MATHEMATICS SPM

LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS

Open and Close Method
to identify
i. Angles between Lines and Planes
ii. Angles between Two Planes
MOHD NAZAN !N "AMA#$L ZAMAN
%M". "OTA "L!A%
&A$'O#T( %AAH
Use Open and Close Method to identif an!les "et#een lines and planes
$ %&le to 'e(e("e' ) i* th'ee points #hen +oint to!ethe' (&st "e a st'ai!ht line $

A, An!les "et#een Lines and Planes
E-a(ple .
The following diag)a* shows a +,boid "LMNP-#%
a. !dentify the angle between the line LP and the plane "LMN
b. !dentify the angle between the line %L and the plane "LMN
Sol&tion /a*
i. D)aw the line LP and the plane "LMN
ii. /Close0 the line LP and the plane "LMN togethe).
The line PL lies st)aight to line "L( so the st)aight line we ,se is line "L
"
L
M
N
#
%
P
-
12 +*
3 +*
4 +*
L
P
"
M
N
L
P
"
M
N
P
iii. /Open0 the line LP and the plane "LMN 51678.
Choose th)ee point that when it 9oint togethe) be+o*e a st)aight line
That the th)ee points a)e point "( point L and point P
The st)aight line 0LP o) PL0( so the angle between the line LP and the plane "LMN is
0LP o' PL0
Sol&tion "
i. D)aw the line %L and the plane "LMN
ii. /Close0 the line %L and the plane "LMN togethe).
The line %L lies st)aight to point N and point L( so the st)aight line we ,se is line NL
L
P
"
M
N
L
"
M
N
%
L
"
M
N
%
1678
iii. /Open0 the line %L and the plane "LMN51678.
Choose th)ee point that when it 9oint togethe) be+o*e a st)aight line
That the th)ee points a)e point N( point L and point %
The st)aight line NLS o) SLN( so the angle between the line %L and the plane "LMN is
NLS o' SLN
L
"
M
N
%
Use Open and Close Method to identif an!les "et#een t#o planes
1, An!les "et#een T#o Planes
E-a(ple .
The following diag)a* shows a )ight p)is* ACH&D with a ho)i:ontal plane ACD. !t is a
,nifo)* p)is* and its +)oss se+tion is an isos+eles t)iangle of sides 3 +*. The thi+;ness of the
p)is*( &A < 3 +*.
!dentify the angle between the plane AH and the plane ACD.
Sol&tion
i. D)aw the plane AH and the plane ACD
A
C
H
&
D
A
C D
H
ii. /Open0 the plane AH 51678.
Choose th)ee point that when it 9oint togethe) be+o*e a st)aight line
Point D( point A and point H when 9oint togethe) be+a*e a st)aight line b,t point C( point
and point H when 9oint togethe) it is not a st)aight line( so we +hoose point D( point A
and point H.
The)efo)e the angle between the two planes is DAH = HAD
A
C D
H
H
A
C D
H
A
C
H
&
D
E-a(ple 2
The diag)a* shows a )ight p)is* on a ho)i:ontal plane %#$T. &>,ilate)al t)iangle #$- and %TP
a)e the ,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion of the p)is*. M and N a)e the *id?points of %T and #$(
)espe+ti@ely.
Na*e the angle between the plane P#N and the plane #%T$
Sol&tion
i. D)aw the plane P#N and the plane #%T$
#
$
%
P
T
-
N
M
#
$
%
P

M
T
ii. /Open0 the line %L and the plane "LMN 5167..
Choose th)ee point that when it 9oint togethe) be+o*e a st)aight line
Point M( point N and point P when 9oint togethe) be+a*e a st)aight line
The)efo)e the angle between the two planes is MNP = PNM
#
$
%
P

M
T
# $
%
P

M
T
P
T%3 THIS
A, An!les "et#een Lines and Planes
!dentify the angle between the line & and the plane ACD
D)aw the line and the plane
/Close0 the line and the plane
togethe)
/Open0 the line 51678.
1
2
A
A

C
D
&
H
'
B

A
D
C
&
'
A
D
C

&
1, An!les "et#een T#o Planes
!dentify the angle between two shaded planes
D)aw shaded two plane /Close0 the line and the plane
togethe)
/Open0 the line 51678.
1
2
A
A

C
D
C
B
H
&
'
D
A

C
T
#
%
-
P
PAST 3EA% 4UESTIONS
No5 2663
1. Diag)a* 1 shows a p)is* with a ho)i:ontal s>,a)e base HD"L. T)ape:i,* &'L" is the
,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion of the p)is*. The )e+tang,la) s,)fa+e D&"D is @e)ti+al while the
)e+tang,la) s,)fa+e B'LH is in+line.
2.
Cal+,late the angle between the plane DLH and the base HD"L. E 3 *a);s F
7&l 26689 48
A. Diag)a* 2 shows a +,boid.

%M"""
"
'
D
B
H
D
&
L
G +*
6 +*
Diag)a* 1
A
B
D
C
&
'
H
12 +*
4 +*
H +*
D!AB#AM 2
Cal+,late the angle between the line AH and the plane ACD. E3 *a);sF
No5 26689 43
3. Diag)a* 2 shows a py)a*id CD"LM.
The base D"LM is a ho)i:ontal )e+tangle. - is the *idpoint of DM. The apeI C is 6 +*
@e)ti+ally abo@e the point -.
Cal+,late the angle between the line "C and the base D"LM. E 3 *a);s F

7&l 266:9 42
4. Diag)a* 1 shows a )ight p)is* with )e+tangle ACD as its ho)i:ontal base. #ight angled
t)iangle 'A is the ,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion of the p)is*. The )e+tang,la) s,)fa+e C&' is
in+lined.
%M"""

&
A
C
D
'
12 +*
4 +*
A +*
D!AB#AM 1
D!AB#AM 2
"
D
M
L
C
17 +*
12 +*
-
+*
Cal+,late the angle between the plane A& and the base ACD. EA *a);sF
No5 266:9 48
G. Diag)a* 1 shows a )ight p)is*. #ight angled t)iangled P-# is the ,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion
of the p)is*.
Cal+,late the angle between the plane #T$ and the plane P-T$.
7&l 266;9 48
J. Diag)a* 2 shows a )ight p)is*. The base HD"L is a ho)i:ontal )e+tangle. The )ight
angled t)iangle NHD is the ,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion of the p)is*.

%M"""
$
-
%
T
P
#
12
+*
4
+*
16
+*
D!AB#AM 1
D!AB#AM 2
D
M
H
"
L
N
G
+*
12
+*
6
+*
!dentify and +al+,late the angle between the line "N and the plane HLMN.
No5 266;9 42
J. Diag)a* 1 shows a )ight p)is*. The base P-#% is on ho)i:ontal )e+tangle. The )ight
t)iangle $P- is the ,nifo)* +)oss se+tion of the p)is*.
!dentify and +al+,late the angle between the line #$ and the base P-#%.
E 3 *a);s F
NOC 277J( -3
Diag)a* 1 shows a )ight p)is*. The base P-#% is a ho)i:ontal )e+tangle. #ight angled t)iangle
-#$ is the ,nifo)* +)oss?se+tion of the p)is*. C is the *idpoint of P%.
%M"""
P
T
C
%
#
$
1G+*
4+*
12+*
-
!dentify and +al+,late the angle between the line $C and the plane #%T$ EA*a);sF
%M"""