Dörr Recent Progresses Gas Appliances 2013

1 www.dvgw-ebi.
de DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts fr Technologie Prflaboratorium Gas

DVGW Research Centre at the Engler-Bunte-Institute
29.11.2013
Dr. Holger Drr
Recent progress in gas appliances

DVGW - EDGaR
Gas Fuels Europe Conference
2 www.dvgw-ebi.de DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts fr Technologie Prflaboratorium Gas
Outline
Current state of gas appliance installations
Challenges by ErP directive
Technological progress
CHP and Fuel Cell appliances
Gas driven heat pumps
Combined condensing boiler and e-HP
Impacts of gas qualities on appliances
Conclusions

Current state of gas appliance installations
In Germany almost 20 Millions buildings are connected to NG grid
Around 18 Million gas appliances are in use (ZIV*)
35 % of gas (100 % = 950 PJ in 2012) is used by industrial users
NG contribution to power generation is despite new CHP installations decreasing (large
combined heat and power plants, ~14 % in 2011, less than 12 % in 2012)
NG was chosen in 48.1 % of new buildings as energy source for heating in 2012 (slightly
decreasing)
Condensing boilers have a market share of 79 % of total gas heating appliances (2012)
* Central association of chimney sweepers
Challenges by ErP directive (2010/30/EU
document no. 811/ 2013)
Air-Water-HP
Brine-Water-HP
Water-Water-HP
CHP GHP
condensing
boiler
non-
condensing
boiler
Electricity NG / Oil
Electrical driven
appliances will profit
from decreasing
primary energy factor
for electricity
f
PE, El
= 2.4 1.8
f
PE, NG
=1.1

Challenges by ErP directive (2010/30/EU
document no. 811/ 2013)
Gas appliances need a renewable termed part - Gas-Plus-Technologies
Solar thermal input + condensing boiler
CHP (incl. fuel cells) heat + power
GHP (gas-driven heat pump) gas + environmental heat
not taken into account by ErP: biogas supply, ...
Primary energy factor concepts do base on average numbers of energy supply (fossile
and renewable parts)
ErP labels highly efficient appliances (close 100 % H
s
) like condensing boilers as
outdated
CHP (2012 - 13):
ICE only few innovations of systems 5 kW
el
, some new developments of systems
with 5 - 10 kW
el
and 20 kW
el
due to better power/cost-ratio
A newcomer has cancelled dissemination of CHP (e.g. Wtas)?
Stirling: Minor additions of Microgen-based systems (configuration w/o puffer
storage Viessmann Vitotwin 350-P announced)

OTAG Lion powerblock Linator continued by lion Energy
Whispergen (2012) is discontinued
Sales are often lower then expected, reasons:
costs,
complexity (bivalent heat and power generation) - training of installers
lack of long-term experience and conservative installers
Need to simplify and optimize operation (bivalency + heat storage management, ...)
Maturation of systems is in progress
GasPlus-Lab:
-CHP test plattform,
and showroom
promising experiences
H
2
-injection tests

ISH 2013: several new systems presented
Baxi Innotech Gamma Premio: successor of Gamma 1.0
Bosch Thermotechnik: Buderus Logapower FC 10, Junkers Cerapower FC
CFCL BlueGen
Elcore: Elcore 2400
Vaillant Fuel Cell: No presentation
Viessmann: Oct. 2012 cooperation with Hexis to develop the Galileo 1000 N SOFC
Oct. 2012 cooperation with Panasonic Vitovalor 300-P PEM-FC

Baxi Innotech Gamma Premio
successor of Baxi Innotech Gamma 1.0
PEM-FC: 1,87 kW
th
/ 1,0 kW
el
,
el
, = 34 % (H
i
)

Additional condensing boiler 20 kW
buffer storage: 300 l DHW

Field test within ene.field 2013

source: Baxi Innotech
CFCL BlueGen
introduced in January 2012
anode-stabilizd SOFC:
0,6 kW
th
/ 1,5 kW
el
,
el
, = 60 % (H
i
)
focus power generation

benefits from public funding
(13.000 NRW + local programs)
price base system 19 k

source: CFCL
Elcore 2400
High temperature-PEM-FC: 0,6 kW
th
/ 0,3 kW
el
,
el
, ~ 30 % (H
i
)
available since 2012 (announced for ~10 k)
Field test is still taking place in 2013

source: Elcore
Viessmann Hexis Galileo 1000 N
SOFC: 1,8 kW
th
/ 1 kW
el
,
el
, = 30 - 35 % (H
i
)

Viessmann Panasonic Vitovalor 300-P
Low temperature-PEM-FC: 1,0 kW
th
/ 0,75 kW
el
,
el
, = 37 % (H
i
)

Japanese ene.farm-base: 29.5 k$
source (both): Viessmann
Gas-driven heat pumps
Robur GAHP Pro and E
3
(OEM: Buderus, Oertli, Remeha, ...)
Vaillant ZeoTherm
Viessmann Vitosorp 200-F
Introduction end of 2013 (available since 9/2013 as
listed in portfolio)
gas adsorption heat pump: 10 kW
total
/ 2,4 kW
gahp
,
annual coefficient of perfomance for heating
H
, = 137 % (H
i
, T
R
/T
F
28 C/ 35 C)

Integrated condensing burner,
booster DHW 15 kW
2 GAHP for SFH compared to several dozens of EHPs
source: Viessmann
Condensing gas boiler + electrically-driven heat pump
Junkers CerapurAero
ZSBH 16-4 / ZSBH 26-4
introduction in 2012/2013
electrical heat pump 2 kW
th
, COP 3.4 (+7/35 C, EN 14511)
condensing boiler
max. thermal power 14 resp. 24 kW
bivalent operation depending on air temperature
combination of best electrically driven and gas-driven
technologies in one compact unit
Boiler replacement at affordable costs < 6 k
source: Junkers
Harmonization of Natural Gas Quality
Dis-harmony in European Natural Gas Market(s)Discussion of Standards and
Definitions, Z. Energiewirtschaft, (2013), by: P. Drasdo, M. Karasz, A. Pustisek
Recommended gas qualities are introduced in product standards
(e.g. EN 15502-2-1 Appendix DD)
Test gases are specified within EN 437
Liberalization of gas qualities has certain effects on appliance operation,
efficiencies and emissions
ErP requires decreasing NO
x
-emissions
Especially with high caloric gas qualities (LNG) NO
x
-formation will increase
There is a strong need for adaptive gas-air-ratio-control for gas appliances!
Several adaptive gas-air-ratio-controls for gas appliances available
Ionization based methods (SCOT and variants)
CO ZrO-based flue probes
O
2
-ZrO-based flue probes (larger systems)
CO/O
2
-ZrO-based flue probes (larger systems)
temperature probe on burner surface (e.g. LambdaConstant)

Chance for premium appliance manufacturers to optimize appliance operation
and to manage the arising gas quality issue in an efficient way!
Conclusions
There is still a strong market for gas appliances - but decreasing.
ErP and Primary Energy rating challenge gas appliance market
New Gas-Plus-Technologies are available.
-CHP: bivalent operation requires rethinking of installers and operators.
Availability of fuel cell and gas-driven heat pump appliances increases slowly.
Combination of e-HP and condensing boiler is promising and affordable.

There is still a need for more innovative products for natural gas -
in the domestic and commercial sector but
especially in the transport sector!

Thank you for your attention!

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1 www.dvgw-ebi.

de DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts fr Technologie Prflaboratorium Gas

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