Experiment 2 : DETERMINATION OF PERCENT

COMPOSITION IN HYDRATE COMPOUNDS

Course Code : CHM 138
Name : Muhammad Hafizzudin Bin Norazahar
Matrix No : 2014837388
Name of Lab Partner : Ahmad Harith Bin Amiruddin (2014206332)
Group : AS1161B2
Date of experiment : 6 August 2014
Lecturess Name : Dr. Rohaiza Binti Saat
Title : Determination Of Percent Composition In Hydrate Compounds
Objectives : 1) To calculate the mol of water (x) in barium hydrate
(BaCl
2
.xH
2
O) .
2) To identify molecular formula of compound A from the
thermal decomposition.
Procedure : 1. A crucible and lid is obtained. The crucible is cleaned and it
checked for any stress cracks, fractures or fissures before use.
( If the crucible is dirty, the apparatus is moved to the hood
and 1-2mL of 6M HNO
3
and it gently evaporated to dryness
then inspect the crucible after cooling for any defects. If no
defects are found the crucible and lid should supported on a
clay triangle ).
2. An initial mass of the crucible and lid is recorded.
3. The crucible and lid are heated gently for 5 minutes with an
intense flame until the bottom of the crucible has become red.
The crucible and lid is allowed to cool on the clay triangle
before proceed the experiment.
4. The mass of the fired cool crucible and lid are determined.
Then it recorded. Step 2 is repeated until you have two
crucible and lid mass readings that differ by no more than
10mg or 0.010g.
5. Hydrated salt with mass between 1.5g and 2.0g is added to the
crucible and the combined mass of the crucible , lid and salt is
measured and recorded.
6. The crucible is placed with the sample on the clay triangle.
With the lid slightly jar, the sample is heated slowly for 2
minutes and drastically the sample is heated at high
temperature for 10 minutes. The crucible is covered once the
heat is removed and cooling is allowed at room temperature in
desiccators. The mass of the crucible , lid and anhydrous salt
is recorded using the same analytical balance as used in the
earlier steps.
7. The sample is reheated for an additional 2 minutes with intense
heat. The combined mass of the crucible , lid and anhydrous
salt is weighed and continue repeating this process until two
concurrent reading within 10mg of each other were obtained.
8. This procedure is applied for compound A.
Results:
Data:
a. Determination of Percent Water in Barium Chloride Hydrate ( BaCl
2.
xH
2
O)
Mass of empty crucible and lid 38.0857 g
First Heating 38.0838 g
Second Heating 38.0865 g
Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate before heating 39.9602 g
Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate after
1) First Heating
38. 3657 g
2) Second heating 38.3654g
b. Determination of Water Composition and Molecular Formula of
Compound A
Mass of empty crucible and lid
Mass of empty crucible and lid 39.3892 g
First Heating 39.3446 g
Second Heating 39.3466 g
Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate before heating 40.9496 g
Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate after
1) First Heating
39.7372 g
2) Second heating 39.7368 g
Calculations :
a. Determination of Percent Water in Barium Chloride Hydrate (BaCl
2
.xH
2
O )
1. Mass of BaCl
2
.xH
2
O.
39.9602 g - 38.0857 g = 1.8745 g
2. Mass of barium chloride anhydrous.
39.9602 g 38.3657 g = 1.5945 g
3. Mass of water in BaCl
2
.xH
2
O.
1.8745 g 1.5945 g = 0.2800 g
4. Percentage composition of water in BaCl
2
.xH
2
O.
0.2800 100 = 14.9%
1.8745
5. Formula of barium chloride hydrate
Number of moles of BaCl2 = Mass/molar mass
Molecular weight of BaCl2 = 208.23 g/mol
Number of moles of BaCl2 = 1.5945 g/208.23 g/mol
Number of moles of BaCl2 = 0.00766 mol
Number of moles of H2O = Mass/molar mass
Molecular weight of H2O = 18 g/mol
Number of moles of H2O = 0.2800/18 g/mol
Number of moles of H2O = 0.01556 mol
Ratio: 0.01556 mol/ 0.00766 mol
Ratio = 2.03
Therefore, the value of x is equal to 2.
The correct molecular formula is BaCl
2
.2H
2
O
Calculations :
b. Determination of Water Composition and Molecular Formula of Compound.
1. Mass of compound A :
40.9496 g - 39.3892 g = 1.5604 g
2. Mass of Compound A anhydrous :
40.9496 g 39.7372 g = 1.2124 g
3. Mass of water in Compound A
1.5604 g 1.2124 g = 0.348 g
4. Percentage composition of Compound A
0.348 100 % = 22.3 %
1.5604
5. Identification of Compound A ( compare your results to the nearest percent
composition of water in hydrated listed ).
Li
2
SO
4
.H
2
O, MgSO4.7H
2
O, FeSO
4.
7H
2
O, SrCl
2
.6H
2
O, CaSO
4
.2H
2
O.
Percentage composition of water of hydrates :
= ( molar mass H
2
O) x 100%
Molar mass of hydrates.
Percentage composition of water in Li
2
SO
4
.H
2
O
= 18 100% = 14.06%
2(7) +32 +4(16)+18
Percentage composition of water in MgSO4.7H
2
O.
= 7(18) 100% = 51.2%
24 +32 +4(16)+7(18)
Percentage composition of water in SrCl
2
.6H
2
O
= 6(18) 100% = 40.6%
88+2(35)+6(18)
Percentage composition of water in FeSO
4.
7H
2
O,
= 7(18) 100% = 44.8%
59 +32 +4(16)+7(18)
Percentage composition of CaSO
4
.2H
2
O :
= 2( molar mass H
2
O) x 100%
Molar mass of CaSO
4
.2H
2
O.
= 2(18) x 100%
40+32+64+2(18)
= 21 %
The percentage of compound A ( 22.3%) is nearer to the percentage of hydrates
( 21 %) . So, the compound A is CaSO
4
.2H
2
O
DISCUSSION:
Based on the experiments, we expected to the mass of empty crucible
and mass of an empty crucible before and after heating. This is important
due to calculate the percentage of composition water in BaCl
2
.xH
2
O.
Unfortunately, the percentage of composition of water in BaCl
2
.xH
2
O
(14.9%) is slightly difference to the expected percentage of composition
of water in BaCl
2
.2H
2
O (14.8%). For compound A , the percentage of
compositon of water in Compound A (22.3%) is nearer to the percentage
of composition of water in CaSO
4
.2H
2
O (21%). So, we identified
compound A as CaSO
4
.2H
2
O.
Make sure we clean the crucible and check for any stress cracks. We also
must obey the time given when heating and cooling crucible. When
reading the temperature, the eye must be perpendicular to the scale. We
also must use the same analytical balance to get more accuracy of mass.
Then, repeat the experiment to get average of mass and reading.
Conclusion:
Based on the experiment, we found that the mol of water in Barium
Chloride Hydrate using present composition concept and the atomic
mass.
Question
a) Give the reason why the empty crucible should heated before starting the
experiment?
To make sure no cracks at the crucible and also to remove any moisture
present in the crucible by the process of heating which is it absorb any
water from crucible.
b) Why the process of heating hydrate compound should be started slowly
first?
To make sure the salt at crucible will not burned and to avoid the water
from the salt be dehydrate faster.
c) What is the important of percent composition of water in the hydrate
compounds?
To calculate the mol of water use in the composition.
References: 1) Laboratory Manual Basic Chemistry CHM138 provided by
Madam Nurul Huda Abdul Halim, UITM Kuala Pilah.
2) College Matriculation Chemistry SK016, S.A.P Publication
Sdn.Bhd
3) Chemistry Reference Book edited by Raymond Chang.