Chem 1A

Chapter 5 Exercises
Pressure =
Area
Force
; Force = Mass x Acceleration;
If mass = kg, an acceleration = m!s
"
, Force = kg#m!s
"
= $e%ton &$'
If Area = m
"
, Pressure = &kg#m!s
"
'!m
"
= $!m
"
= Pascal; &1 Pa = 1 $!m
"
'
(as Pressure) 1 atm = *+, torr &mm-g' = 1.#*, psi = 1,1#/ kPa = 1#,1/ x 1,
5
Pa
Exercises 01)
1# A person %ith a mass of *,#, kg stans s1uarel2 on ice in the ice3skating ring# 4he person is %earing
a pair of sneakers %ith a flat sole an a total surface area of /#+ x 1,
31
m
"
# &a' Calculate the pressure
exerte on the ice surface 52 that person6 &5' 7hat is this pressure in atmospheres &atm' an in torr6
&4he acceleration ue to gra8itational pull is 9#:, m!s
"
'
&Ans%er) P = 191, Pa = ,#,1:: atm = 1.#/ torr'
"# If the same person is %earing a pair of ice3skating shoes in %hich the total contact area of the shoe
5laes is .#5 x 1,
3/
m
"
, %hat is the pressure exerte 52 the 5laes on the ice surface6 &5' Express this
pressure in atmospheres &atm' an in torr6
&Ans%er) P = 1#5" x 1,
5
Pa = 1#5, atm = 1#1. x 1,
/
torr'
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Boyles Law
/# A "#5, m
/
of r2 air, initiall2 at 1#,, atm, is pumpe into a rigi 5,#,3< steel tank at constant
temperature# 7hat is the final air pressure in the tank6 &Ans%er) 5,#, atm'
.# -o% man2 cu5ic meters of r2 air, initiall2 at 1#,, atm, must 5e pumpe into a 5,#,3< steel tank at
constant temperature so that its final pressure in the tank is 1/+ atm6 &Ans%er) +#:, m
/
'
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Charless Law
5# A sample of %ater 8apor has a 8olume "5#, m< at ",
o
C an 1#,, atm pressure# 7hat is the 8olume of
the 8apor at 1,,
o
C an 1#,, atm6 &Ans%er) /1#: m<'
+# An aerosol spra2 can contains a resiual gas at 1#,5 atm an ",
o
C# 4he can is place in the o8en that
is set at /"5
o
F# 7hat is the final gas pressure at /"5
o
F6 &Assume 8olume remains constant#'
&Ans%er) 1#5+ atm'
*# A sample of helium gas has a 8olume of 5+#, < at =4P# &a' 7hat is the gas 8olume at 3.,
o
C an "1+
torr6 &5' 7hat is the gas 8olume at "5
o
C an .#, atm6
&Ans%er) &a' 1+: <; &5' 15#/ <'
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1
Chem 1A
Chapter 5 Exercises
Avogadros Law
:# If ,#15 mole of a gas sample has a 8olume of /#+1 < at ",
o
C an 1#,, atm, %hat is the molar 8olume
of the gas uner the same temperature an pressure6 &Ans%er) ".#1 <'
9# A ,#15 mole sample of $" gas in a /#.3< flask has a pressure of 1#,, atm at 5#,
o
C# 7hat pressure %ill
,#5, mole of $" gas exert at the same temperature6 &Assume the 8olume remains constant'
&Ans%er) 11 atm'
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Daltons Law of Partial Pressure:
The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of individual gas in the
mixture;
Ptotal = PA > P? > PC > @@> Pi;
1,# A "5#,3< tank contains "95 g $", 1/5 g A", an ".#, -e gases# Calculate the partial pressure of each
gas an the total gas pressure at ",#,
o
C#
&Ans%er) P$" = 1,#1 atm; PA" = .#,+ atm; P-e = 5#** atm; Ptotal = 19#9 atm'
11# A 5#,3gallon gas tank contains $" an -" gas, such that the partial pressure of -" is three times that of
$" gas# If the total gas pressure is "#. atm at "5
o
C, ho% man2 grams of $" an -", respecti8el2, are
present6 &Ans%er) 1/ g of $" an "#: g of -"'
1"# A 5#,,3< tank contains 1"#, g mixture of $" an A" gases# If the total pressure of the gas at ""
o
C is
1#9, atm ho% man2 grams of each gas are present in the mixture6 &B = ,#,:",+
<#atm
!C#mol'
&Ans%er) /#9" g of $" an :#,* g of A"'
"
Chem 1A
Chapter 5 Exercises
Ideal Gas Equation: PV n!" and Gas Density# d
B4
PM
$
Densit2 =
Eolume
Mass
; Mass of gas = mole x Molar mass = nM &M = molar mass'
Densit2 &' =
E
nM
; 5ut mole &n' = PE!B4; 4hen, =
E
&PE!B4'M
= PM!B4
=o, gas ensit2 can 5e expresse 52 the formula, =
B4
PM
; an M =
P
B4
(as ensit2 increases as pressure an!or molar mass increase, 5ut ecreases as temperature increases#
4he molar mass of a gaseous su5stance can 5e calculate from its ensit2 measure at a gi8en
temperature an pressure#
Exercises 0")
1# 1#,, mole of ieal gas occupies a 8olume of ""#.1. < at 1#,,, atm pressure an "*/#15 C# ?ase on
this information, e8aluate the gas constant B# If pressure is expresse in torr &instea of atmosphere'
an e8er2thing else unchange, %hat %oul 5e the 8alue of B6
&Ans%er) +"#/+ <#torr!mol#C'
"# &a' -o% man2 grams of methane gas &C-.' %ill occup2 a 8olume of 1" gallons at =4P6 &5' -o%
man2 grams %ill occup2 1" gallons at ",
o
C an .#, atm6 &B = ,#,:",+
<#atm
!mol#C'
&Ans%er) &a' /"#+ g; &5' 1"1 g of methane'
/# A 5,#,3< tank contains +#:, kg of propane gas &C/-:; molar mass = ..#,9 g!mol'# 7hat is the gas
pressure &in atm' at ",#,
o
C6 &B = ,#,:",+
<#atm
!mol#C'&Ans%er) *.#" atm'
.# Assume that the molar mass of r2 air is "9 g!mol# 7hat is the ensit2 of air at "5
o
C an 1#,, atm6
7hat is the ensit2 of air at +5
o
C an +,,# torr6 &Ans%er) 1#" g!<'
5# 7hat is the ensit2 of sulfur hexafluorie &=F+' gas at =4P an at "5
o
C an 1#,, atm, respecti8el26
&Ans%er) ensit2 of =F+ = +#5" g!< at =4P an 5#9* g!< at "5
o
C'
+# A gaseous CFC compoun has a ensit2 of 5#.:: g!< at 1#,, atm an ""#,
o
C# 7hat is the molar mass
of the compoun6 &CFC = chlorofluorocar5on; B = ,#,:",+
<#atm
!mol#C'
&Ans%er) molar mass of CFC compoun = 1// g!mol'
Exercises 0/)
/
Chem 1A
Chapter 5 Exercises
%toi&hio'etry Involving Gaseous !ea&tants or Produ&ts(
1# Finc metal reacts %ith ilute h2rochloric aci to prouce h2rogen gas accoring to the follo%ing
e1uation)
Fn&s' > "-Cl&aq' FnCl"&aq' > -"&g';
&a' -o% man2 milliliters &m<' of h2rogen gas, measure at =4P, are prouce if 1#,, g of Ginc is
completel2 reacte %ith excess -Cl6 &5' -o% man2 m< of -" are prouce if the gas is measure at
",#,
o
C an */,#, torr6 &Ans%er) &a' /./ m< at =4P; &5' /:/ m< at ",
o
C an */,#, torr'
"# =oium aGie &$a$/' ecomposes %hen ignite accoring to the follo%ing e1uation)
"$a$/&s' " $a&s' > /$"&g'
-o% man2 grams of soium aGie shoul ecompose to prouce enough nitrogen gas to fill a .5#,3<
air5ag at /,
o
C an :,5 torr6 &Ans%er) :/#1 g of $a$/'
/# Potassium chlorate, CClA/, ecomposes %hen heate to prouce A" gas accoring to the follo%ing
e1uation)
"CClA/&s' "CCl&s' > / A"&g'
A 1#",3g mixture of potassium chlorate an potassium chlorie &CCl' is place in a test3tu5e fitte
%ith stopper that has ru55er tu5ing that %oul allo% A" gas prouce 52 CClA/ to flo% into a
grauate gas Har# If ".,# m< of A" %as collecte at ".
o
C an ,#9*" atm, ho% man2 moles of A" %ere
prouce6 7hat percentage &52 mass' of the mixture is CClA/6 &B = ,#,:",+
<#atm
!mol#C'
&Ans%er) 9#5* x 1,
3/
mol of A"; I of CClA/ = +5#"I'
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Kinetic Molecular Theory# Root-Mean-Square Speed# and Rate of Gas Diffusion
4he root-mean-square speed of gas molecules at temperature 4 is gi8en 52 the follo%ing expression)
urms &/B4!M'
%here, B = :#/1. kg#m!&s
"
#mol#C' an the molar mass M is gi8en in kg!mol# &J = kg#m
"
!s
"
'#
Exercises 0.)
1# A 5#,3< flask contains a mixture of nitrogen an h2rogen gas, such that the molar 1uantit2 of -" is
t%ice that of $" an the temperature of the gases is ""#,
o
C# Assume no reaction has taken place,
%hich gas &$" or -"' has) &i' the greater partial pressure; &ii' the greater root-mean-square speed
&urms'; &iii' the higher rate of iffusion; &iv' the higher a8erage molecular kinetic energy, an &v' the
higher fre1uenc2 of collisions %ith the container %alls6
&Ans%er) &i' -"; &ii' -"; &iii' -"; &iv' $one K 5oth gases has the same a8erage C#E#; &v' -" '
.
Chem 1A
Chapter 5 Exercises
"# &a' At a gi8en temperature, %hich gas has the higher a8erage molecular kinetic energ26 7hich gas
molecule, -" or A", has the greater molecular 8elocit26 &5' Calculate the root-mean-square speed of
-" an A" molecules, respecti8el2, at =4P# &c' 7hich gas %ill effuse at a higher rate6
&Ans%er) &a' $one K the same molecular CE; &5' urms&-"' = 1:., m!s; urms&A"' = .+, m!s'
/# 4he effusion rate of a gaseous compoun at a certain temperature an pressure is "5#, m<!min# Lner
the same conitions, the iffusion rate of $" is 5*#1 m<!min# &a' Calculate the molar mass of the
unkno%n compoun# &5' If the compoun is compose of "1#95I = an *:#,5I F, 52 mass, %hat is
the empirical formula of the compoun6 &Ans%er) &a' 1.+ g!mol; &5' =F+'
Exercises 05)
Real Gases
1# Explain %h2 real gases e8iate from ieal 5eha8ior6
&Ans%er) Beal gases ha8e finite molecular 8olume an intermolecular &attracti8e' forces exist in
real gases#'
"# 7hich gas has a larger e8iation from ieal 5eha8ior uner ientical conitions, $" or Cl"6 Explain
2our reasoning#
&Ans%er) Cl" K larger molecular 8olume an stronger attracti8e intermolecular forces'
/# Lner %hich conitions $" gas e8iate greatl2 from ieal 5eha8ior) &a' higher temperature or lo%
temperature6 &5' higher pressure or lo% pressure6 (i8e an explanation for each response#
&Ans%er) Beal gases approach ieal gas 5eha8ior uner high temperature an lo% pressure
conition#'
.# If 1#,,, mole of ieal gas %ere confine to ""#.1 < at ,#,
o
C, it %oul exert a pressure of 1#,,, atm
&*+,#, torr'# Lse the 8an er 7aals e1uation an constants for $" an Cl" to estimate the pressure
exerte 52 1#,,, mole of each gas in ""#.1 < at ,#,
o
C#
&$") a = 1#/9 <
"
3atm!mol
"
, b = ,#,#,/91 <!mol; Cl") a = +#.9 <
"
3atm!mol
"
, b = ,#,5+" <!mol'
&Ans%er) P$" = ,#999 atm; PCl" = ,#99, atm'
5