SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION

OF SAFETY FACTORS OF STRENGTH

OF INSULATION BETWEEN THE WINDINGS
AT THE EDGE OF THE WINDINGS



ENDINS


Version 01


USERS MANUAL

ENDINS_UM.00















2005






Copyright 2002 OSC VIT
Alteration, duplication and distribution are prohibited.
All rights reserved.














The data comprised in the document can be altered by the authors without
preliminary notice.










OPEN STOCK COMPANY
UKRAINIAN RESEARCH, DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMER INSTITUTE
OSC VIT

11 Dnepropetrovskoye shosse
69069, Zaporozhye, Ukraine

Telephone: (0612) 52-64-91, 52-75-80
Fax: (0612) 52-74-21, 52-81-26
E-mail: postmaster@vit.zp.ua
WWW: http://www.vit.zp.ua/















DXF is trademark of Autodesk, Inc.
Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation

All the other names mentioned in the manual, are trademarks or registered trademarks of appropriate
manufacturers.



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CONTENTS



1 Field of the software application 4
2 Character and scope of calculations... 4
2.1 Characteristics of the transformer being calculated...4
2.2 Values to be calculated . . 4
2.3 Preparation of input data 5
2.4 Calculation results..5
2.5 List of diagnostic messages .. .5
3 Description of the software interface. ..6
4 Requirements to computer and operating system . ..6






































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1 FIELD OF THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION

ENDINS software is used for execution of a calculation part for designing general-
purpose transformers for voltage classes of 110 1150 kV, operating at a frequency of
50(60) Hz.
Application of the software in calculation of insulation of 750-1150kV transformers
requires additional knowledge of know-how in design of insulation, characteristic fea-
tures of technology of manufacture, treatment and checking of insulation quality.
The software is intended for calculation of safety factors of strength along the speci-
fied field lines in oil ducts of oil-barrier insulation and estimation of the highest maximum
electric field intensity in the point (in oil) and the highest tangential component of electric
field along interfaces of dielectrics in the specified zone.
Safety factors of strength of oil ducts shall be calculated under the action of the
specified test voltages (lightning and switching impulses, one-minute and one-hour power
frequency voltages). Estimation of the maximum intensity being the highest in the point
(in oil) and tangential component along the interfaces of dielectrics in the specified zone
is carried out under the action of one-minute voltage and full-wave lightning impulse, re-
spectively.

2 CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF CALCULATIONS

2.1 Characteristics of the transformer being calculated
2.1.1 Design models can be made for axially symmetric and plane fields with a sys-
tem of electrodes being asymmetric or symmetric relative to the plane of symmetry or
symmetry of the bodies arranged near to the earthed plane.
2.1.2 Calculations of safety factors of strength shall be made for insulation of trans-
formers and autotransformers, having the following design features:
- Concentric round windings (interleaved, continuous, continuous with contra
shields, helical, cylindrical multi-layer).
- Oil-barrier insulation with an employment of concentric cylinders, washers and an-
gle washers.
- Insulated shielding rings at the edges and inside the windings.
- Rectangular (ordinary, subdivided, transposed) or round insulated wires.
2.1.3 For calculation of safety factors and estimation of the maximum and tangential
component the software obtains average intensities along the field lines in oil ducts,
lengths of field lines and other parameters of electric field from ELAX-2D program.
2.2 Values to be calculated
2.2.1 The software calculates safety factors of strength for all specified field lines at
full-wave lightning and switching impulses, one-minute and one-hour power frequency
voltages. For insulation between the edges of the windings safety factors are calculated:
in oil ducts at the surfaces of the windings (along insulation of shielding ring, along sur-
faces of insulation of the outer coils), in oil ducts between angle washers, between angle
washers and cylinders or washers, depending on electric field configuration.
2.2.2 There is also estimated an acceptability in the specified insulation design of the
calculated highest maximum intensity in a point (in oil) and the highest tangential compo-
nent of intensity along interfaces of dielectrics in a specified zone.
2.2.3 Execution of a series of calculations allows to obtain not only calculated safety
factors of strength of the insulation between the windings at the edge of the windings, but
also to improve insulation design as applied to materials and technology used by the
CUSTOMER in manufacture and treatment of insulation.



ENDINS_UM.05

2.3 Preparation of input data.
2.3.1 It is recommended to start calculation of the insulation between the ends of the
windings if a sketch is available, comprising the insulated shealding ring (if any), the first
3-4 insulated coils of the windings, the most important insulating cylinders, angle washers
and other insulating barriers.
For correct forming of electric field in a design zone it is necessary to simulate the
remaining part(s) of the winding(s).
There should be calculated safety factors of oil ducts near shielding rings, at the
outer coils and between the most important parts of insulation.
2.3.2 Instructions on calculation of electric field are given in the Users manual of
ELAX-2D program. Usually calculation of insulation at the edge of the winding is made in
the mode of axially symmetric electrostatic field.
Calculation of the field is made for the models comprising: conductors in a form of
solid bodies and thin shells with the specified potentials, dielectrics in a form of solid bod-
ies and external dielectric in which all the remaining bodies and shells are arranged.
Simultaneous calculation for several distributions of potentials and (or) charges of the
bodies is possible.
2.4 Calculation results
2.4.1 Calculation results of insulation electric strength are produced in a tabular form
with the indication of coordinates of origin of calculated field line, length of field line, op-
erating intensity and calculated safety factors under the action of test voltages: long-
duration elevated (one-hour) power frequency voltage, one-minute power frequency volt-
age, switching impulse voltage and full-wave lightning impulse voltage. Minimum safety
factors of the insulation design being calculated are also produced.
2.4.2There is produced information on estimation of permissibility of the highest
maximum intensity in the point in oil and the highest tangential intensity along interfaces
of dielectrics in a specified zone.
2.4.3 Arrangement of field lines with minimum calculated safety factors in oil ducts
and of points of the maximum intensity in oil and the highest tangential intensity are pro-
duced graphically by ELAX2D program.
2.4.4 If minimum calculated safety factors of strength of correctly formed model are
equal to or exceed 1.15, and the maximum intensity in any point of the design zone does
not exceed 10kVeff/mm (at one-minute voltage), as well as the highest intensity along the
surface of insulating parts at the effect of full-wave lightning impulse does not exceed 15
kVm/mm, electric strength of the calculated part of insulation structure is considered to
be sufficient. Therewith it is expedient to analyze distribution of all calculated safety fac-
tors with the aim of determining a possibility of simplification of the structure in places
with calculated safety factors being higher than, for example, 1.5.
2.4.5 An example of calculation results is given in Table 1 and in Figure 1.
2.5 List of diagnostic messages.
List of diagnostic messages is given in users manual of ELAX2D program.












ENDINS_UM.06

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE INTERFACE

The software is executed in a form of Dynamically linked library - DLL files for
WINDOWS operating system. Interface of the software is in English.


4 REQUIREMENTS TO COMPUTER AND OPERATING SYSTEM


The software shall be executed on computers: Pentium-4 1500MHz, RAM 1024 Mb,
HDD (400Mb of the disk free space shall be used for storage of temporary files while
executing calculations under the software). Operating system is WINDOWS NT, 2000
Pro, XP Pro.








































ENDINS_UM.07








Figure 1 Fragment of electric field at the lower edge of 500/230 kV
autotransformer windings





ENDINS_UM.08


Table 1 Minimum calculated safety factors of strength in oil ducts at the lower
edge of the windings


+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------------------+------+
| | | | | | | Safety factor | |
| Nt_Nrt | R | Z | E | Ki | L +------+------+------+------+ Zone |
| | | | | | | LDPF | 1MPF | SI | FLI | |
+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Field lines with minimum safety factors |
+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|1(0)_912 | 687.5| 172.7| 1.72| 0.96| 4.79| - | 1.30| - | - | 3 |
|1(0)_913 | 689.2| 170.4| 1.73| 0.96| 4.81| - | 1.29| - | - | 3 |
|1(0)_914 | 691.2| 168.2| 1.72| 0.96| 4.90| - | 1.29| - | - | 3 |
|1(0)_915 | 693.4| 166.2| 1.69| 0.96| 5.05| - | 1.30| - | - | 3 |
+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Field line with the lowest safety factor |
+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|1(0)_914 | 691.2| 168.2| 1.72| 0.96| 4.90| - | 1.29| - | - | 3 |
+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+