are all weakening the power of other beings and thei r environment and the same time getting weakened themself by the overall course of the universe. The purpose of every natural force, every form of matter and ev ery form of life is exclusively to weaken the power sum of the universe by livin g the path through the state of being into nothingness. Every part of nature is desiring for absolute death, because that is the ultimate goal of every form of matter and life - to turn into nothing.
Teleology of Annihilation
The universe is in a state of harmony, despite all the fighting and slaughtering that is going on in it. It is in harmony, because every part of it origins from the basic unity, the God that killed himself and therefore created the universe . Each individual once was a part of the basic unity, therefore it is exactly wh at it decided to be, when it was part of God. All the individual beings, no matt er if organic or unorganic, are now representing Gods will to die. Therefore, th e will to die is the driving force of the universe. In the unorganic kingdom we have gases, liquids and solid substances. The gas only has one striving: to sepe rate in all directions. If it could unimpededly exert this striving, it would be come weaker and weaker. If it truly fulfilled its striving, it would be annihila ted. Liquids only have one striving: It wants to flow apart, to an ideal point, that is outside of itself. The striving for an ideal point outside itself is obv iously a striving for annihilation, nothingness. Every solid substance or body h as only one striving: to an ideal point, which is outside of itself. On our eart h this point would be the center of the planet. If it would reach this goal, it would be annihilated the moment it reached it and turn into nothingness. In the unorganic kingdom we have seen the will to die in its blunt form. Now we move to the organic kingdom, where things are getting a little bit tricky. A pla nt grows, procreates and dies. While in the unorganic kingdom "life" only meant a repression of the will to die by chemical processes, the plant obviously wants life, because it grows and procreates to turn its absolute death into a relativ e death, by spreading it's "idea" into the future. Therefore, what we see here f or the first time, is the will to live. The plant also has the will to die, but it can't reach it in the straight way, therefore its life is a medium for the pu rpose to reach death. Animals are initially plants and all we said about plants also goes for them. But what seperates them from each other, is that the animal instinctively fears death. If it realizes any threat for its life it either flee s or fights for its life. Obviously, what happened here is that the medium (life ) is putting itself in front of the purpose (death). The animal is, just like th e unorganic individuals, will to die. While plants developed the will to live as a medium for the purpose to reach the goal, which is death, the animals will to die is now completely masked by the will to live. On the surface the animal onl y wants life and fears death, but that doesn't change the fact that it will even tually die and therefore deep down it is also the will to die, which is the driv ing force of everything, because reality itself is nothing more than a rotting G od. Humans are initially animals and all we said about animals also goes for the m. But what seperates humans from the all the other individuals that repesent th e will to die, is that this basic universal will not only gets completely masked like with the animals, but it truly sinks down into the deepest abyss of oblivi on and the only thing that seems to be left as the driving force is the will to live. Humans compasionately love their life and even the slightest thought about death disturbes them. The medium coompletely covers the purpose, life is abnorm ally loved , death is abnormally hated.
Mankind, Civilisation and the Ideal State
The movement of mankind as a whole isn't any other and can't be any other than t he movement of the universe. It's the movement from the over-being through the b eing into the nothingness. Every action of a human, the most nobel just as the l owest, is egoistic. Because just like the devil can't see his fellow people bein g happy, the saint can't see them being unhappy or suffering. Therefore, the dev il and the saint, both act for egoistic reasons and both contribute to the overa ll movement of mankid. This movements final goal is nothingness of course, but f or mankind in special, it is the reaching of the ideal state. The ideal state wo uld be the ultimate utopia, a socialistic paradise to which all efforts of human ity will finally lead. It will be a world without war, hunger and any sufferings beside the sufferings of birth, age and death. All sicknesses will be cured, an d people will have lifes of joy with just a very small amount of work, because w ork will almost completely be deported to machines. So let's take a closer look on the citizens of that ideal state. Are they happy? They would be, if they woul dn't suffer from horrible boredom and an everlasting emptiness in their lifes no w. If they even manage to live such a pointless life until natural death, they w ill not be willing to force new people into this mess by procreating. They have no hope left, because they know that they already reached the ideal state. There fore, they will come to the conclusion that human life has to end or maybe even that all life has to end, because they finally realized that there is nothing to accomplish for sentience and that it would be better if they never had existed. This will be the point where the movement of humanity (or even the movement of all life on earth) will be fulfilled and the universe would now have to move on without (human) life on earth, to reach its own final goal, which is exactly the same: Turning into nothingness.
Apologia of Suicide
The enlightened human being, equipped with the knowledge about the course of the universe and its movement into Nothingness, should now overcome all fear of dea th. Only who truly discarded that basic fear, created by the illusion of the wil l to live, which is just a mask of the true will of all beings - the will to die , is really free. What should contest an individual in that state of mind? Pover ty? He has no fear of starvation. Enemies? They could in the worst case kill him , and death has nothing horrible anymore for him. Pain? If pain gets unbearable he gets rid of his body without hesitating. One can reach that state of enlighte nment by always remembering that deep inside he wants death, because he is, like everything else, the result of a decision to die, which was the reason for the existence of our entire world. In fact, everyone was once part of the basic unit y, therefore anything that happens now to an individual is the result of that ve ry individuals decision that it made back in the basic unity. That means: That n othing in life can hit me that hasn't been chosen by myself before the world got created. Our will to die was created by the suicidal god who decided that not t o be is better than to be. Therefore, if one can't take his existence any longer , he should throw it away and turn into nothingness, which is the movement of th e entire world.
The View into the Void
The pessimistic philosophy will be for the coming period of history what the pes simistic religion of christianity was for the past. The sign of our flag is not the crucified saviour, but the death angel with huge, calm, mild eyes, carried b y the dove of the redemption thought. Redemption of the individual idea one repr esents, can be reached by not passing the core of this idea to the future. In ot her words: by not procreating. Who doesn't live on in his progeny, will be absol utely redeemed from existence. And if this form of secure redemption isn't enoug h for an individual, it has always the possibility of resigning from its life by ending it. The course of the universe has now been proven as the movement from a over-being through a being into nothingness, and therefore it is secure, that redemption will come for everyone and everything. It's that a matter of time, an d that timespan is exactly as long as it was decided to be by the basic unity. I f an individual wants to phantasize about an Garden of Eden or whatever kind of paradise after death, we should let them, in the deep conviction that they simpl y can't see that the one and only true paradise is nothingness, which was chosen by the suicidal God as a better state than "somethingness". * german: "Einfache Einheit" (I couldn't find a perfect translation, but "basic unity" is close ** german: "ber-Sein" ( I have seen the word "ber" being translated as "uber" in e ngslish sometimes, but it looks weird to me, that why i translated it directly t o "over") The Assembly Line of Death Before I move on to the philosophy of Ulrich Horstmann, another great german pes simistic thinker, I will answer some questions that have come up here, on facebo ok and other communities, and will go more into detail with some points about Ma inlnders philosophy I haven't pointed out yet: "I have a problem with the GOD-part" Some people seem to be detered by the word "god" so much that this word alone ma kes them question the entire philosophy of Mainlnder. I guess what I didn't point out good enough in the "rotting god"-essay, is that Mainlnder only uses the word "god" as another word for "singularity" or "basic unity" or however you want to call it. It is not an actual "god" and that god is also not actually committing suicide - you could also say: The singularity destroyed itself instead of "god committed suicide". So all in all: GOD is just a metaphysic symbol, to make the philosophy more poetic. "I don't get how the will to die can be the driving force of a universe that cre ated life" Since entropy seems to be the driving force of the universe, it's actually possi ble. Like you can say "singularity" instead of "god", you can also say "entropy" instead of "will to die". If you keep the picture of the rotting body of god as our universe in mind for one moment, then all the unorganic individuals (gases, liquids, stones etc) are the dead body parts rotting into nothingness, while WE , living beings, are the maggots in the rotting body of God, which is the world. So yes, we are something special in some way, but we are just rotting to noting ness in a different way than the rest of the dead body. "If god wanted to kill himself, why couldn't he reach his goal, nothingness, imm ediately" Mainlnder states that the fact, that the world exists, is proof enough that the o bstacle for god was his own existence, his essence. He couldn't turn into nothin gness just like that, because he was in his way, his own essence was stopping hi m for leaving his existence without thereby creating a world, that has now to fu lfill the will to die. Imagine, that we are not living, but dying all the time. life is just a dying process, but what is in the way of reaching the goal of dea th right now? Right, we are in the way ourself, our essence is the obstacle of r eaching nothingness, which is the goal of every life, immediately. This is repre senting gods own obstacle before the world was created. "How is Mainlnder a pessimist/antinatalist when there is a meaning in his world" That's right, in Mainlnders world there is a meaning. The meaning however, is sol ely to die for everything and everyone. The antinatal part develops from his phi losophy simply as a consequence, because why create more food for the slaughter machine? You can imagine Mainlnders cosmos as a assembly line of death, and the m ovement of that assembly line is the only meaning there is to it all. All the th ings that are transported on the assembly line, like stones, plants, animals and humans are absoltely worthless and are only there to be chopped at the end of t he line, to reach gods goal of nothingness. "The ideal state is the absolute utopia. It's beyond pollyanna. How does that fi t in" It fits in perfectly, because it would theoretically be the ultimate goal of hum anity, something that has been worked on since the first caves where lightened u p by torches. It is, however, just an abstract thought, not something that will ever be reached in reality, at least it's very unlikely. But the ultimate goal o f humanties movement would be that state and the only thing left to do after rea ching it is indeed to end it all, because 1. life is still pointless and futile, even when it's perfect and 2. the movement of the universe can't be stopped, th erefore a stagnation in the ideal state would not be possible for humanity, beca use it is part of the overall movement of the world. Some information on the person Philipp Mainlnder: Mainlnder was influenced very strong by Arthur Schopenhauer and his will-metaphys ic and for someone who isn't familiar with Schopenhauers work, Mainlnders "sequel " might seem complete nonsense. I can only suggest anyone who wants to read the actual book of the Philosophy of Reedemption to read Schopenhauers mainwork "The world as will and representation" before that. Mainlnder has also written some dramas, novels and poems. His death wish shines o ut of all of them here and there, however the creation of "the will to die" is o f course the peak of this development. Mainlnder joined the army several times, b ecause he wanted to die at the battlefield on purpose to fulfill his death wish. Several attempts failed, before he got to write his 1.300 pages strong Philosop hy of Redemption. After doing so, he used a pile of copies of his own books as a pedestal and hanged himself in his residence in Offenbach. He was 34 years old when he left the assembly line of death and entered the eternal kingdom of absol ute nothingness.