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V
]
Drive OFF
Drive RUNNING
Fig. 5 Measured spectrum of the signal voltage in Fig. 4.
Frequency characteristics of the signal voltage spectrum for
drive RUNNING state and OFF state are compared in Fig. 5.
The frequency components of coupled noise voltage exceed
the original signal more than 30 dB. There must be a serious
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June 17, 2004 19:46 Research Publishing: Trim Size: 8.50in x 11.00in (IEEE proceedings) ieee-emc08:P153
19
th
International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1922 May 2008, Singapore
risk of the interface equipments ability to function in the
presence of the high-level noise voltage.
IV. MODELLING ANALYSIS
The investigated topology is shown in Fig. 6. The purpose
is to model the RECEIVE load voltage when the unshielded
cable carrying a noisy CM current couples to the susceptible
circuit.
Steel Plane
Unshielded Phase Conductor
SEND RECEIV
t
Cip
S
R
VS VE
SIG
I
LOAD
R
Cmp
HS
H0
l
ICM
Fig. 6 Configuration of CM EMI inductively coupling.
The EMI coupling mechanism can be theoretically modeled
by Fig. 7. Z
MG
is the impedance of ground plane. M
t
is the
total mutual inductance between the loops formed by the drive
cables and the signal cables [8], [9], detailed model is shown
in Fig. 8.
S
R
MG
Z
t CM
j M I e
VS VE
Steel plane
Cable
RECEIV
SEND
SIG
I
CM SIG
I I
LOAD
R
Fig. 7 Equivalent circuit model for the susceptible circuit.
1
L
-
-
CM
I
SIG
I
2
L
3
L
15
M
-
5
L
6
L
7
L
4
L
-
-
-
-
26
M
24
M
37
M
17
M
35
M
--
Fig. 8 Partial inductance model for the coupling loops.
From Fig. 7, the noise voltage at the RECEIVE load can
be obtained as
( ) ( )
S LOAD MG SIG MG t CM S
0 R R Z I Z j M I V e + + + = (1)
where,
t 15 26 17 24
2 2 M M M M M = + (2)
MG in ex in ex
Z Z Z Z j L e = + = + . (3)
where Z
in
is internal impedance of the ground plane [10], can
be expressed by
in DC HF
Z R jX = + (4)
6
DC
r
17.2
10
l
R
wt o
= O (5)
9
HF
369
10
1
r r
t
f l
X
w e
o
o
= O
(6)
where
r
o is relative conductivity, l, w, and t represent the
length, width, and thick of the plane, respectively, all units are
mm,
r
is relative permeability, f is frequency, and o is
skin depth,
r r
66 f o o = , unit is mm.
The external impedance of a flat steel plane mainly formed
by the external inductance L
ex
[10], due to the fields external
to the cable, can be calculated [11], [12]
( )
1 0
ex 0 w
0 w
2 2
0 w
( ) tan
2
ln(4( ) ) ln( )
4 2
l w
L H r
w H r
w w
H r w w
| |
= |
|
\ .
(
+ +
(
(7)
where H
0
is height of the cable and r
w
is cable radius.
Usually, the total impedance of a flat steel plane Z
MG
is very
small compared to R
S
and R
LOAD
, as shown in Fig. 9, its
magnitude is less than 11 below 10 MHz. Assuming
S LOAD MG
( ) R R Z + >> and (1) can be approximated
( ) ( )
S LOAD SIG MG t CM S
0 R R I Z j M I V e + + = (8)
Substituting
E LOAD SIG
V R I = into (8), yielding
( )
S
E S MG t CM
S LOAD
R
V V Z j M I
R R
e = + + (
+
(9)
Therefore, the expression of the coupled voltage on the
susceptible load is obtained and can be calculated based on
practical parameters.
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
0.1
1
10
100
Frequency [Hz]
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
[
]
Fig. 9 Calculated impedance for steel ground plane.
652
June 17, 2004 19:46 Research Publishing: Trim Size: 8.50in x 11.00in (IEEE proceedings) ieee-emc08:P153
2008 Asia-Pacic Sympsoium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1922 May 2008, Singapore
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Frequency [Hz]
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
[
d
B
A
]
Measured
Modeled
Fig. 10 Common-mode current spectrum of the drive output cable.
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Two sets of experiments were conducted. A first set of
experiments aimed to evaluate CM current on the motor
output cable. Though the CM EMI modeling is not the scope
of this paper, detailed presented in the literatures [2], [4]-[6].
Fig. 10 show the measured CM current spectrum by R&S
ESIB 26 EMI receiver for a 22 kW induction motor working
at 380 V was fed by a 25 kW commercial drive, running with
10 kHz switching frequency and 50 Hz fundamental output
frequency. The modeled CM spectrum is also shown in Fig.
10 using present analytical techniques from the literatures.
Good agreement can be seen even at more than several MHz.
The modeled CM current (I
CM
) is used to evaluate the noise
voltage in (9).
The second set of experiments focused on verification of
the proposed EMI models. An Agilent 33220A signal
generator acts as the SENT and R&S ESIB26 EMI receiver
corresponding to the RECEIVE. The test plat steel plane has a
dimension with l = 2700 mm, w = 600 mm, and t = 5 mm. Fig.
11 give the EMI spectrum with two cases of heights for drive
cable and signal cable, respectively. Compared with the
envelops of the measured spectra, it can be seen that the
analytical predictions agree with the measurements very well
in terms of peak decibel values and the shapes, which verifies
the proposed EMI modeling method.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the
National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants
50721063 and 50677070.
REFERENCES
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2000 (Y2K) and beyond, in Proc. Applied Power Electronics Conf.
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[3] N. Hanigovszki, J. Landkildehus, G. Spiazzi, F. Blaabjerg, An EMC
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10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Frequency [Hz]
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
[
d
B
V
]
Measured
Modeled
(a) H0 = 280 mm, Hs = 450 mm
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Frequency [Hz]
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
[
d
B
V
]
Measured
Modeled
(b) H0 = 80 mm, Hs = 450 mm
Fig. 11 Measured and calculated spectrum for CM loop coupled EMI.
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