AIT Tecnology Event - 11 July 2013 - Erik L.J.

Bohez 1
Life Cycle Assessment
of Products and Services to
Assess Sustainability

By ir. Erik L.J . Bohez,
Associate Professor,
Industrial & Manufacturing
Engineering
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What is LCA?
What is Life Cycle of
Product or Service?
What is Sustainability?

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LCA is the report on total effect of
Emissions to the soil, water and air
during the life cycle of the product+
Interpretation+Recommendations

Life Cycle = Extraction+production
+use+disposal (EoL)

How to make the report -> ISO 14043
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How to Do an LCA?
Collect Data
(Inhouse/Outside)
Surveys
Define Scenarios
Structure Data and Define
Funtional Unit

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Use LCA software such as
SimaPro
SimaPro has Methods to
Compute eco-indicators
SimaPro has LCI Databases
e.g. EcoInvent
Easy Report/Result Generator
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Data collection
Energy + raw materials
Air Emissions
CO
CO
2
N
2
O
NO
x
SO
x
VOC
etc..
Unit Process
Waterborne Emissions
BOD
COD
Metals
Suspended particles
etc..
Solid Emissions
Heavy metals
Sludge
Ash
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Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Inventory Classification Characterization Normalization Weighting
Air emissions
Water emissions
Energy
Solid waste
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
x A
x B
x Y
x A
x B
x Y
x A
x B
x Y
x A
x B
x Y
Greenhouse
Ozone depletion
Acidification
Eutrophication
x NF
x NF
x NF
x NF
Score
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2.Normalization/Weighting more subjective
ISO require 1. Classification/Characterization
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Endpoint Method in Detail (EI99)
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Example of ReCiPe
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INTERPRETATION
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Spoon Comparative LCA with Simapro
PROCESS
Package
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Functional Unit:
Using a Spoon for 10 Year
Reference Flows:
8 Al Spoons
3 Stainless Steel Spoons
15 Ceramic Spoons
15 Melamine Spoons
10 Wooden Spoons

1 Spoon dishwashed every 2.5 days
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Surveys
Average Life of each spoon type
-> needed for FU and Reference Flow
Average number of spoons per person in family
Average numbers of dishwashes in family
-> 3times a day
Average dishwashes per spoon every -> 2.5 days
What is the equivalence between washing a
1 liter bottle and washing a spoon
->1bottle wash is equivalent to 5 spoon washes
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Proxy Process for Cleaning/Dishwashing Spoon
Processes -> Glass -> washing Bottles
If You have a better standard database
You can look under Chemicals
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Now we can compare Al/Ceramic spoon until end of 1 life span
Al spoon 10/8 years ; Ceramic spoon 10/15 years
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We Can also compare 8 Al Spoons with 15
Ceramic spoons (10 year spoon use)
See FU
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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
With Expanded First level (Click on + sign) to show packaging
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Process tree for 1 Ceramic spoon until the end of the USE phase not all processes
are shown only most impacting to show click on + signs
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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon and Ceramic spoon
The End Of Life we will consider is Landfilling and Recycling
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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon With the transportation to the landfill
And the Landfill Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Landfill EOL
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Complete life cycle for the AL spoon with the transportation and the recycled
Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Recycle EO
Note the Green Color bar!!!
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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
How to Conclude?!@$%&*
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Thank You For Your
Attention!!
Any Questions??

bohez@ait.ac.th