A similar system, using slightly modified Trident somponents, is now being supplied for the HS.801 Nimrod. ICI silicone rubber is used for flexible connectors in hot air ducting. Isopad electric surface heaters are used in aircraft de-icing fluids.
A similar system, using slightly modified Trident somponents, is now being supplied for the HS.801 Nimrod. ICI silicone rubber is used for flexible connectors in hot air ducting. Isopad electric surface heaters are used in aircraft de-icing fluids.
A similar system, using slightly modified Trident somponents, is now being supplied for the HS.801 Nimrod. ICI silicone rubber is used for flexible connectors in hot air ducting. Isopad electric surface heaters are used in aircraft de-icing fluids.
Road, Hatfield, Herts (Hatfield 62300) Hawker Siddeley Dynamics is currently producing anti- icing equipment for all versions of the Trident, the complete system for which was developed in the company's extensive air conditioning test facilities at Hatfield. A similar system, using slightly modified Trident somponents, is now being supplied for the HS.801 Nimrod. The Trident's hot air anti-icing installation consists of two main systems. First, each engine and its intake has an individual sub- system that is selected and controlled indepen- dently of the second main systemthat of the airframealthough each draws high-pressure bleed air from the final compressor stages of the three engines. Engine low-pressure bleed air, also, is fed into the airframe system, each of the three supply circuits of which comprises pneumatically operated high- and low-pressure bleed air control valvesboth HSD com- ponentsmanual shut-off valves, and a mixing chamber incorporating temperature sensors and cut-out switches. Mixing chamber output passes, at the correct flow and temperature, through non-return valves into the main dis- tribution gallery leading to the wings and tail unit. (25) Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, Mill- bank, London SW1 (01-834 4444) IC1 silicone rubber, produced in Scotland by the Nobel Division Silicones Group, is used for flexible connectorssuch as those supplied by Bell's Asbestos & Engineeringin hot air ducting. Silicone rubber can be fabricated to any shape, remains flexible from 40C to 23OC, and is unaffected by hydraulic fluid or condensation. . Isopropanol, another ICI product (from the ' Heavy Organic Chemicals Division) is used alone, or as a component, in aircraft de-icing fluids. {26) Isopad Ltd, Barnet By-pass, Boreham Wood, Herts (01-953 2817) Isopad electric surface heaters, described in detail in Flight as long ago as March 1, 1957, are still widely used on Dowty Rotol propeller blades and spinners in Dart-powered aircraft. The spinner elements comprise practically alkali-free glass yarn, interwoven with special resistance wire. Isotapes, manufactured to suit any type of voltage, are applied with thermal insulation for frost protection of waste water lines in the B AC One-Eleven, among other aircraft. Isotapes use a high-temperature p.v.c. extrusion over the heating elements, and are suitable for tempera- tures up to 60C. Isopad products are also used for frost pro- tection on valves, cameras and missile com- ponents. (27) Kigass Ltd, Kigass House, Chapel Street, Leamington Spa, Warwicks (Leamington Spa 22241) Kigass produce a range of hand- operated pumpswith capacities of 5, 10, 20 and 40 c.c. per stroke, and spray nozzle jet unitswhich are suitable for windscreen fluid de-icing systems in helicopters and light air- craft. : <28) Kilfrost Ltd, 162-164, Uxbridge Road, , Hanwell, London W7 (01-567 7274) Pioneers of chemical de-icing and de-frosting under wartime conditions. Kilfrost have been supplying defrosting fluids to the Services and to airlines for some 25 years. More recently this company has developed, in con- junction with BEA, the hot defrosting tech- nique for removing frozen deposits from parked aircraft. The original hot defrosting concentrate U C2, and the later DC2A, have now been superseded in Service and airline use by a still more advanced productthe Kilfrost Anti-icing Barrier Compound (ABC). This can either be applied to aircraft during turn- round as a hot defrosting fluid or, by application as a cold concentrate, can give Protection to parked aircraft for up to fws, Kilfrost ABC is now used by three air forces, 13 airlines and two airport authorities. Other Kilfrost compounds include de-icing nuids for T.K.S. airborne airframe de-icing systems, hoar-frost remover and Arctic ae-icing fluid for parked aircraft, and a wing oe-icing paste designed for manual pre-fiight application. Latest product for de-icing and cleaning Pilots windshields is Windscreen Washing fluid Mod. 2. (29) Lucas Gas Turbine Equipment Ltd, Shaftmoor Lane, Birmingham 28 (Spring- field 3232) Lucas combustion heaters represent the alternative to compressor bleed, or exhaust gas heat exchangers, as the heat source for built-in hot air anti- icing systems. Temperature controlled, the air combustion heaters take their fuel from the aircraft main supply. The full system comprises, in addition to the heater, fuel and electrical control units, ram air pressure switch, and control panel. On the ground the output from Lucas mobile air heaters, employing similar com- bustion heaters to the airborne units, can be used for external defrosting of parked aircraft. (30) Miraflores, The Friary, Old Windsor, Berks (Windsor 63742) Kleerscreen rain repellent, supplied by Miraflores in kit form for external, pre-flight application by hand in a matter of seconds, is in world-wide use by airlines and light aircraft operators. One kit is sufficient to treat 50 airliner wind- screens, and each application should, properly applied, last about 200 flying hours. Kleerscreen is not a de-icing com- pound, but its properties can deter the onset of icing. (31) Mobil Oil Co Ltd, Caxton House, Tot- hill Street, London SW1 (01-839 6645) Mobil aero de-icing fluid No. 1 is a special isopropyl alcohol, supplied for use in propeller, wind- screen, carburetter and other airborne fluid de-icing systems. (32) Negretti & Zambra Ltd, Aviation Division, Stocklake, Aylesbury, Bucks (Aylesbury 5931) Differential pressure switches are supplied by Negretti & Zambra for engine mounting, to detect changes in pressure drop caused by ice accretion across the engine fuel filter when there is no provision for fuel heating other than through the oil cooler. The type of switch fitted to the Rolls-Royce Spey is designed to signal when a differential of 51b/sq in exists in the system. This operates a panel light to give warning for reduction of the fuel flow rates, thus permitting increased heat pick- up through the oil cooler. Negretti & Zambra also manufacture a range of thermal unitstemperature-sensing devices designed for servo control of actuators or for electrical switching. (33) Page Engineering Co (Sunbury-on- Thames) Ltd, Page Works, Forge Lane, Green Street, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middx (01-768 4242) A two-minute delay device is incorporated in the Trident's anti-icing system to cater for intermittent icing con- ditions while under automatic control. This ice detector delay unit, manufactured by Page Engineering, provides two controlled outputs, one to the anti-icing control system operated by the ice detector contacts; its purpose is to maintain the anti-icing system in operation after the detector contacts have opened. (34) Palmer Aero Products Ltd, Penfold Street, Edgware Road, London NWS (01-723 8822) Palmer aerofoil de-icer equipment, Goodrich-licence manufactured at the Leyland works of BTR Industries, is produced in a range of systems to suit small piston-engined aircraft such as the Islander and Beagle B.206 series, and turbo- props such as the HS.748, Skyvan and Jetstream. These externally mounted, lightweight rubber de-icers are attached with an air- 753 cure cement, and are manufactured to tolerances approaching those of metal leading-edge skin profiles. In the HS.748 installation, engine bleed air is used to inflate the mainly chordwise tubes, through solenoid-operated distributor valves; altern- ate tubes are cyclically pulsated under the control of an electronic timer. Tubes are deflated under suction from ejectors, which also derive their forcing pressure from com- pressor bleed air. In the light aircraft system, the spanwise tubes are simultaneously inflated by air at 151b/sq in from the exhaust side of the standard engine-driven vacuum pumps. A transistorised electronic timer operates the control valve solenoids and, when the systems is de-energised, pump suction keeps the deflated tubes flat against the skin. (35) Plessey Co Ltd, Dynamics Group, Ilford, Essex (Tel 01-478 3040) A miniature temperature controller for electrically heated windscreens or de-icer elements is now pro- duced by Plessey. The operation-point of this 28V d.c. controller is adjustable over a wide range of settings, and its construction lends itself to stacking. It may be used as an ON/OFF control for any function which can be sensed as a change of resistance. Other Plessey products used in anti-icing systems include hot-air stop-valve actuators and ducting components. (36) Porter Co (Great Britain) Ltd, H. K., Cameron Street, Hillington, Glasgow SW2 (Moss Heights 8771) Porter V-band clamps, incorporating fail-safe protection, provide a positively sealed, compact light- weight joint suitable for use in hot air ducting systems. Porter also supply heavy duty Thermoid ground air starter delivery hose. (37) RoIIason Engineering Ltd, Croydon Airport, Surrey (01-688 7238) Rollason's Thawspray trolleys are supplied to airlines and other operators, for ground application of hot defrosting concentrates such as Kil- frost's anti-icing barrier compound. This mobile spraying plant is equipped with a 50gal insulated tank, petrol-engine-driven pump, thermostatically controlled mains powered immersion heaters, delivery hose and two 9ft spray lances. (38) Rosemount Engineering Co Ltd, Durban Road, Bognor Regis, Sussex (Bognor Regis 4101) Currently manufac- turing a new type of miniature ice detector suitable for both ground and airborne use. It is capable of sensing very low thresholds of ice accretion, is proof against dirt and insects and has no moving parts. The detector head can be mounted on the for- ward fuselage or, alternatively, directly in the engine intake. The output of the detector can be processed further to give a measure of icing intensity. Rosemount manufacture two types of miniature electrical heating cable capable of producing a high power output per unit length, and these cables are being used for de-icing the intake leading-edges, variable- geometry ramps and the extreme wing leading-edges of the Concorde. The Trident 1C, IE and Nimrod carry Rosemount temperature-control equipment which measures and controls the wing-skin temperatures. For the Trident 2E this equipment provides automatic control of the hot air de-icing valves and controls wing and tail skin temperatures automati- cally. Teddington's icing-rate system. The leading heater/sensor is exposed to the airstream and the rear heater/sensor is shielded by an inenial droplet separator. With both maintained at con- stant temperature, dif- ference in power re- quirement is a function of cooling effect F R O N T HEATERl S E N S O R (WET) OTECTIVE T U B E p-BOPY r REAR HEATER|SENSO<DRY) \ / SHKXJD A i /