DXF is trademark of Autodesk, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
All the other names mentioned in the manual, are trademarks or registered trademarks of appropriate manufacturers.
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CONTENTS
1 Field of the software application 4 2 Character and scope of calculations... 4 2.1 Characteristics of the transformer being calculated...4 2.2 Values to be calculated . . 4 2.3 Preparation of input data 5 2.4 Calculation results..5 2.5 List of diagnostic messages .. .5 3 Description of the software interface. ..6 4 Requirements to computer and operating system . ..6
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1 FIELD OF THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION
ENDINS software is used for execution of a calculation part for designing general- purpose transformers for voltage classes of 110 1150 kV, operating at a frequency of 50(60) Hz. Application of the software in calculation of insulation of 750-1150kV transformers requires additional knowledge of know-how in design of insulation, characteristic fea- tures of technology of manufacture, treatment and checking of insulation quality. The software is intended for calculation of safety factors of strength along the speci- fied field lines in oil ducts of oil-barrier insulation and estimation of the highest maximum electric field intensity in the point (in oil) and the highest tangential component of electric field along interfaces of dielectrics in the specified zone. Safety factors of strength of oil ducts shall be calculated under the action of the specified test voltages (lightning and switching impulses, one-minute and one-hour power frequency voltages). Estimation of the maximum intensity being the highest in the point (in oil) and tangential component along the interfaces of dielectrics in the specified zone is carried out under the action of one-minute voltage and full-wave lightning impulse, re- spectively.
2 CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF CALCULATIONS
2.1 Characteristics of the transformer being calculated 2.1.1 Design models can be made for axially symmetric and plane fields with a sys- tem of electrodes being asymmetric or symmetric relative to the plane of symmetry or symmetry of the bodies arranged near to the earthed plane. 2.1.2 Calculations of safety factors of strength shall be made for insulation of trans- formers and autotransformers, having the following design features: - Concentric round windings (interleaved, continuous, continuous with contra shields, helical, cylindrical multi-layer). - Oil-barrier insulation with an employment of concentric cylinders, washers and an- gle washers. - Insulated shielding rings at the edges and inside the windings. - Rectangular (ordinary, subdivided, transposed) or round insulated wires. 2.1.3 For calculation of safety factors and estimation of the maximum and tangential component the software obtains average intensities along the field lines in oil ducts, lengths of field lines and other parameters of electric field from ELAX-2D program. 2.2 Values to be calculated 2.2.1 The software calculates safety factors of strength for all specified field lines at full-wave lightning and switching impulses, one-minute and one-hour power frequency voltages. For insulation between the edges of the windings safety factors are calculated: in oil ducts at the surfaces of the windings (along insulation of shielding ring, along sur- faces of insulation of the outer coils), in oil ducts between angle washers, between angle washers and cylinders or washers, depending on electric field configuration. 2.2.2 There is also estimated an acceptability in the specified insulation design of the calculated highest maximum intensity in a point (in oil) and the highest tangential compo- nent of intensity along interfaces of dielectrics in a specified zone. 2.2.3 Execution of a series of calculations allows to obtain not only calculated safety factors of strength of the insulation between the windings at the edge of the windings, but also to improve insulation design as applied to materials and technology used by the CUSTOMER in manufacture and treatment of insulation.
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2.3 Preparation of input data. 2.3.1 It is recommended to start calculation of the insulation between the ends of the windings if a sketch is available, comprising the insulated shealding ring (if any), the first 3-4 insulated coils of the windings, the most important insulating cylinders, angle washers and other insulating barriers. For correct forming of electric field in a design zone it is necessary to simulate the remaining part(s) of the winding(s). There should be calculated safety factors of oil ducts near shielding rings, at the outer coils and between the most important parts of insulation. 2.3.2 Instructions on calculation of electric field are given in the Users manual of ELAX-2D program. Usually calculation of insulation at the edge of the winding is made in the mode of axially symmetric electrostatic field. Calculation of the field is made for the models comprising: conductors in a form of solid bodies and thin shells with the specified potentials, dielectrics in a form of solid bod- ies and external dielectric in which all the remaining bodies and shells are arranged. Simultaneous calculation for several distributions of potentials and (or) charges of the bodies is possible. 2.4 Calculation results 2.4.1 Calculation results of insulation electric strength are produced in a tabular form with the indication of coordinates of origin of calculated field line, length of field line, op- erating intensity and calculated safety factors under the action of test voltages: long- duration elevated (one-hour) power frequency voltage, one-minute power frequency volt- age, switching impulse voltage and full-wave lightning impulse voltage. Minimum safety factors of the insulation design being calculated are also produced. 2.4.2There is produced information on estimation of permissibility of the highest maximum intensity in the point in oil and the highest tangential intensity along interfaces of dielectrics in a specified zone. 2.4.3 Arrangement of field lines with minimum calculated safety factors in oil ducts and of points of the maximum intensity in oil and the highest tangential intensity are pro- duced graphically by ELAX2D program. 2.4.4 If minimum calculated safety factors of strength of correctly formed model are equal to or exceed 1.15, and the maximum intensity in any point of the design zone does not exceed 10kVeff/mm (at one-minute voltage), as well as the highest intensity along the surface of insulating parts at the effect of full-wave lightning impulse does not exceed 15 kVm/mm, electric strength of the calculated part of insulation structure is considered to be sufficient. Therewith it is expedient to analyze distribution of all calculated safety fac- tors with the aim of determining a possibility of simplification of the structure in places with calculated safety factors being higher than, for example, 1.5. 2.4.5 An example of calculation results is given in Table 1 and in Figure 1. 2.5 List of diagnostic messages. List of diagnostic messages is given in users manual of ELAX2D program.
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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE INTERFACE
The software is executed in a form of Dynamically linked library - DLL files for WINDOWS operating system. Interface of the software is in English.
4 REQUIREMENTS TO COMPUTER AND OPERATING SYSTEM
The software shall be executed on computers: Pentium-4 1500MHz, RAM 1024 Mb, HDD (400Mb of the disk free space shall be used for storage of temporary files while executing calculations under the software). Operating system is WINDOWS NT, 2000 Pro, XP Pro.
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Figure 1 Fragment of electric field at the lower edge of 500/230 kV autotransformer windings
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Table 1 Minimum calculated safety factors of strength in oil ducts at the lower edge of the windings