105

1. The stirrup size or yield strength is changed.

2. The stirrup spacing is changed as in current design procedure.
It is reasonable to suggest that the stirrup spacing be changed.
Fig. 4.3b shows a typical truss model for the case of members subjected
to distributed loads. The same principles are applied in this case.
The directions of the compression diagonals are obtained directly from
the shear diagrams shown in Fig. 4.3a. The inclination of the diagonals
has to be within the limits 25
0
~ a ~ 65
0

Once the truss model has been selected the design procedure is
the same as the one presened in the previous section. The determination
of the sectional forces that should be used in the design procedure for
the case of bend ing and shear in reinforced and prestressed concrete
members subjected to distributed loads has been illustrated in Sec.
2.2.1 of Report 248-3.
4.2.3 Truss Model for the Flange Region of Inverted T -Bent
Caps. Figures 4.4a and 4.4b show the case of a simply supported
inverted T-bent cap loaded on its bottom chord. Figures 4.5b and 4.5c
show the transverse truss systems selected to design the transverse
reinforcement for the flange region of the inverted T-bent cap loaded
through the bottom flange.
The same basic concepts have to be app1 ied in this case. Again
the direction of the compression diagonals is obtained directly from the
shear diagram shown in Fig. 4.5a. The inclination of the compression
diagonals has to be within the limits 25
0
~ ~ 65
0
, where a is the
angle of inclination of the truss compression diagonals (see Fig. 4.5b).
106
Shear
Diagram
Moment
Diagram
I I I tit , t * t * I t * I I
v1 t tv<-
a b
__
free ed (+
(8) Shear and moment diagrams
Compression
Fan - - - - Tension Fan
I /
(b) Truss model
Fig. 4.3 Truss model in the area of a simply supported
member with distributed loading
( (
(a) End view
~ ~
(b) Longitudinal view
Fig. 4.4 Simply supported inverted T-bent CAp
subjected to bending and shear
107
108
V-Diagram
M-Diagram
(a)
p
a

I I
Z I I
I
I I
"'L __ "\!!;
(b) Truss model
0.5 :s a/z :s 2.0
h
II- of bent cop.
I't.

Flange shear and moment
Compression
--- Tension
--- Supplementary Reinforcement
p
,,-
I
1--

I
(c) Truss mode 1
p,/z ;:;;: 0.5
Fig. 4.5 Truss model for the flange region of an inverted
T-bent cap loaded on the bottom flange