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Cambodias Victim Zero: Global and National

Responses to Highly Pathogenic Avian
Influenza
Sophal Ear, PhD
Assistant Professor
Naval Postgraduate School
26 February 2009
Brighton, United Kingdom
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Timeline
Moments
III. Policy Narratives
IV. Understanding the
Political Economy
of the Policy
Process
V. Conclusion
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I. Intro: Cambodias response to
global public health crisis
Intro: Global responses affect on
Cambodia
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Awash in donor money, Cambodia
played its role on a global policy stage
Goal: reduce pandemic potential that
could strike donor countries themselves
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A Few Words on Methodology
Qualitative research methodology
40+ one-on-one semi-structured interviews
across govt, private sector, & NGOs
Web survey launched on 27 May 2008
44 visits
17 responses
II. TimelineContext
Political Structure and Modern History
Aid Dependence and Tourism
The Livestock Sector and Poultry in
Particular
Human Pandemic Flu Timeline
Spanish (H1N1) HK flu H3N2 HPAI H5N1 H7N2 H7N3 H10N7
Asian flu H2N2 Russian H1N1 H9N2 H5N1
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TimelineMoments
Start: SARS (2002), A Wake-up Call;
Enter HPAI (2004)
Middle: HPAI Control Activities; From
Animal to Human Health
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Emerging or Reemerging Disease
Threat Since 1990
Enter Super Moan &
Pandemic Preparedness
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TimelineMoments: Last Act
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III. Policy Narratives
Narrative 1: Cull without Compensation
Narrative 2: Its Health Now!
Narrative 3: What about Poverty and
Livelihoods?
Cull without Compensation
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Its Health Now!
Poverty and Livelihoods
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Actors, Networks, and Interests
Adapted fromdata originating fromAvian Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness Funding MatrixCambodia 2008-2009, see Table 1.5 in Annex1.
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5
4
3
2
1
Network diagram on the relationship
between donors and the government
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With respect to Avian Influenza, the Royal Government
of Cambodia has intervened effectively and
appropriately, given resource allocations.
5 0 0 0 0 1
83% 0% 0% 0% 0% 17% (e) Other
2 0 2 2 7 2
13% 0% 13% 13% 47% 13% (d) Pandemic preparation:
3 0 2 3 3 1
25% 0% 17% 25% 25% 8% (c) Protecting livelihoods:
1 0 0 6 7 1
7% 0% 0% 40% 47% 7% (b) Among animals:
2 0 1 4 8 1
13% 0% 6% 25% 50% 6% (a) Among humans:
N/A Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
With respect to Avian Influenza, Donors (including all
non-Royal Government of Cambodia entities whether
local or international) have intervened effectively and
appropriately, given resource allocations.
0 0 0 0 0 0
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% (e) Other
3 0 1 4 5 1
21% 0% 7% 29% 36% 7% (d) Pandemic preparation:
2 0 2 4 5 0
15% 0% 15% 31% 38% 0% (c) Protecting livelihoods:
0 0 0 5 9 1
0% 0% 0% 33% 60% 7% (b) Among animals:
2 0 0 2 10 3
12% 0% 0% 12% 59% 18% (a) Among humans:
N/A Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
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IV. Understanding the Political
Economy of the Policy Process
Donors and NGOs
Beyond Aid: Other Sources of Revenue
and the Importance of Tourism
Bureaucratic Politics and Patronage
Media Spin
Cambodias AI & Pandemic
Preparedness Pie (2008-2009)
$8,944,457 , (40%)
$6,198,512 , (28%)
$5,031,076 , (23%)
$2,077,861 , (9%)
Animal health
Human health
Information,
education,
communication
(IEC)
Pandemic
preparedness
Source: Avian Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness Funding MatrixCambodia 2008-2009, see Table 1.5 in Annex1.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeL3pM8L8DA
16 minute video
Available in two parts on
YouTube under the title:
Cambodia: THE BIRD FLU
" PANDEMIC" HOAX!
V. Conclusion: Key challenges,
obstacles and opportunities
Dont Forget Livelihoods!
Government and Donors motivated by other
concerns
Revisiting Compensation
Tremendous confusion about its use and
effectiveness elsewhere
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Conclusion (contd)
Increase credibility of MAFF as partner by
building its technical capacity & financial
management
Ultimate responsibility for success or
failure of policies must rest with those in
chargeauthorities themselves