Review problems

1. The scores on an admission test the Engineering Program of a certain university are
normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.
a) What is the probability that a randomly selected student will obtain a score of more
than 605?
b) What is the score that separates the top 33% from the lower 67%?
c) What is the probability that the average score of a random sample of 9 students
will be more than 605?
d) Why is a sample size of 9 sucient for the solution in part c to be valid?
2. In a survey to estimate the proportion of Canadians favoring the introduction of a
new federal law, a random sample of 400 Canadians resulted in 216 in favor of the
introduction of the new law.
a) Find a 90% CI for the true proportion of Canadians favoring the introduction of the
law.
b) What is the interpretation of the condence interval in (a)?
c) Would a 99% condence interval be wider or narrower than the 90% condence
interval of (a)?
d) How large a sample would have to be taken to estimate the proportion favoring the
new law to within 0.05 with 94%?
3. A courier service advertises that its average delivery time is less than 6 hours for local
deliveries. A random sample of times for 50 deliveries across town gave a mean of 5.87
and a standard deviation of 1.02.
a) Test whether the sample results support the couriers advertisement. Use = 0.05.
b) What assumption did you make in answering part (a)?
4. In the television commercial, the manufacturer of toothpaste claims that more than
4 out of 5 dentists recommend the ingredients in his product. To test this claim, a
consumer-protection group randomly sampled 400 dentists and asked each one whether
they would recommend toothpaste that contained the ingredients. 329 of the dentists
answered yes and 71 answered no. At the 0.05 level of signicance, is there enough
evidence to support the manufacturers claim?
5. The manager of a large bank wishes to estimate the average savings account balance.
The banks accountant takes a random sample os 121 of the accounts and nds a mean
account balance of $473.25 with a variance of $11449.0.
a) Find a 95% condence estimate for the true mean savings account balance.
b) When this information was presented to the bank manager, he said it was not good
enough. He wants the estimate of the mean savings account balance to be within
$15.00 of the population mean with 99% condence. What sample size is necessary?
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6. A company that buys batteries in very large batches from a supplier decides to intro-
duce a quality control scheme. If the proportion of defective batteries in one of these
large batches is 20%
a) what is the probability of accepting the batch if the quality control scheme is to
accept a batch only if a random sample of size 10 contains at most 1 defective.
b) Approximate the probability of accepting the batch if the scheme is to accept a
batch only if a random sample of size 150 has at most 12 defectives.
7. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:
X 0 1 2 3
p(X) 0.345 0.441 0.189 0.025
a) Find the mean and standard deviation of X.
b) Find the probability that X is equal to 0 if it is known that X is less than 2.
c) Find the probability that X is greater that 2.5.
d) If a random sample of 100 observations of X, where X has the above distribution,
is obtained, what is the approximate probability that the sample mean is greater than
1?
e) If a random sample of 10 observations is taken from the above distribution, would
the method you used in (b) still be valid? Why or why not?arrive
8. The Loan over the phone desk in a bank has found that calls for loans arrive randomly
and independently at an average rate of 25 per 5-day week of 8 hour days.
a) If the cost of processing each call is $2.00, what is the expected cost of processing
orders in any given week? What is the variance of the processing cost in any given
week?
b) What is the probability of at least 2 calls for loans in any given day?
c) On any given day, what is the probability that the length of time between calls is 2
hours or more?
9. A quality control inspector wishes to estimate the percentage of defective items coming
o a production line. What sample size is required if the estimate must be within 5%
of the true percentage with 99% condence?
10. The just-in-time policy of inventory control has become very popular. An automobile
parts supplier claims to deliver parts to any local manufacturer in a average time of 1
hour or less. In an eort to test the claim, a manufacturer recorded the times of 25
randomly selected deliveries from this supplier. The mean and variance were found to
2
be 1.1 hours and 0.09 hrs
2
. Can it be concluded at the 5% level of signicance that
the suppliers claim is incorrect?
11. Three data entry specialists enter requisitions into a computer. Specialist A processes
30% of the requisitions, Specialist B processes 45% and Specialist C processes 25%.
IF 3% of the requisitions entered by A are incorrect, 5% of those entered by B are
incorrect, and 2% of those entered by C are incorrect
a) nd the probability that a random requisition was entered incorrectly.
b) If a random entry is found to be incorrect what is the probability that it was entered
by Specialist B?
12. An aerospace company has submitted bids on two separate government contracts, A
and B. The company feels it has a 60% chance of winning contract A and a 30% chance
of winning contract B. If it wins contract B, the company believes it will have an 80%
chance of winning contract A. What is the probability that the company
a) will win both contracts?
b) will win at least one of the two contracts?
c) will not win either of the two contracts?
d) Are the events wins contract A and wins contract B mutually exclusive? Why
or why not? Are they independent? Why or why not?
13. Suppose it is known that the population standard deviation is 2.25. It is desired to
estimate the population mean with a bound on the margin of error not exceeding 0.5
unit with probability 0.95. How large a sample should be taken?
14. A stylist at the Hair Care Palace gathered data on the number of hair colorings given
on Saturdays and weekdays. Her results are listed below. Assume the two samples
were taken independently:
Saturdays : n
1
= 50 x
1
= 14
weekdays : n
2
= 65 x
2
= 13
a. Find the Point estimate of P
1
P
2
and the margin of error.
b. Estimate the dierence in the true proportions with a 99% condence interval.
Interpret this interval.
15. If X has an exponential distribution with parameter , derive a general expression for
the (100p)th percentile of the distribution. Then specialize to obtain the median.
16. Find the joint and marginal densities corresponding to the cdf
F(x, y) = (1 e
x
)(1 e
y
) x 0 y 0 > 0 > 0.
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17. Let the joint probability function of X and Y be
f(x, y) =

e
(x+y)
0 < x < , 0 < y <
0 otherwise.
a) Find P(X > 1)
b) Find E(Y )
c) Are X and Y independent random variables?
18. In investigating which of two presentations of subject matter to use in a computer-
programmed course, an experimenter randomly chose two groups of 18 students each,
and assigned one group to receive presentation I and the second to receive presenta-
tion II. A short quiz on the presentation was given to each group and their grades
recorded. Do the following data indicate that the dierence in the mean quiz scores
(hence dierence in eectiveness of presentation) exists for the two methods? Find the
approximate p-value, interpret your results and state your assumptions.( = 0.05)
x s
2
Presentation I 81.7 23.2
Presentation II 77.2 19.8
19. Suppose X
1
, X
2
, , X
n
be a random sample taken from a uniform distribution on the
interval (, + 1). Show that T =

X 0.5 is an unbiased estimator of .
20. Suppose
f(x, y) =
2
5
(2x + 3y); 0 x 1, 0 y 1
Find (a) f
X
(x) (b) f
Y
(y) (c) E(X) (d) E(Y ) (e) E(XY ) (f) (X, Y )
21. A random sample of size n is drawn from the density f(x) = x
1
; 0 < x < 1. Find
the MLE of .
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