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=
=
=
)
3
4
sin(
)
3
2
sin(
) sin(
0
0
0
t e
t e
e
t E e
t E e
t E e
c
b
a
(1)
In Fig.5, take the period when the DC voltage is peak as
origin, i.e., 3 t e u = ' t . Then u and in Fig.5 can be
calculated as Iollowed
When
c ab
U e =
the DC side current
d
i begin Ilow, the
start angle oI the DC side current Ilowing is
)
3
arccos(
0
E
U
C
= o
(2)
The end angle oI the DC side current Ilowing is depend on
the diIIerential equation with initial condition, which is shown
in Eq.(3).
=
' =
'
0 ) (
cos 3 2
0
o
u
u
e
d
c
d
s
i
U E
d
di
L (3)
From (3),
o
e
o
e
u
e
u
e
u
s
c
s s
c
s
d
L
U
L
E
L
U
L
E
i
2
sin
2
3
2
sin
2
3
) (
0 0
+ ' ' = '
(4)
substitute 0 ) ( = |
d
i to (4),then
0
3
sin sin
E
U
c
=
+
+
| o
| o (5)
From Eq (2)~Eq(5), u and can be calculated, then the step
voltage in rectiIier can be obtained. For calculated the
common-mode current in rectiIier, the equivalent ground
should be deIined, the middle point oI the DC side (O in Fig.5)
is selected as ground in this part. Then the common voltage
can be calculated as Iollow.
Fig.5 Common-mode calculation in rectiIier
From Fig.5, the circuit equation (6) can be obtained, :
= + +
= + +
=
=
0
0
bN Ob NO
aN Oa NO
bN
b
s b
aN
a
s a
u u u
u u u
u
dt
di
L e
u
dt
di
L e
(6)
with
2
c
Oa
U
u =
2
c
Ob
U
u =
0 = +
b a
i i ,
2
b a
NO
e e
u
+
=
(7)
According above analysis, the
NO
u can be expressed in
several phase, which are shown in Table I.
828
June 17, 2004 19:46 Research Publishing: Trim Size: 8.50in x 11.00in (IEEE proceedings) ieee-emc08:P150
2008 Asia-Pacic Sympsoium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1922 May 2008, Singapore
TABLE I
EXPRESSION OF
NO
u
Time Interval Expression
t/3-ot/3
2
) 3 sin(
0
t e
t E
2t/3-o2t/3
2
) sin(
0
t e
t E
t-ot
2
) 3 2 sin(
0
t e t E
4t/3-o4t/3
2
) 3 sin(
0
t e
t E
5t/3-o5t/3
2
) sin(
0
t e
t E
2t-o2t
2
) 3 2 sin(
0
t e t E
B. Interference Generated by Rectifier
The rectiIier can be substituted as a norton equivalent
circuit and the interIerence calculation equivalent circuit is
shown in Fig.6.
(a) Norton equivalent circuit (b) InterIerence calculation equivalent circuit
Fig.6 Equivalent circuit oI rectiIier
In Fig.6, Z
cm
represents the common mode impedance oI
the rectiIier. It can be seemed as the 2 2
L LISN cm
Z Z Z + = ,
when the interIerence is measured by LISN. The current
source i
com
represent the common-mode interIerence source,
which is the short current between the AC side
middle-point(N) and the DC side equivalent ground(O). When
DC side current is Ilowing, the current is :
2 / 2 /
L LISN
NO
com
Z Z
u
i
+
=
(8)
When the DC side current is zero,
0 =
com
i
.
AIter get the equivalent current source, the common-mode
current can be calculated as Eq.(9)~(10).
1 2
1
e cm cm
cm
com cm
L j Z Z
Z
i I
e + +
=
(9)
) ( 1
2 2
2
2
1 2
c e m
m cm
cm cm
L L C
C j Z
I I
+
=
e
e (10)
The Z
cm2
represents the impedance oI the inverter side,
which can be calculated as Eq. (11).
) ( ) (
) ( 1
2 2
3
2 2
2
2
e c m p m p
c e m
cm
L L C C j C C j
L L C
Z
+ +
+
=
e e
e (11)
C. Inverter EMI Source
Inverter EMI source can be calculated in Fig.7, O is the
equivalent ground oI the DC side, R and L represents the
machine. N is the neutral point oI the motor.
Fig. 7 Inverter Equivalent circuit
From Fig.7:
= = +
= = +
= = +
NO CO CN
NO BO BN
NO AO AN
U U U i R
dt
di
L
U U U i R
dt
di
L
U U U i R
dt
di
L
3
3
2
2
1
1
(12)
When the system is symmetric,
0
3 2 1
= + + i i i
, then:
NO CO BO AO
U U U U = + + 3
(13)
Suppose the switch Iunction oI the IGBT T
a
is S
a
=
oII turn is T 0
on turn is T 1
a
a
a
S
Then, switch Iunction oI the T
a
*
is 1-S
a
,
2
) 1 2 ( )
2
( ) 1 (
2
dc
a
dc
a
dc
a AO
V
S
V
S
V
S U = + =
(14)
U
BO
U
CO
can be obtained in the same way. Thus common
interIerence source U
NO
is:
=
=
c b a i
i
dc
NO
S
V
U
, ,
) 1 2 (
6
(15)
When the inverter is nature sample, the common
interIerence source can be calculated as Eq.(16).
=
=
+
+ =
=
1
1 3 6
2
4 , 2
1
1 6
2 ) 1 (
3 , 1
0
2 ) 1 (
3 , 1
, ,
| ) 3 6 ( sin| )
2
( ) 1 (
2
) 6 cos( )
2
( ) 1 (
2
) cos( )
2
( ) 1 (
2
3
l
s l
n
n
dc
l
s l
n
n
dc
s
n
n
dc
c b a i
ih
dc
com
t l n
an
J
n
v
t l n
an
J
n
v
t n
an
J
n
v
S
v
v
e e
t
t
e e
t
t
e
t
t
(16)
D. Interference Generate by Inverter
The interIerence can be calculated in Fig.8.
Fig. 8 The Equivalent circuit oI inverter interIerence calculation
The common mode current can be easily calculated.
) ( 1
2 2
2
1
2
e c m cm m
m com
cm
L L C Z C j
C j V
I
+ +
=
e e
e (17)
) ( 2
1 1
1
2 1
e c LISN
cm
cm cm
L L j Z
Z
I I
+ +
=
e
(18)
Here,
829
June 17, 2004 19:46 Research Publishing: Trim Size: 8.50in x 11.00in (IEEE proceedings) ieee-emc08:P150
19
th
International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1922 May 2008, Singapore
) ( 2 2
) ( 2
1 1
2
1 1
1
e c p LISN p
e c LISN
cm
L L C Z C j
L L j Z
Z
+ +
+ +
=
e e
e (19)
AIter the interIerence generated by rectiIier and generated
by inverter is calculated, only take a simple addition, the total
spectrum envelope can be obtained.
E. Experiment Setup
To veriIy above analysis, an experiment system is build up.
The system input voltage is 205V, 50Hz, output voltage is
220V, 50Hz. The output current is 1.3A, the inverter switch
Irequency is 10kHz.
F. Experiment Results
The calculated results and the experiments results are
shown in Fig.(9)~(12).
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
I
cm1
I
cm2
Frequency( Hz)
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
dBA
Fig.9 InterIerence generated by rectiIier
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Frequency( Hz)
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
dBA
I
cm2
I
cm1
Fig.10 InterIerence generated by Inverter
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Frequency( Hz)
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
dBA
I
cm2
I
cm1
Fig.11 Total interIerence spectrum
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Frequency( Hz)
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
dBA
I
cm1
:Predicted Result and Measurement Result
Predicted Result
Measurement Result
aCommon current between inverter and LISN Icm1
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Frequency( Hz)
M
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
dBA
I
cm2
:Predicted Result and Measurement Result
Predicted Result
Measurement Result
bCommon current between machine and inverter Icm2
Fig.12 Measurement results and predicted results
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The interIerence oI power electronics system is more and
more serious. Prediction oI the interIerence is very useIul. A
new Irequency domain method is proposed in this paper, thus
the interIerence generated by diIIerent device can be
calculated separately, and the complexity oI the calculation is
decreased greatly. And this method can be easily spread to the
system EMC analysis. An inverter-Ied machine system is
calculated in this paper, the experiments results veriIied the
validity oI the prediction method.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation oI China under grant 5072106350677070.
REFERENCES
|1| Li RanSunil GokaniJon Clare etc. 'Conducted Electromagnetic
Emissions in Induction Motor Drive Systems Part II Frequency
Domain ModelsIEEE Trans. on Power Electronics vol.13 pp:
768-776, 1998.
|2| ZhongErkuanLipo Thomas A. 'Improvements in EMC perIormance
oI inverter-Ied motor drives IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications vol 31 pp:1247-1256, 1995
|3| Ma Weiming, Electromagnetic Compatibility in Power Electronics,
WuHan, China: WuHan Hydraulic and Electric University Press, 1999
|4| Chen GuochengPWM Inverter and soft switching Power Converter
Technique, Beijing, China Machine Press,2003
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