Topic 2:

Whose
Objectives
& Why?
Sophal Sophal Ear, Ph.D. Ear, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Naval Postgraduate School Naval Postgraduate School
CSRS Workshop: CSRS Workshop:
Agriculture: Promoting Livelihoods Agriculture: Promoting Livelihoods
in Conflict in Conflict- -Affected Environments Affected Environments
1 February 2011 1 February 2011
Dr. Mellors Topic I:
Initial Conditions Takeaways
What you have:
Low per capita income
Weak government
Central government legitimacy central to rural
support
What you need:
Agricultural growth key to private sector growth
Higher education
Roads
But first, who are we?
4%
4%
7%
14%
29%
25%
18%
1. Government Civilian Agency
2. Military & DoD/MoD Civ
3. Non-Governmental Organization
4. Inter-Governmental Organization
5. Think Tank/Academic
6. Firm/Industry
7. Other
Agenda
Donors Objectives
Farmers Objectives
Governments
Objectives
Implications to
Donors
Whose objectives matters most?
0%
24%
76%
0%
1. Donors Objectives
2. Farmers Objectives
3. Governments Objectives
4. Other
Are objectives of donors,
farmers, & government same?
1 2 3
0% 0%
100%
1. Yes
2. No
3. Abstain
Why should the objectives
of conflict-affected
governments, farmers and
donors be the same?
Why might they differ?
Stylized Donors Objectives
Build support for central
government
Should support for central gov
be main donor priority?
1 2 3
26%
8%
66%
1. Yes
2. No
3. Abstain
Why is developing
government institutions
critical to stability in
conflict-affected countries?
Rural opinion makers critical
Small commercial farmer is key
Why are non-poor farmers
of special importance to
stability as compared to the
poorest rural people?
of rural population
80% of farm land
Farmers Objectives
Roads
Irrigation
Electricity
Where is power?
Schools
Electricity!!!
Girls Education
Technology
Credit
Aside from these objectives,
what might farmers need in
conflict-affected
environments?
They might need trust among
each other: social capital
Men fight; but women suffer
the most. -Dr. J aidev Singh

Women are the ones who plant and
Women are the ones who plant and
harvest in Africa, for example
harvest in Africa, for example

They become easy targets
They become easy targets

Immediate impact: cessation of
Immediate impact: cessation of
growing and harvesting
growing and harvesting
Governments Objectives
May be same as farmers
or not.
May be to maximize foreign aid
or personal flows
May be to build coalitions to
keep power
or to lose it trying
Implications for Donors
Monitor expenditure very tightly
Technical assistance to build
government capacity
Generally, are donors sufficiently
focused on agriculture?
1 2 3 4 5
0%
8%
14%
44%
33%
1. Strongly Agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly
Disagree
Thank You and Questions
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