173

The embedment length requirements in the current ACI Build ing

Code (2) for the reinforcement are based on the hypothesis that the
tension force T that can be developed in a bar is a function of the
perimet er bond stresses uo,the perimeter of the bar to be developed
Eo, and the embedment length of the bar such that
(4.27)
where the ultimate perime ter bond stress U
o
is a function of the
concrete strength ~ and the bar diameter db
(4.28)
For this design example U
o
is 9 5 ~ 1 1 2 5 = 534 psi, since T = 32
kips and LO for a 119 bar is 3.53 in. The required straight embedment
length in order to develop a tension force of 32 kips is
L = T/uoLo = 32/(0.534)(3.53) = 17" (4.29,)
Thus, the straight embedment length of 6" is not enough. Therefore, it
is necessar y to prov id e the 119 corner bar s at the bottom of the
reinforced concrete box beam with a standard 90 degree hook at the ends.
If a standard 90 degree hook in accordance with the requirements given
in the ACI Building Code (2) is provided, then the stress that can be
developed by the hook fh is
(4.30)
174
where k = 540 for #9 bar. Thus, fh = = 34 ksi. The
required stress is 32 kips divideJ by the area of a 119 bar (1 in.2) or
32 ksi. Hence, if a 90 degree standard hook is provided, the 32 kip
force would be adequately developed.
For the case of the 2 #8 compression bars only the 20 kip force
due to the presence of and torsion would have to be developed.
However, as illustrated in Sec. 2.2.2 of Report 248-2, due to the
presence of the compression fan in the support region no longitudinal
tension reinforcement is required due to the effects of shear in the top
compression face of the member within a distance [(ZLcota)/2] from the
centerline of the support. Thus, at the support region only that area
of longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion would have to be
developed to its full yield strength. From Eq. 4.24 taking Vn = 0, the
resultant area required only for torsion is
(4.31)
Thus, T = 0.11 (60) = 6.8 kips, Uo is given as 9.5 ,.foOO'0/1 = 601 psi and
L = T/uoLD = 6.8/(.601)(3.1415) = 3.60". Since it is a top bar Ld =
1.4(L) = (1.4)(3.6) = 5.0". The 6 in. straight embedment length
provided past the centerline of the support is then adequate to develop
the required tension force.
Finally, the anchorage of the top compression reinforcement has
to be evaluated at (zLcota)/2 = 6.5 in. from the centerline of the
support.
175
The area of longitudinal reinforcement required for shear and
torsion can be evaluated using Eq. 4.24, AL(T,V) =
[(176)(51.64)/4(166.7) + 51.3/2]/(2)(60) = 0.32 in.
2
, hence T =
(0.32)(60) = 19 kips. The compression force produced by the applied
moment can be evaluated using as C = T = Mu/z. Mu at a distance
zcot 12 from the centerline of the support is 289 in.-k, thus C = 289/12
= 24 kips. Therefore, the net resultant tension at the section is zero.
Therefore, the theoretical required embedment length would equal to
zero.
The final detailing of the longitudinal reinforcement at the
support region is shown in Fig. 4.27.
4.3.8 Design of the Reinforced Concrete Box Section Following
the ACI/AASHTO Design Procedure. In order to show the difference in
design procedures, the same example used in Section 4.3.7 is reworked
using current design procedures.
The first step in the design procedure is to evaluate the
magnitude of the torsional moment to find out if torsional effects can
be neglected. The ACI/AASHTO design procedure (1,2) states that torsion
effects shall be included with shear and flexure where the factored
torsional moment Tu exceeds (0.5 J ~ L: X
2
y). Otherwise, the torsion
effects may be neglected. In this design example Tu = 150 in.-kip and
~ = 4000 ps i. The term L: X
2
y represents the torsional section
properties, where x is the shorter overall dimension of the rectangular
part of the cross section and y is the longer overall dimension of the
retangu1ar part of the cross section. For this design example, x = y =
176
IS"
<l
I
3in.
.I
Sin.
I
25I
#S
I
16.1"
I
#9 corner bars
12 db =13.5"
bend diameter=Sdb =9"
~ r o ~ I
2.6" I
7\
",." ,." ,. ,. 777 /
Sin.
.,1
Fig. 4.27 Detailing of the longitudinpl reinforcement
at the support region