Assignment #2 Solution - Spring 2014

MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014
Assignment #2 Due Date: 2/24/2014

Copyright 2014 Jobaidur R. Khan and Phillip M. Cormier

Problem 1 (15 Points)
Draw the stress element at Points A and B for the components shown below; all connections are rigid.
From your element, create the stress tensor. If the components are made from carbon steel, determine
the strains at each point.

Solution: Let us draw the forces, moments and torques for the part fixed with wall in xy and xz planes.

Lets analyze the point A,

So,
( )
A at A at
psi
in
in lb
d
M
I
c M
o
o o
o
o
t t
o = =
= = = 000 , 782
. 9600 32 32
3
2
1
3

A
B
o
o

y
x
z
200 lb
3 ft
4 ft

| in.
A
B
x
y
200 lb 200 lb
T=7200 lb.in
T=7200 lb.in
Bending Shear Stress Profile
M
o
=9600
lb.in
x z
y
t
T

o
o at

A



Shear stress for torsion,
( )
psi
in
in lb
d
T
J
Tr
T
000 , 293
. 7200 16 16
3
2
1
3
=
= = =
t t
t
So, total shear stress, psi
T xz
000 , 293 = =t t

So, the general stress tensor for the points A is, | |
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
o t t
t o t
t t o
= o
0 0 354 , 293
0 0 0
354 , 293 0 278 , 782
z yz zx
yz y xy
zx xy x

o
xx
= 782,278 psi, o
yy
= 0 psi, o
zz
= 0 psi, o
xy
= 0 psi, o
yz
= 0 psi, o
zx
= 293,354 psi

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
t
t
t
o
o
o
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
c
c
c
v v
v v
v v
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
G
1
G
1
G
1
E
1
E E
E E
1
E
E E E
1
zx
yz
xy
zz
yy
xx
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

For steel, v = 0.292, psi 10 30 E
6
= ,
( ) ( )
psi 10 6 . 11
292 . 0 1 2
psi 10 30
1 2
E
G
6
6
~
+
=
v +
=

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
c
c
c

2
3
3
2
10 6 . 11
1
10 6 . 11
1
10 6 . 11
1
10 30
1
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
1
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
1
zx
yz
xy
zz
yy
xx
10 527 . 2
0
0
10 614 . 7
10 614 . 7
10 608 . 2
354 , 293
0
0
0
0
278 , 782
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
6
6
6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6

Lets analyze the point B,

x z
y
t
200

t
T



For both the points, shear stress for F
y
,
( )
psi
in
lb
d
F
A
F
y y
400 , 1
3
200 16
3
16
3
4
2
2
1
2 200
=
=
t t
t

Shear stress for torsion,
( )
psi
in
in lb
d
T
J
Tr
T
000 , 293
. 7200 16 16
3
2
1
3
=
= = =
t t
t

So, total shear stress, psi psi psi
T xy
400 , 294 000 , 293 400 , 1
200
= = = t t t

So, the stress tensor for the points B is, | |
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
=
0 0 0
0 0 400 , 294
0 400 , 294 0
z yz zx
yz y xy
zx xy x
o t t
t o t
t t o
o

o
xx
= 782,278 psi, o
yy
= 0 psi, o
zz
= 0 psi, o
xy
= 294,712 psi, o
yz
= 0 psi, o
zx
= 0 psi

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
t
t
t
o
o
o
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
c
c
c
v v
v v
v v
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
G
1
G
1
G
1
E
1
E E
E E
1
E
E E E
1
zx
yz
xy
zz
yy
xx
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

For steel, v = 0.292, psi 10 30 E
6
= ,
( ) ( )
psi 10 6 . 11
292 . 0 1 2
psi 10 30
1 2
E
G
6
6
~
+
=
v +
=

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
c
c
c

0
0
10 538 . 2
0
0
0
0
0
712 , 294
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
2
10 6 . 11
1
10 6 . 11
1
10 6 . 11
1
10 30
1
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
1
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
292 . 0
10 30
1
zx
yz
xy
zz
yy
xx
6
6
6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6



Problem 2 (20 Points)
Determine the principal stresses and their directions for the following stress states.
a)

b)

Sol. (a) o
xx
= 500 psi, o
yy
= 500 psi, o
zz
= 0 psi, t
xy
= 1000 psi, t
yz
= 0 psi, t
zx
= 0 psi

Sol. | |
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
o t t
t o t
t t o
=
(
(
(
o o o
o o o
o o o
= o
0 0 0
0 500 1000
0 1000 500
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx

For non-trivial solution, ( ) 0 I det
p
= o o
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
(
o
o
o
= o o
(
(
(
o
o
o
= o o
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
0 0
0 500 1000
0 1000 500
I det
0 0
0 500 1000
0 1000 500
I
So, ( ) ( ) { } ( ) 0 1000 1000 500 500 0
0 0
0 500 1000
0 1000 500
p p p p
p
p
p
= o o + o o =
o
o
o

( ) ( ) psi 1118 , psi 1118 , psi 0 0 1250000 0 10 250000
p
2
p p p
6 2
p p
= o = o o = o + o o

Ordering the results following the convention on largest to smallest:
psi 1118 , psi 0 , psi 1118
3 2 1
= o = o = o

( ) ( ) psi 559 psi 0 psi 1118
2
1
2 1 2
1
12
= = o o = t
( ) ( ) psi 559 psi 1118 psi 0
2
1
3 2 2
1
23
= + = o o = t
( ) ( ) psi 1118 psi 1118 psi 1118
2
1
3 1 2
1
13
= + = o o = t
With Eigen Values now known, we can determine the principal directions,

( ) 0 I 0
p p p
= | o o = | o | o | o = | o



(
(
(
|
|
|
= |
n
z
n
y
n
x
n

Determine
1
|
using o
1
= 1118 psi,
( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 618 . 1 1
0 618 . 1 1
0
0
0
1118 0 0
0 1618 1000
0 1000 618
0
0
0
1118 0 0
0 1118 500 1000
0 1000 1118 500
I
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1

For row 1 or 2,
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
618 . 1 0 0 618 . 1 | = | = | + | | ,
For row 3, 0
1
z
= |

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
5257 . 0
8506 . 0
0
1
618 . 1
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x

Determine
1
|
using o
2
= 0 psi,

( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(

(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 1 2
0 2 1
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 500 1000
0 1000 500
I
2
z
2
y
2
x
2
z
2
y
2
x
2

For row 1,
2
y
2
x
2
y
2
x
2 0 2 | = | = | + | ,
For row 2,
2
y 2
1
2
x
2
y
2
x
0 2 | = | = | | , So, 0
2
y
2
x
= | = |
For row 3, 1 0 . 0
2
z
2
z
= | = | ,

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
1
0
0
2
z
2
y
2
x

Determine
3
|
using o
3
= 1118 psi,



( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
+
+
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 1 618 . 1
0 1 618 . 1
0
0
0
1118 0 0
0 618 1000
0 1000 1618
0
0
0
1118 0 0
0 1118 500 1000
0 1000 1118 500
I
3
z
3
y
3
x
3
z
3
y
3
x
3
z
3
y
3
x
3

For row 1 or 2,
3
x
3
y
3
z
3
y
3
x
618 . 1 0 0 618 . 1 | = | = | + | + | ,
For row 3, 0
3
z
= |

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
8506 . 0
5257 . 0
0
618 . 1
1
3
z
3
y
3
x
3
z
3
y
3
x

Sol. (b) o
xx
= 750 psi, o
yy
= 750 psi, o
zz
= 250 psi, t
xy
= 500 psi, t
yz
= 0 psi, t
zx
= 0 psi

Sol. | |
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
o t t
t o t
t t o
=
(
(
(
o o o
o o o
o o o
= o
250 0 0
0 750 500
0 500 750
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx

p
= o o
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
(
o
o
o
= o o
(
(
(
o
o
o
= o o
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
250 0 0
0 750 500
0 500 750
I det
250 0 0
0 750 500
0 500 750
I
So, ( )( )( ) ( ) 0 250 500 500 250 750 750 0
250 0 0
0 750 500
0 500 750
p p p p
p
p
p
= o o o o =
o
o
o

( )( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }( ) { }
( )( )( ) psi 1250 , psi 250 , psi 250 0 1250 250 250
0 500 750 500 750 250
0 500 750 250
0 250 500 500 250 750 250
p p p p
p p p
2 2
p p
p p p p
= o = o o o
= o + o o
= o o
= o o o o

Ordering the results following the convention on largest to smallest:
psi 250 , psi 250 , psi 1250
3 2 1
= o = o = o



( ) ( ) psi 500 psi 250 psi 1250
2
1
2 1 2
1
12
= = o o = t
( ) ( ) 0 psi 250 psi 250
2
1
3 2 2
1
23
= = o o = t
( ) ( ) psi 500 psi 250 psi 1250
2
1
3 1 2
1
13
= = o o = t
With Eigen Values now known, we can determine the principal directions,

( ) 0 I 0
p p p
= | o o = | o | o | o = | o

(
(
(
|
|
|
= |
n
z
n
y
n
x
n

Determine
1
|
using o
1
= 1118 psi,
( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 1
0
0
0
1000 0 0
0 500 500
0 500 500
0
0
0
1250 250 0 0
0 1250 750 500
0 500 1250 750
I
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1

For row 1 or 2,
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
0 0 | = | = | + | | ,
For row 3, 0
1
z
= |

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
707 . 0
707 . 0
0
1
1
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x

Determine
1
|
using o
2
= 250 psi,

( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 1
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 500 500
0 500 500
0
0
0
250 250 0 0
0 250 750 500
0 500 250 750
I
2
z
2
y
2
x
2
z
2
y
2
x
2
z
2
y
2
x
2

For rows 1 & 2,
2
y
2
x
2
y
2
x
0 | = | = | + | ,
For row 3, 0 0 . 0
2
z
2
z
= | = | ,


So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
707 . 0
707 . 0
0
1
1
2
z
2
y
2
x
2
z
2
y
2
x

Determine
3
|
using o
3
= 250 psi,

( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 1
0
0
0
0 0 0
0 500 500
0 500 500
0
0
0
250 250 0 0
0 250 750 500
0 500 250 750
I
3
z
3
y
3
x
3
z
3
y
3
x
3
z
3
y
3
x
3

For rows 1 & 2,
3
y
3
x
3
y
3
x
0 | = | = | + | ,
For row 3, 0 0 . 0
3
z
3
z
= | = | ,

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
707 . 0
707 . 0
0
1
1
2
z
2
y
2
x
2
z
2
y
2
x

Problem 3 (30 Points Total)
For the given state of stress (magnitudes and directions indicated in Figure 1), create the stress tensor.
Determine the value of
xx
if the principal stresses are 300 psi, 900 psi, and -400 psi. Hint: this task is
easiest to do with the Eigenvalue approach. Identify the principal direction or rotation for
1
. You must
show all work to receive credit.

Figure 1: Stress Element for Exam Problem 3


Sol. o
xx
, o
yy
= 0, o
zz
= 300 psi, t
xy
= 600 psi, t
yz
= 0 psi, t
zx
= 0 psi

Sol. | |
(
(
(
o
=
(
(
(
o t t
t o t
t t o
=
(
(
(
o o o
o o o
o o o
= o
300 0 0
0 0 600
0 600
xx
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx
zz yz zx
yz yy xy
zx xy xx

p
= o o , since the principal stresses are the roots of this equation, so
any of these three will satisfy this equation.

( )
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
(
o
= o o
(
(
(
o
= o o
300 300 0 0
0 300 600
0 600 300
I det
300 300 0 0
0 300 600
0 600 300
I
xx
p
xx
p

So, ( ) 0 0 0 0 600 0 300 0
0 0 0
0 300 600
0 600 300
xx
xx
= = o =
o
[trivial equation]

( )
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
(
o
= o o
(
(
(
o
= o o
600 0 0
0 900 600
0 600 900
I det
900 300 0 0
0 900 600
0 600 900
I
xx
p
xx
p

So, ( ) psi 500 0 600 600 540000 900 0
600 0 0
0 900 600
0 600 900
xx
2
xx
xx
= o = + o =
o

( )
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
(
+ o
= o o
(
(
(
+
+ o
= o o
700 0 0
0 400 600
0 600 400
I det
400 300 0 0
0 400 600
0 600 400
I
xx
p
xx
p

So, ( ) psi 500 0 700 600 600 280000 400 0
700 0 0
0 400 600
0 600 400
xx xx
xx
= o = + o =
+ o

( ) 0 I 0
p p p
= | o o = | o | o | o = | o

(
(
(
|
|
|
= |
n
z
n
y
n
x
n

Determine
1
|
using o
1
= 900 psi,


( )
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
= | o o
0
0
0
1 0 0
0 5 . 1 1
0 5 . 1 1
0
0
0
900 0 0
0 900 600
0 600 400
0
0
0
900 0 0
0 900 600
0 600 900 500
I
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
1

For row 1 or 2,
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x
5 . 1 0 0 5 . 1 | = | = | + | | ,
For row 3, 0
1
z
= |

So,
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
|
|
|
0
5547 . 0
8321 . 0
0
1
5 . 1
1
z
1
y
1
x
1
z
1
y
1
x

Problem 4 (35 Points Total)
Considering point A in the gure below, determine the maximum normal and shear stresses at A if F =
150 lb given:
a) You have a ductile material.
b) You have a brittle material.

Sol: The bending moment diagram for the part (having constant bending moment) and bending stress
at any cross section (as bending stress remain same throughout the length)

F


There is no shear anywhere.

(i) For ductile material, the stress concentration factor will not be used.

At the lower end, F = 150 lb, M = 2250 lb.in,

Normal stress,
( )
psi 191
in 1
lb 150 4
d
P 4
A
P
2 2 N
=
t

=
t
= o

So, at the left side, bending stress,
( )
psi 918 , 22
in 1
in . lb 2250 32
d
M 32
I
Mc
3 3 L
=
t

=
t
= o
So, at the right side, bending stress,
( )
psi 918 , 22
in 5 . 1
in . lb 2250 32
d
M 32
I
Mc
3 3 R
=
t
=
t
= = o

So, total stress at the left side, o
L,tot
= o
N
o
L
= 191psi 22,918 psi = 23,109 psi
And, total stress at the right side, o
R,tot
= o
N
+ o
R
= 191psi + 22,918 psi = 22,727 psi
So, the maximum tension is 22.7 kpsi and maximum compression is 23.1 kpsi.

(ii) For brittle material, the stress concentration factor will be used from figure A-15-7 for axial
stress and figure A-15-9
r/d = 0.125/1 = 0.125, D/d = 1.5/1 = 1.5
So, K
t,axial
= 1.75, and K
t,bend
= 1.59

Normal stress,
( )
psi 334 75 . 1
in 1
lb 150 4
K
d
P 4
K
A
P
2 axial , t 2 axial , t N
=
t

=
t
= o
So, at the left, bending stress,
( )
psi 440 , 36 59 . 1
in 1
in . lb 2250 32
K
d
M 32
3 bend , t 3 L
=
t

=
t
= o

So, at the right, bending stress,
( )
psi 440 , 36 59 . 1
in 1
in . lb 2250 32
K
d
M 32
3 bend , t 3 R
=
t
=
t
= o

So, total stress at the left side, o
L,tot
= o
N
o
L
= 334psi 36,440 psi = 36,774 psi

And, total stress at the right side, o
R,tot
= o
N
+ o
R
= 334psi + 36,440 psi = 36,106 psi

So, the maximum tension is 36.1 kpsi and maximum compression is 36.8 kpsi.
x
M
2250 lb.in
Left
Right

Assignment #2 Solution - Spring 2014

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MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014

Assignment #2 Due Date: 2/24/2014

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