4-28

I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK
600
500
1<^
0.50, 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
WAVELENGTH IN MICRONS
(A)
JE
0.8
A
1
i
\
\
I \
1
\
y
\
x
1
1
/
1 \
/
/
/
/ \
/
\
l
\
/
;
/ t
\ \
\ \
\
\
l
r
\
)
\
\
If
\ /
V
\
\
\
/^-,

\
y,\.
0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
WAVELENGTH IN MICRONS
IB)
1 micron
=
10,000 angstroms =
1/10,000 centimeter
FIG. 4-16/1. (a) Lumens of 0.65 micron red component in mixture with 0.538
micron (yellowish green), and 0.425 micron (bluish purple), which matches color of
one watt of energy at each spectrum wavelength;
(6)
lumens of 0.538 micron (yellow-
ish green); (c) lumens of 0.425 micron (bluish purple). B. Standard I.C.I, color
mixture data obtained by linear combination of a, b, and c. Y is identical to the
standard relative luminosity curve.
Empirical colorimeters employing the sub-tractive principle have been
built for specific purposes : the Lovibond tintometer for use with Lovibond
glasses, another designed by Judd for very precise measurement of small
chromaticity differences,
37
and the Eastman color densitometer. There
are others of the additive type, such as the disk colorimeter originally
designed for use in the grading of agricultural products.
27
Three-color colorimeters, which use spectrum components, have been
described by Wright in reports of many research problems.
37
Other three-
color colorimeters using filters, such as those designed by Guild and Donald-
son, are used in England. Instruments have been described and built for
the direct determination of dominant wavelength, but little or no commer-
cial application has been made of this type.
Color comparators. Two classes of instruments commonly called colorime-
ters should be distinguished. The first is that just described. The other
is employed principally in chemical analysis for determining concentrations
of solutions, or for the empirical grading of samples according to color.
These might better be called color comparators as they are not true meas-
uring instruments.
REFERENCES
In addition to the numbered references listed below, a most comprehensive discussion of the technical
aspects of color supplemented by a liberal tabulation of literature citations is the report of the Colorimetry
Committee of the Optical Society of America. Chapters of this report have been published in the' Journal
of the Optical Society of America as follows:
Jones, L. A., "The Historical Background and Evolution of the Colorimetry Report," October, 1943.
Chapter II. "The Concept of Color," October, 1943.
Chapter V. "Physical Concepts: Radiant Energy and Its Measurement," Aprii, 1944.
Chapter VI. "The Psychophysics of Color," May, 1944.
Chapter VII. "Quantitative Data and Methods for Colorimetry," November, 1944.
Chapter VIII. "Colorimeters and Color Standards," January, 1945.