Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [1]

manishkumarphysics.in
Objective - I
1. Consider the following two equations : l i -iii l(i il
(A)
R

=
M
1

i
i i
r m

and nii (B)
CM
a

=
M
F

.
In a non-inertial frame
(A) both are correct (B) both are wrong
(C*) A is correct but B is wrong (D) B is correct but A is wrong
li -(ili ni - -
(A) ii ri -r| (B) ii ri -r
(C*) A - r ln B - r| (D) B - r, ln A - r|
Sol. C
Ina noninertial frame, positingthe particleis not change.
2. Consider the following two statements :
(a) linear momentum of the system remains constant
(b) centre of mass of the system remains at rest.
(A) a implies b and b implies a
(B) a does not imply b and b does not imply a
(C) a implies b but b does not imply a
(D*) b implies a but a does not imply b
li ii l(i il)
(A) li l(i i li (^ ln rni r|
(B) lii (^ -i l(i-i(-ii - rni r|
(a) A,B i n ni r nii B,Ai n ni r|
(b) A,B i n ri ni r nii B,Ai n ni ri ni r|
(c) A,B i n ni r ln B,Ai n ri ni r|
(d) B,Ai n ni r ln A,B i n ri ni r|
Sol. D
Centre of mass of the system
i i
r m
M
1
R

E =
dt
R d

= 0 =
M
1
E
i i
v m

It means linear momentumof the systemremainconstant.
3. Consider the following two statements :
(a) Linear momentum of the system of particles is zero
(b) Kinetic energy of a system of particles is zero
(A) a implies b and b implies a
(B) a does not imply b and b does not imply a
(C) a implies b but b does not imply a
(D*) b implies a but a does not imply a
li ii l(i il)
(a) ini i li(^ ir| (b) ini i ^ln+i ir|
(A) a,b i n ni r nii b,a i n ni r|
(B) a,b i n ni r ln b,a i n ri ni r|
(C) a,b i n ni r ln b,a i n ri ni r|
(D) b,a i n ni r ln a,b i n ri ni r|
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [2]
manishkumarphysics.in
Sol. D
Kinetic energy of the system= 1/2 m
1
v
1
2
+1/2 m
2
v
2
2
+ ..............
= zero
mean v
1
= v
2
= v
3
= ................ = 0
Linear momentumof the system=
1 1
v m

+
2 2
v m

+ .................
In this case 0 v v
2 1
= =

It is possible that
1 1
v m

=
2 2
v m

(If two particle system)
4. Consider the following two statements :
(a) the linear momentum of a particle is independent of the frame of reference
(b) the kinetic energy of a particle is independent of the frame of reference
(A) both a and b are true (B) a is true but b is false
(C) a is false but b is true (D*) both a and b are false
li ii l(i il)
(a) li i i li(^ lini li ri ni r|
(b) i i ^ln+i lini li ri ni r|
(A) a nii b ii - r| (B) a - r ln b - r|
(C) a - r ln b - r| (D) a ( b ii ri - r|
Sol. D
Linear momentum&kinetic energyof aparticle is dependent of the frameof reference. Because velocity
is dependent on the frame of reference
Linear momentum=mv
K.E. = 1/2 mv
2
5. All the particles of a body are situated at a distance R from the origin. The distance of the centre of
mass of the body from the origin is
li (-n --n i - l+ Ri l-in r| (-n -i i -l+ i
(A) = R (B*) s R (C*) > R (D) > R
Sol. B
Distance of centre of mass fromthe origin
R' =
M
1
1 1
r m
S

Half particlelies iny-axis

y
com
=
. .......... m m m m
.......... j R m j R m
4 3 2 1
4 3
+ + + +
+ +

=
2
j R

Coordinate of comis
|
.
|

\
|
2
R
,
2
R
Distance centre mass fromthe origin=
2
R
......... (1)
R' < R
Whenconclude
Distance of centre of mass fromthe origin sR
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [3]
manishkumarphysics.in
6. A circular plate of diameter d is kept in contact with a square plate of edge d as shown in figure. The
density of the material and the thickness are same everywhere. The centre of mass of the composite
system will be
d i(ii )(-iii -, d ii (ii (^ii - - liii ii r; r| - -ii ii i i-( )(
-i-i; )-i r| n lii -i ri^i -
(A) inside the circular plate (B) inside the square plate
(C) at the point of contact (D*) outside the system
(A) (-iii - (B) (^ii - (C) l+ (D) li +ir
Sol. B
m
1
= ot (d/2)
2
t {t thichness}
m
2
= o d
2
t {mass =desilyx volume}
Centre of mass of circular plate at centre. Lett the centre of circular plate is origin.
1
r

= 0
Centre of mass of square plate at centre.
2
r

= 2d
R =
2 1
2 2 1 1
m m
r m r m
+
+

=
( ) t d t 2 / d
d 2 t d 0 m
2 2
2
1
o + ot
o +
(0,0)
m
1
m
2
d d
R =
1 4 /
d 2
+ t
= (1.12) d
R > d
Centre of mass of the systemlies in the square plate.
7. Consider a system of two identical particles. One of the particles is at rest and the other has an
acceleration a

. The centre of mass has an acceleration.

i ) -i ii li l(i il)| ) i l-i r nii i i -(i r| -i i -(i ri^i|
(A*) zero i (B)
2
1
a

(C) a

(D*) 2 a

Sol. B
m
rest
m
a
Acceleration of centre of mass =
2 1
2 2 1 1
m m
a m a m
+
+

=
m 2
a m 0 m

+
=
2
a

8. Internal forces can change inl+ l(lnn ni r

(A) the linear momentum but not the kinetic energy
(B*) the kinetic energy but not the linear momentum
(C) linear momentum as well as kinetic energy
(D) neither the linear momentum nor the kinetic energy
(A) li(^ ln ^ln +i ri (B*) ^ln+i ln li (^ ri
(C) li(^ ( ii ri ^ln+i ii (D) ni li(^ ri ^ln+i
Sol. B
Internal forces canchange the kinetic energybut not the linearmomentum.
Because the centre of mass of the systemremains at rest.
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [4]
manishkumarphysics.in
9. A bullet hits a block kept at rest on a smooth horizontal surface and gets embedded into it. Which of
the following does not change ?
(A) linear momentum of the block (B) kinetic energy of the block
(C*) gravitational potential energy of the block (D) temperature of the block
iln )( l n i r) ) ^- +i ^ii -i ;- ri ini r| l - i l(lnn ri ri^i
(A) ^- i li (^ (B) ^- i ^ln +i (C) ^- i ^-(il-iln+i (D) ^- i ni
Sol. C
Initial position final position
m
2
v
m
1
(rest)
v m +m
1 2
Linear momentumconservation
m
1
0 + m
2
v = (m
1
+ m
2
) v'
v' =
2 1
2
m m
v m
+
Initial linear momentumof the block =m
1
0 =0
Final linear momentumof the block=m
1
v'
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
v
m m
m m
2 1
2 1
Change in kinetic energyof the block = K.E
f
K.E
i
= 1/2 m
1
v'
2
0
= 1/2 m
1
2
2 1
2 1
v
m m
m m
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
In this process energytemperature of the block increases. But gravitation potential energyof the block
is remain same. Because height of the block is not change.
10. A uniform sphere is placed on a smooth horizontal surface and a horizontal force F is applied on it at a
distance h above the surface. The acceleration of the centre
(A) is maximum when h = 0 (B) is maximum when h = R
(C) is maximum when h = 2R (D*) is independent of h
) - ^ii li -n nr ii ri r nii ;i nr h +i; ) iln+F ^ii ini r| i
-(i
(A) h = 0 ri lin- ri^i| (B) h = R ri lin- ri^i|
(C) h = 2R ri lin- ri^i| (D) h li ri ^i|
Sol. D
F
h
smooth
sphere
On smoothsurface, sphere is onlyslip.
Acceleration of centre of sphere is =F/mwhich is independent of h.
11. A body falling vertically downwards under gravity breaks in two parts of unequal masses. The centre of
mass of the two parts taken together shifts horizontally towards
(A) heavier piece
(B) lighter piece
(C*) does not shift horizontally
(D) depends on the vertical velocity at the time of breaking
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [5]
manishkumarphysics.in
^ -(i+ ii( - ( lii - i i i l^ ri )(-n i -i-ii - l(inri ini r| ii -i )ii
-i iln lii - l(-iiln ri^i
(A) iii - i i (B) r - i i
(C) ilnlii - l(-iiln ri ri^i| (D) (ii (^ nii -- - li
Sol. C
Abodyfallingverticallydownwards under gravitybreaks intwoparts of unequal masses. The centre of
mass of the systemdoes not shift horizontally. As external horizontal force is zero.
12. A ball kept in a closed box moves in the box making collisions with the walls. The box is kept on a
smooth surface. The velocity of the centre of mass
(A) of the box remains constant
(B*) of the box plus the ball system remains constant
(C) of the ball remains constant
(D) of the ball relative to the box remains constant
)+ +i- l-in ^, +ii i(ii -ini r; ^ln ri r| +i) li nr ii ri r
(A) +i -i i (^ ln rni r|
(B) +i )( ^ li -i i (^ ln rni r|
(C) ^ -i i (^ ln rni r|
(D) +i ii ^ -i i (^ ln rni r|
Sol. B
The velocityof the centre of masss of the systemis ramains constant. (assume that collisionwill takenas
perfectlyelastic).
13. A body at rest breaks into two pieces of equal masses. The parts will move
(A) in same direction (B) along different lines
(C*) in opposite directions with equal speeds (D) in opposite directions with unequal speeds
l(i-i(-ii - l-in i ii^i - --ini r| - ^ln ^
(A) -i lii - (B) liliiii li
(C) l(in liii - -i i (D) l(inliii - -i i
Sol. C
Bylinear momentumconservation
p
i
= p
f
m 0 =
2
m
v
1
+
2
m
v
2
v
1
= v
2
14. Aheavy ring of mass m is clamped on the periphery of a light circular disc. Asmall particle having equal
mass is clamped at the centre of the disc. The system is rotated in such a way that the centre moves
in a circle of radius r with a uniform speed v. We conclude that an external force
(A)
r
mv
2
must be acting on the central particle (B)
r
mv 2
2
must be acting on the central particle
(C*)
r
mv 2
2
must be acting on the system (D)
r
mv 2
2
must be acting on the ring.
m -i i ) (, ) ri ni i lli iln i ^i r| -i -i i ) i-i i ni
ilnr| r li;i i -ii ini r l;i -i r lii (-iii i v i i -ni r | r-li
lin r l +ir +
(A) , i i ^ ri r| (B) , i i ^ ri r|
(C) , li ^ ri r| (D) , ( ^ ri r|
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [6]
manishkumarphysics.in
Sol. C
Centre of mass =
m 2
R m 0 m +
=
2
R
External force acting on the system=
r
mv
2
=
2 / R
mv
2
m
m
R
=
R
mv 2
2
15. The quantities remaining constant in a collision are
(A) momentum, kinetic energy and temperature
(B) momentum and kinetic energy but not temperature
(C) momentum and temperature but not kinetic energy
(D*) momentum, but neither kinetic energy nor temperature
i-- - (- -) ln r (ii ilii r
(A) (^, ^ln+i nii ni (B) (^, ^ln +i ln ni ri
(C) (^nii ni ln ^ln +i ri (D) (^ ln ni ^ln +i ri ni
Sol. D
After collision, linear momentunof thesystemis remainsame.
Kinetic energyis not remain same because it dependupon the collision is perfectlyelastic or in elastic.
16. A nucleus moving with a velocity v

emits an o-particle. Let the velocities of the o-particle and the

remaining nucleus be
1
v

and
2
v

must be parallel to be m
1
and m
2
.
(A) v

,
1
v

and
2
v

must be parallel to each other

(B) None of the two of v

,
1
v

and
2
v

should be parallel to each other

(C)
1
v

and
2
v

must be parallel to v

(D*) m
1 1
v

+ m
2 2
v

must be parallel to v

(^ ^lniiili)oi -lnni r| -iiloi nii i i ili (^ -i nii r )( ; -i m

1
nii
m
2
r
(A) nii - -iin ri^i| (B) )( - i; ii i - -iin ri ri^|
(C) -iin ri^i| (D) -iin ri^i|
Sol. D
Bylinear momentumconservation
pi = pf
=
2 2 1 1
v m v m

+
2 2 1 1
v m v m

+ must be parallel to
v

.
17. A shell is fired from a canon with a velocity V at an angle u with the horizontal direction. At the highest
point in its path, it explodes into two pieces of equal masses. One of the pieces retraces it path to the
cannon. The speed of the other piece immediately after the explosion is
)ni i ln u i i v i ^ii i^i ini r| ; i n-l+ r l(-i - n n in -
i iri^i
(A*) 3V cosu (B) 2V cosu (C)
2
3
V cosu (D) V cosu
Sol. A
Linear momentumis conservedinhorizontal direction
p
i
= p
f
mv cos u =
2
m
v cos u +
2
m
v'
m/2 m/2
x
com vcosu
m
vsinu
v
u
vcosu v
v' = 3 v cos u
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [7]
manishkumarphysics.in
18. In an elastic collision
(A*) the initial kinetic energy is equal to the final kinetic energy
(B) the final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic energy
(C) the kinetic energy remains constant
(D) the kinetic energy first increases then decreases.
li -i-i - -
(A*) ili^ln +i, ln- ^ln+i +i+ rini r|
(B) ln- ^ln +i ili ^ln+i - rini r|
(C) ^ln+i ln rni r|
(D) ^ln+i r +ni r in - rini r|
Sol. A
In anelastic collision, no energyis loss into heat. So the final K.E. is euqal than the initial K.E.
19. In an inelastic collision
(A) the initial kinetic energy is equal to the final kinetic energy
(B*) the final kinetic energy is less than the initial kinetic energy
(C) the kinetic energy remains the constant
(D) the kinetic energy first increases then decreases
li -i-i - - -
(A) ili^ln +i, ln- ^ln+i +i+ rini r|
(B*) ln- ^ln +i, ili ^ln+i - rini r|
(C) ^ln+i ln rni r|
(D) ^ln +i r +ni r, nnin - rini r|
Sol. B
In anelastic collision, same energyis loss into heat. So the final K.E. is loss than the initial K.E.
Objective - II
1. The centre of mass of a system of particles is at the origin. It follows that
(A) the number of particles to the right of the origin is equal to the number of particles to the left
(B) the total mass of the particles to the right of the origin is same as the total mass to the left of the
origin
(C) the number of particles on X-axis should be equal to the number of particles on Y-axis.
(D) if there is a particle on the positive X-axis, there must be at least one particle on the negative X-
axis.
li ini i -i - l+ r| ;i liir
(A) -l+ ii i ii i i, ii i ii i i +i+ ri^i|
(B) - l+ ii i (i ii i -i -l+ ii i (i ii -i +i+ ri^i|
(C) xi ii i i, Yi ii i i +i+ ri^i|
(D) l xi i; i ri^i ni - - ) i ~ii--xi (ri^i|
Sol. D (none)
Product of the m
i
r
i
of left side particle equal to the product of the of the m
j
r
j
of right side particle.
R =
M
1
m
k
r
k
O =
M
1
m
k
r
k
=
M
1
( miri + mjrj)
m
i
r
i
=m
j
r
j
2. A body has its centre of mass at the origin. The x-coordinates of the particles
(A) may be all positive
(B) may be all negative
(C*) may be all non-negative
(D*) may be positive for some cases and negative in other cases
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [8]
manishkumarphysics.in
) (-n i -i -l+ r| ii xlii
(A) i ii--ri n r| (B) i ~ii--ri n r|
(C*) i ~ii--ri n r| (D*) l ii--( l ~ii--ri n r|
Sol. CD
r
COM
(0, 0) (Given)
X
COM
= 0 =
......... m m m
....... x m x m x m
3 2 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
+ + +
+ +
m
1
x
1
+ m
2
x
2
+ m
3
x
3
+ ............. = 0
Maybe all mom-negative mean its cansider ve and zero. All ve is not possible but all positionis zero
is posible.
3. In which of the following cases the centre of mass of a rod is certainly not at its centre ?
(A*) the density continuously increases from left to right
(B*) the density continuously decreases from left to right
(C) the density decreases from left to right upto the centre and then increases
(D) the density increases from left to right upto the centre and then decreases
l - l l-ilni l i -i lln ; ri ri^i
(A*) i-( +ii ii i ln +ni r|
(B*) i-( +ii ii i ln - rini r|
(C) i-( +ii ii i ln - rini r n-in - rini r|
(D) i-( +ii ii i n +ni r n-in - rini r|
Sol. AB
Centre of mass of a rod is not at its centre means mass of the rod varies according to length. Or we can
saythat densityis continuouslychange accordingto length fromleft to right or right to left.
4. If the external forces acting on a system have zero resultant, the centre of mass
(A) must not move (B*) must not accelerate
(C*) may move (D) may accelerate
l li li ^ r +ir+i i lii-i iri, -i
(A) ^ln ri ^i| (B*) -(lnri ri^i| (C*) ^ln ni r| (D) -(lnri ni r|
Sol. BC
Centre of mass of accelerationis zero. But it maybe more uniformalywithcostant velocity.
Acceleration of centre of mass =
M
F
net

=0
5. A nonzero external force acts on a system of particles. The velocity and the acceleration of the centre
of mass are found to be v
0
and a
0
at an instant t. It is possible that
) i+ li ini ^ ri r| li ii t -i i (^ v
0
nii -(i a
0
r| r i( r l
(A) v
0
= 0, a
0
= 0 (B*) v
0
= 0, a
0
= 0 (C) v
0
= 0, a
0
= 0 (D*) v
0
= 0, a
0
= 0
Sol. BD
Anonzero external force acts on a system, that causes acceleration of centre of mass at an instant 't' is
'a
0
' But velocityof centre of mass is v
0
or zero.
6. Two balls are thrown simultaneously in air. The acceleration of the centre of mass of the two balls while
in air
(A) depends on the direction of the motion of the balls
(B) depends on the masses of the two balls
(C) depends on the speeds of the two balls
(D*) is equal to g
i ^ ) ii (i - i ^i r| ii ^i i -i i -(i + ( (i - r
(A) ^i i ^ln i lii li ni r| (B) ii ^i -ii li ni r|
(C) ii ^i i ii li ni r| (D*) g +i+ r|
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [9]
manishkumarphysics.in
Sol. D
Acceleration of centre of mass =
2 1
2 2 1 1
m m
a m a m
+
+

=
2 1
2 1
m m
g m g m
+
+
= g
7. A block moving in air breaks in two parts and the parts separate
(A*) the total momentum must be conserved (B) the total kinetic energy must be conserved
(C) the total momentum must change (D*) the total kinetic energy must change
r(i - ^lnii )^-i i ii^i - -- ini r nii - ^^ ri in r
(A) (^ lin r^i| (B) ^ln+i lin r^i|
(C) (^ l(lnn ri i^i| (D) ^ln+i l(lnn ri i^i|
Sol. AD
Ablockmoving in air &breaks in two parts then the total momentummust be conserved. But the total
kinetic energymust change.
8. In an elastic collision
(A) the kinetic energy remains constant
(B*) the linear momentum remains constant
(C*) the final kinetic energy is equal to the initial kinetic energy
(D*) the final linear momentum is equal to the initial linear momentum
li -i-i - - -
(A) ^ln +i ln rni r|
(B*) li (^ ln rni r|
(C*) ln- ^ln+i, ili ^ln+i +i+ rini r|
(D*) ln-li (^, ilili(^ +i+ rini r|
Sol. BCD
Inaelasticcollision
Thelinear momentumremainconstant
Thefinal linear momentumis equal totheinitial linear momentum
The final kineticenergyis equal totheinitial kinetic energy.
9. A ball hits a floor and rebounds after an inelastic collision. In this case
(A) the momentum of the ball just after the collision is same as that just before the collision
(B) the mechanical energy of the ball remains the same during the collision
(C*) the total momentum of the ball and the earth is conserved
(D*) the total energy of the ball and the earth remains the same
)^ i - -ini r nii -i-i - in i- ini r| ; l-iln -
(A) - nn in ^ i (^, ; - i (^ +i+ rini r|
(B) - ii ^ i ili +i -i rni r|
(C) ^ nii (i i (^ lin rni r|
(D) ^ nii (i i +i -i rni r|
Sol. CD
The total momentumof the system(earth +ball) is conserved.
The total energyof the ball is change but the total energyof the ball and the earth remains the same.
10. A body moving towards a finite body at rest collides with it. It is possible that
(A) both the bodies come to rest
(B*) both the bodies move after collision
(C*) the moving body comes to rest and the stationary body starts moving
(D) the stationary body remains stationary, the moving body changes its velocity.
Chapter # 9 Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum, Collision [10]
manishkumarphysics.in
l(i-i(-ii - l-iln)ll-n (-n i i ^ln ni r; ) (-n ; -ini r| r i( r l
(A) ii (-n) l(i-i(-ii - i i|
(B) - in ii (-n) ^lnii ri i|
(C) ^lnii(-n l-i ri i nii l-i (-n ^lnii |
(D) l-i (-n l-i r, ^lnii(-n i (^l(lnn ri i|
Sol. BC
Beforecollision after collision
m
1
u
m
2
(rest)
m
1
v
1
m
2
v
2
Bylinear momentumconservation
p
i
= p
f
m
1
u = m
1
v
1
+ m
2
v
2
v
1
= v
2
= 0
maybe posible v
1
= 0 & v
2
=
2
1
m
u m
11. In head on elastic collision of two bodies of equal masses
(A*) the velocities are interchanged
(B*) the speeds are interchanged
(C*) the momenta are interchanged
(D*) the faster body slows down and the slower body speeds up.
-i -i (ii i (-ni i -i -i-i - -
(A) (^ - l(lnn ri in r| (B) i - l(lnn ri in r|
(C) (^ - l(lnn ri in r| (D) l-i (-n l-i r, ^lnii(-n i (^ l(lnn ri i|
Sol. ABCD
Beforecollision
m
u
1
m
u
2
{Let u
1
> u
2
}
After elasticcollision
m
u
2
m
u
1 (By linear momentum
conservation)
velocities areinter changed
speeds are inter changed
momenta are inter changed
faster bodyslows down and the slower body speed up.