2005-F.

5 MOCK EXAM-CHEM 1-2 -1-

 SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. The incomplete diagram below represents the arrangement of the ions in crystals of sodium chloride.

sodium ion
chloride ion

(a) (i) Complete the diagram by adding the missing ions.

(ii) How does this crystal structure explain the fact that sodium chloride cannot conduct an
elec electric current when in the solid state?

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(iii) The melting point of sodium chloride is 801 oC. Explain why it has such a high melting
p point.

(b) Give an industrial use of sodium chloride.

(5 marks)

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2.

ChemKong

Steel ships can suffer from rusting. Painting helps to prevent this.

(a) Why is corrosion faster in sea water than in fresh water?

(b) Why does painting help to prevent rusting?

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(c) Describe another way in which the ship could be protected from rusting. Explain your answer.

(d) Steel is an alloy of iron. Iron is extracted from iron(III) oxide. Describe, with appropriate
equatequation, how iron is extracted from iron(III) oxide.

(7 marks)

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3. For each of the following experiments, state an expected observation and write a chemical equation for
the reaction involved.

(a) Bubbling sulphur dioxide into acidified potassium dichromate solution.

(b) Putting a small piece of calcium into water.

(4 marks)

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4. A student carried out an experiment on thermal decomposition of limestone.

(a) Write an equation for thermal decomposition of limestone.

(b) A gas is evolved in thermal decomposition of limestone. The gas can be tested with lime water.

(i) Draw an experimental set-up to identify the gas.

(ii) State any observable change for the test. Write an equation to explain the change in the
t test.

(5 marks)

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5. Petrol vapour is mixed with air before being burned in a car engine. The amount of petrol in the
mixture can be varied. The amounts of polluted gases, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, in the
exhaust emissions from cars depend on the mixture used, as shown in the graph below.

carbon monoxide

concentration
of pollutant
gases

nitrogen oxide

percentage of petrol in
air/ petrol mixture

(a) Describe how the concentration of carbon monoxide varies as the percentage of petrol in the

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m mixture increases. Explain the change.

(b) The car engine releases most energy when there is 7.2 % petrol in the mixture. Suggest why the
h highest concentration of nitrogen oxide is produced in the engine under the conditions.

(c) Suggest how carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are removed from car exhausts.

(5 marks)

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6. The diagram represents the structure of a common plastic.

(a) Draw the structure of the monomer from which it is made.

(b) Disposal of this plastic by landfilling will cause environmental problems. Explain.

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(c) The plastic can be used to manufacture plastic pipes.

(i) How could a length of straight pipe be bent to fit the desired curvature in a particular
drain drainage system? Explain your answer.

(ii) Used plastic pipes are usually destroyed by burning in incinerators.

Explain why the incineration of the plastic may cause environmental problem.

(5 marks)
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7.
Usage:
Usage: For white cotton
Machine Wash: To every 30 litres water add
Machine Wash:
1/2 cup of the bleach
Hand Wash: To every 5 litres add 2/3
Hand Wash:
capful ..........

In an experiment to determine the bleaching power of a bottle of bleach, Mr. Kong poured 150 cm3 of
the bleach to a conical flask and then added dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution. Unexpected
large amount of pale green gas was given off. He left the laboratory immediately.

(a) (i) Name the gas given off.

(ii) Write an equation for the formation of the gas.

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(b) On the next day, he came back to the laboratory and found that the coloured papers near the
turned wh beaker turned white. Explain briefly with the help of equations.

(c) Mr. Kwok, the supervisor of Mr. Kong, investigated this event and gave him several suggestions
fo for improvement. One was that Mr. Kong should put a warning statement on the bottle. Write
the warning statement that should be displayed on the bottle of bleach.

(7 marks)

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8. Consider the following flow chart.
Process 1 Process 2
glucose ethanol ethanoic acid

Condensation

compound X

(a) Name process 1.

(b) Draw a diagram to show how the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid in process 2 is carried out
i in the laboratory.

(c) Write the chemical equation for the condensation reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid. Please do not write in the margin
Nam Name one addit ional reagent required for this reaction.

(d) Give the IUPAC name for the product formed by the condensation reaction.

(7 marks)

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For question 9, candidates are required give a paragraph-length answer. In this
question, 6 marks will be awarded for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective
communication.
9. Concentrated sulphuric acid shows different chemical properties when compared with dilute sulphuric
acid. Discuss the differences in their chemical properties and illustrate your answer with appropriate
examples and equations.

(9 marks)

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END OF SECTION A

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 SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

10. Consider the following experimental set-up.

zinc silver carbon carbon

electrode electrode electrode Y electrode X

silver nitrate
solution Dilute sulphuric
acid
set-up I set-up II

(a) Set-up I acts as an electrochemical cell in the above set-up.

(i) Deduce the direction of electrons flow.

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(ii) Explain why set-up I is not a reliable source of electricity.

(b) (i) What would be observed at electrode X after the circuit is closed?

(ii) Write half-equations for the reactions occurred at electrodes X and Y respectively.

(iii) Explain, in terms of preferential discharge of ions, how the product is formed at electrode Y.

(c) Describe the change on the solution in set-up II, after the circuit has been closed for 1 hour?

(8 marks)

2005-F.5 MOCK EXAM-CHEM 1-12 -11-

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11. 0.6 g of zinc was added to 10 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, using the apparatus below.

0.6 g zinc

The graph below shows how the volume of the gas collected during the reaction.

Volume of
gas

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(a) Write an equation for the reaction occurred.

(b) Calculate the maximum volume of gas which could be collected in the gas syringe at room
terature temperature and pressure.

(c) Describe and explain the change in the rate of reaction as the reaction progresses.

(d) The experiment was repeated using dilute sulphuric acid of the same concentration.
Suggest how the rate of reaction would differ from the reaction between zinc and
hydrochlorhydrochloric acid. Explain your reasoning.

(Molar volume of gas in room temperature and pressure = 24.0 dm3)

(10 marks)

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12. A student carried out the following experiment to prepare copper(II) sulphate crystals, CuSO4·5H2O.

100 cm3 of 2 M sulphuric acid was first diluted to 250.0 cm3 with distilled water. Excess copper(II)
carbonate was added to 50 cm3 of the diluted acid in a beaker. After the reaction, the mixture was
filtered and the filtrate was warmed until a saturated solution was obtained. The solution was
allowed to cool. After a day, the crystals formed were filtered off, washed and dried.

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between copper(II) carbonate and sulphuric acid.

(b) How could the student know that the reaction between copper(II) carbonate and the diluted acid
was was complete?

(c) What is meant by the term ‘saturated solution’? Suggest a test on the copper(II) sulphate
solllllsolution to see whether the solution is saturated.

(d) Why do copper(II) sulphate crystals lose mass when they are heated?

(e) Calculate the theoretical mass of copper(II) sulphate crystals formed.

(9 marks)

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For question 13, candidates are required give a paragraph-length answer. In this
question, 6 marks will be awarded for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective
communication.
13. Describe briefly how soap can be produced from vegetable oil in the laboratory. State the problems
associated with the use of soap.

(9 marks)

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END OF PAPER

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