145

Web reinforcement within a panel is assumed to be spaced uniformly and

all at yield. This greatly simplifles detailing.
Since in this case torsion stresses exist, closed hoops formed
of a single piece of reinforcement should be used. The area of web
reinforcement computed for each design zone (zLcotP' = 26 in.) for the
side wall, where qv = qv(T) + qv(V) is a maximum, will be provided in
all four sides of the member. This is not only practical but is
especially recommended where the direction of the applied torsional
moment might change. Therefore, in the design of the transverse
reinforcement for this design example the maximum of the four resultant
values of the shear flow due to shear and torsion evaluated for each
section will be used to determine the required amount of web
reinforcement in the design zone starting at such section.
The suggested AASHTO revisions proposed that in members
subjected to low shear stresses the concrete in the web may provide an
additional contribution to the shear and torsional capacity of the
member. This contribution may be easily reflected in the design
procedure by using a reduced value of the shear force and the torsional
moment when computing the required amounts of web reinforcement.
However, this additional concrete contribution is only allowed where the
member is in the uncracked or transition state. The proposed concrete
contribution (see Sec. 2.3, Fig. 2.14) in the case of reinforced
concrete members is assumed to disappear when the level of shearing
stresses due to combined shear and torsion in the member exceeds 6.ff'c.
The total shearing stress due to shear and torsion vu(V,T) can be
146
evaluated by computing separately the shearing stress due to shear vu(V)
= V
u
/2b
w
zL and the shearing stress due to torsion vu(T) = Tu/2Aobe and
then superimposing the two effects. The values of the additional
concrete contribution to the shear (V c) and torsional (Tc) capacity
evaluated in accordance with the provisions presented in Sec. 3.1
(1.3.6(c for the case of combined actions are given in columns (7) and
(8) of Table 4.3.
In order to simplify the design procedure the amounts of web
reinforcement required to resist the applied shear and torsion are
computed separately and then superimposed.
First, the amount of web reinforcement required to resist the
factored shear force is evaluated using the typical truss panel wall
element shown in Fig. 4.21. The equilibrium condition LFV = 0 yields
the relation
For the case of shear qu = Vu/zL. Since there are two verti-
cal webs (L), (R), resisting the applied vertical shear Eq. 4.7 becomes
(4.8)
The left-hand side of Eq. 4.8 represents the ul timate load
actions, the right hand is the design strength (VTR) provided by the vertical
members of the truss. Since Vu V
n
(Sec. 1.2.1.1 in Sec. 3.1), where
= 0.85, then
(4.9)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5 ) (6) (7 )
See. from
Jt Le ft Support Design vu(V) vu(T) vu(V,T)
Ve
(N) CL (ft) Zone (ksi) (ksi) (ksi) (kips)
0.0
1-2 0.45 0.17 0.62 0
2 2.17
2-3 0.37 0.17 0.54 0
3 4.33
3-4 0.30 0.17 0.47 0
4 6.50
4-5 0.21 0.17 0.38 0
5 8.67
5-6 0.15 0.17 0.32 0.72
6 10.83
6-7 0.07 0.17 0.24 1. 05
7 13.0 (CL)
7-8 0.07 0.17 0.24 1.05
8 15.17
8-9 0.15 0.17 0.32 0.72
9 17.33
9-10 0.21 0.17 0.38 0
10 19.50
10-11 0.30 0.17 0.47 0
11 21.67
11-12 0.37 0.17 0.54 0
12 23.83
12-13 0.45 0.17 0.62 0
13 26.00
Table 4.3 Evaluation of the ultimate shearing stresses due to
shear and torsion, and the concrete contributions
V and T to the shear and torsional capacity of
die membgr
147
(8 )
Te
(in-
-kip)
0
0
0
0
14
43
43
14
0
0
0
0
148
For those regions of the member in the uncracked or transition
state, where the concrete in the web provides additional shear strength,
V
c
' Eq. 4.9 becomes
(4.10)
Rearranging Eq. 4.10 results in
(4.11)
Since ns = L c o t ~ and Sy = Avfy' then
(4.12)
where Avis is the area of stirrups resisting the factored shear force
per inch of the stirrup spac ing "s", f Y is the yield stress of the
stirrup reinforcement, Vu represents the ul timate shear force in the
section at the beginning of the design zone, and Wu is the ultimate
(factored) distributed load. For this design example, fy = 6000 psi,
and ~ 26.5 degrees; hence, tam = 0.5.
Using Eq. 4.12, the design of the web reinforcement required to
resist the factored shear force is carried out.
Shown in column (5) of Table 4.4a are the amounts of web
reinforcement per wall element for each of the design zones required to
resi st the appl ied factored shear force.
The amount of web reinforcement required to resist the applied
factored torsional moment is evaluated using the typical truss panel