Abstract--- The greenhouse technology is widely used in

various countries to fulfil different climatic conditions. This

paper presents a design of basic fuzzy logic controller which
optimizes the temperature, and humidity by application of
heating, cooling, humidifiers and ventilation systems. Due to
multi-variable, nonlinear and non-stationary system,
conventional methods like onoff, PID are difficult to
implement in this type of system. Fuzzy logic controller is
designed in the Distributed Control System (DCS)for practical
implementation of project.
Index Terms--- Fuzzy Logic Control, RS-Logix 5000
Fuzzy Designer, ControlLogix-5000 Set-Up

I. INTRODUCTION
e know that our countrys economy is basically
agrarian. Nearly 70 % of our per capita income comes
from agricultural sector. Once India used to be major exporter
of food grains and now not even self sufficient in the matter.
The discrepancy is occurring due to lack of our efforts in this
direction. We come to know that foreign nations are
approaching towards modern way of farming practices to cope
up with the necessity of having ample crop from our limited
resources [8]. Greenhouse is such manifestation of smart
farming. Even, in India, it is being implemented on large
scale.
Now, we must get ourselves acquainted with greenhouse in
brief, which is the soul of the research. Greenhouse is a
structure enclosed by a translucent material in which plants are
grown. The basic function of a greenhouse is to provide a
protective environment for crop production. Greenhouse is
having many benefits because they are having controlled
climatic conditions favourable for crop growth. From many
years the conventional techniques of regulation (adaptive
control, optimal control, On-Off Control) have been developed
[1], [2], [3]. By considering internal and external variables and
complexities it is often difficult to implement such
conventional techniques of regulation. To solve these
problems we selected the option of fuzzy control. Fuzzy
control does not need to set up mathematical model of the
controlled object [5], and it suits the control for non-linear,
time-varying, time-delay for the robustness of system.
Therefore, it is very appropriate for the greenhouse
Amit Kulkarni, Student of M. Tech, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded. E-mail:
amitkulkarni24@gmail.com
Rajesh Jamkar, Associate Professor, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute
of Engineering & Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded.
environmental systems. In this paper we considered the basic
fuzzy controller by applying internal as well as external
parameters (disturbances) affecting on the process. Results are
taken for different climatic conditions by changing set point.

Fig. 1: Greenhouse Model
A. Structure of Experimental Greenhouse
A metallic structure of size 100 cm 90 cm 90 cm is
prepared for experiment. It is covered by plastic
(polyethylene) as cladding material. Physical characteristics of
the greenhouse are given below,
LM-35DZ temperature sensor [12] for the
measurement of internal and external temperature
SY-HS230 humidity sensor [13] for the measurement
of internal and external humidity.
Heating and cooling system by using high intensity
lamps and fans respectively.
Humidification and ventilation system by using
foggers [14] and roofing respectively.
Drip irrigation [7] system by considering the
temperature and moisture in the soil.
Fig.1 shows the principle diagram of greenhouse climate
control
II. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
A fuzzy logic controller [6], [4] is a system which works
on numerical data and converts it into a symbolic form by
using fuzzification. Decision rules in the form of if-then logic
are implemented to obtain symbolic answer, which again
converted in numerical data by the method of defuzzification.
Fuzzy logic is mathematical theory dealing with uncertainty.
This approach is widely used in modelling non-linear systems
with high complexity, plant dynamics is unknown or if it
Fuzzy Logic Control of Greenhouse Climate using
Hybrid Distributed Control
Amit S. Kulkarni, Kunal N. Tiwari, and Rajesh G. J amkar


W
Proceedings of 3rd National Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing - NCECS 2013 65
ISBN 978-93-82338-71-0 2013 Bonfring
changes rapidly. The block diagram of fuzzy logic controller
is as shown in Fig.2.

A. Implementation of Fuzzy Controller for Greenhouse
Implementation of fuzzy controller for greenhouse consists
of,
Input variables: Internal (Ti) & external (Te)
temperature internal (Hi) & external humidity (He)
Reference temperature (Ts)& Reference humidity
(Hs)
Membership functions with required linguistic
variables
Rule base data achieving all required conditions
Output membership function with range and linguistic
variables of all control outputs.
Output Variables: Heating & cooling system for
temperature
control and humidification & ventilation system for
humidity control.
B. Basic Fuzzy Controller
By considering internal as well as external climate
parameters basic fuzzy controller is designed for greenhouse
as seen in Fig.1.
1) Selection of Input & Output Variables
For the input & output variables to fuzzy controller we
considered,
Error in internal temperature (E T i = T s T i )
Error in external temperature (E T e = T s T e )
Error in internal humidity (E H i = H s H i )
Error in external humidity (E H e = H s H i )
Fan (Fn ), Lamp (Lp ), Fogger (Fg ),Exaust Fans (Rf )
2) Selection of Membership Functions
Three linguistic variables (Low, Medium, High) are
selected for error in temperature and humidity. Membership
functions are designed by considering universe of discourse
and selection criterion. The controlling devices like Fn, Lp,
Fg, Rf are varies between 0 & 1 so two linguistic variables
(Low, High) are designed. Fig.3.a & .b showing the
membership functions for them. For the selection of
membership functions we have selected two types of
membership functions trainagular & trapezoidal. Trapezoidal
type MF is used for medium case as this type of MF having
constant value of highest membership function (core of MF).

Fig.3: Membership Function for Error in Internal, External
Temperature & Humidity
3) FAM Table:
Fuzzy Associative Memory (FAM) Table is formed by
using 81 If-Then-Else logical rules created. Table I. a & .b
shows the FAM table with two different conditions of internal
temperature and humidity for basic fuzzy controller.
Table I: FAM Table for Basic Fuzzy Controller
If E Ti =Medium, EHi =High, ETe =Low and EHe =
Low, Then Lp =Low, Fg =High, Rf =Low , Fn =Low
(a) For ETi = Medium, EHi = High
ETe /
EHe
L M H
L LHLL LHLL LHLL
M LLHL LLLL LHLL
H LHLL LHLL LHLL
If ETi =High, EHi =Low, ETe =High and EHe =Low
Then Lp =High, Fg =Low, Rf =Low , Fn =Low
(b) For ETi = High, EHi = Low
ETe /
EHe
L M H
L LLHH LLHH LLHH
M LLHH LLHH LLHH
H HLLL HLLL HLLL

4) Defuzzification Method
Defuzzification is a process in which symbolic form or
fuzzy values into numerical values. In this paper we selected
Centroid method for defuzzification.
III. RESULTS
For considering the different control actions, two different
conditions have considered. one when the surrounding
Proceedings of 3rd National Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing - NCECS 2013 66
ISBN 978-93-82338-71-0 2013 Bonfring
temperature was hot and second when surrounding
temperature was cool. So we have considered cooling and
heating process by taking two different set points. Graphical
results for the basic fuzzy controller for two different process
are as shown in Fig. 4-7.
Results for Cooling Process :

Fig. 4a: Graphical Nature for Internal, External Temperature
for Cooling Process
For the cooling process we taken the reference temperature
as 27C and humidity as 55%. As temperature is very sluggish
process, it is very difficult to decrease the temperature and
maintain the set point. The above results are taken for 45
minutes. From Fig.4.a, at the beginning of process the internal
& external temperature were upto 32 & 35 C respectively.
The process was so slow that upto 75 samples the the
controlling devices were less capable to decrease internal
temperature. After 75 samples there was slowly decrement in
internal temperature. At the final stage the temperature
reached upto 30 C. For the humidity also the system was so
sluggish, so upto final stage we got the internal humidity upto
47% as shown in Fig. 4.b. Fig.5 shows the fan and fogger
action for the cooling process.

Fig.4b: Graphical Nature for Internal, External Humidity for
Cooling Process




Fig.5: Outputs for the Cooling and Humidification for Cooling
Process
Results for Heating Process
For the heating process we have taken the reference
temperature as 34 C and humidity as 70%. From Fig.6, at the
beginning the internal and external temperature were upto 28
& 26 C respectively. The internal and external humidity were
upto 85%. Heating action is taken as temperatures are below
reference temperatures. As incre-ment in temperature is faster
than cooling, we achieved the reference point and controlled
the climate. For the entire heating process there was not any
control action for humidity due to heating process. So we got
the constant results of humidity. Fig.7 shows the control action
for the heating process. The designed greenhouse climate set-
up is as shown in the Fig.8


Proceedings of 3rd National Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing - NCECS 2013 67
ISBN 978-93-82338-71-0 2013 Bonfring

Fig 6: Graphical Nature for the Internal, External Temperature
& Humidity for Heating Process

Fig 7: Outputs for the Heating & Ventilation for Heating
Process

Fig. 8: Greenhouse Model
IV. HYBRID DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM
Fuzzy logic controller can be designed on ControlLogix
5000 Hybrid D.C.S. by using RS-Logix 5000 & RS-Logix
5000 Fuzzy Designer software. 1756-IF4FXOF2F analog
input/output module is used for the input to the fuzzy
Controller [11]. The communication protocol used in the
process is Ethernet.

Fig 9: Fuzzy Logic Designer
A. Implementation of Fuzzy Logic in D.C.S.
Fuzzy logic controllers are designed first by using RS-
Logix 5000 Fuzzy Designer software as shown in Fig.8 [9].
This fuzzy logic is exported to ControlLogix 5000 hybrid
D.C.S. by Add-On instruction by using RS-Logix 5000
programming software [10]. Fig.9 shows the Add-On
instruction created as a fuzzy logic controller. The reason
behind selecting hybrid D.C.S.for implementation of fuzzy
logic is the simplysity. By using fuzzy logic designer software,
the implementation of fuzzy logic for real time
implementation became easy task.

Fig. 10: Add-On Instruction for Fuzzy Logic Controller
V. CONCLUSION
Greenhouse climate control is a very essential concept
now.
In this paper first we have discussed basic fuzzy logic
controller by considering internal as well as external
parameters. The advantage of this controller is that we
considered external disturbances. But due to sluggish process
the model was valid only for 4-5 hours throughout the day.
The controller contains 81 if-then type logical rules for four
input variables. So if number of inputs are increased by
increasing change of error input variable there will be more
complexities. Due to absence of rate of change of error input,
there is no feed-forward action of controller and results with
less stability.
To reduce limitations of this controller in future we can
extend the project for Optimized Fuzzy Controller where two
Proceedings of 3rd National Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing - NCECS 2013 68
ISBN 978-93-82338-71-0 2013 Bonfring
separate fuzzy controllers can design by considering rate of
change in error input so that system will become more stable.
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Proceedings of 3rd National Conference on Electronics, Communication and Signal Processing - NCECS 2013 69
ISBN 978-93-82338-71-0 2013 Bonfring