6.2.

2 Orientation for Contractor and Workers

Workers should be educated of the good construction practices and safety measures
during construction phase. Especial attention should be given to following aspects.
1. pecial briefing and ! or on"site training for the contractors and workers on the
environmental re#uirements of the pro$ect.
2. %greement on critical areas to be considered and necessary mitigation measures&
among all parties who are involved in pro$ect activities.
'. (raining on proper construction practices and waste disposal to be implemented uch
as)
*i+ ,roper compaction of the fillings for the road embankment-
*ii+ .mportance of proper construction #uality control measures-
*iii+ /emoval of soft soil and replacement with good #uality material to reduce
long"term settlement of the road surface&
*iv+ (emporary storage of construction spoil without contamination of the
ground water and without obstruction of the water ways
*v+ afety aspects to be observed during e0cavation for the roadway and
material e0ploitation *eg. 1lasting& stability of e0cavations etc.+
*vi+ ,roper disposal of solid waste from construction activities and labor
camps.
2. Orientation of new workers should be done on a continuous manner..
6.2.6 oil Erosion!urface /un"off
urface runoff and the resulting soil erosion could cause numerous construction related
problems and environmental issues such as destroying the agricultural crops including tea
and paddy. (herefore& following mitigation measures should be implemented during the
construction phase)
1. Construction sites *including borrow and disposal sites+ should be graded to original
contours& re"vegetated& and compacted properly in accordance with design specifications
2. Cut areas and stockpiles will be configured to maintain stability of the slopes.
'. (emporary or permanent drainage works shall be installed and maintained to minimi3e
erosion.
2. (he Contractor should consult %g. ocieties& %g. %uthorities in the area to solicit input
on mitigation measures.
4. tabili3ing vegetation to be planted and maintained in a continuous!ongoing manner
6. 5arge scale nurseries should be located with access to good supply of water for the
care and storage of appropriate vegetation to be re"used on site.
6. 7se of temporary or permanent drainage systems to collect water coming to the slope
and drain out without causing soil erosion.
8. Construction activities such as site clearing& cut 9 fill and material e0ploitation should
be planned during dry periods of the year. :owever& if it is not possible to carry out these
operations during dry periods& silt traps and interceptor drains should be provided.
6.2.6 E0ploitation :andling& (ransportation and torage of Construction ;aterials
.mproper e0ploitation& handling& transportation and storage of construction material could
have some adverse effects on the surrounding environment. (herefore& following
mitigation measures are proposed)
1. E0ploitation of the construction material and the subse#uent usage should be planned
in such a way to minimi3e material in temporary storage-
2. ites to be used as temporary storage should be selected on relatively flat land well
away from drinking water sources without obstructing natural drainage pattern of the
neighborhood area
'. When e0cavated material within the trace are used as fill material& proper planning and
management of cut and fill operations should be practiced to minimi3e distance of
transport and the volume of material in temporary storage. 1efore the beginning of the
construction& the cut sections and the corresponding fill sections should be marked on a
map for the entire trace considering the distance of transport& easiness of transport&
construction process etc.
2. ;aterial generation and usage map& mentioned above& should be regularly revised
depending on the progress of construction
4. 5icense for borrow pits must be obtained from the <9;1 for all mining activities
such as #uarries and borrow pits.
6. (o prevent dust blowing from open"topped 5orries& it is necessary to ensure that the
loads are covered& when transported.
6. =uring dry periods it is necessary to dampen the e0posed areas and the access roads at
regular intervals to prevent emission of dust.
8. >ecessary approval shall be obtained from CE% and the relevant 5ocal %uthority for
the operation of the metal crushers prior to commencement of operations
?. When e0ploited rocks within the trace are used to produce coarse and fine aggregates&
#uarry sites should be selected considering the location of the predicted availability of the
rock and distance of transport apart from other environmental issues such as emission of
dust& noise and vibration.
6.2.8 poil and Construction Waste =isposal
.t is e0pected that a large #uantity of waste material will be generated within the pro$ect
area due to construction activities. (emporary storage places should be selected for
collection of the spoil and construction waste before transporting them to permanent
disposal sites. @ollowing aspects should be considered in selecting temporary and
permanent spoil and construction waste disposal sites)
1. Optimum number of temporary construction waste disposal sites should be selected
along the trace considering the distribution of generation of construction waste along the
trace
2. =epending on the volume of construction waste in temporary waste disposal sites and
the capacity of the permanent waste disposal sites& permanent waste disposal sites should
be selected to dispose waste from one or more temporary waste disposal sites. .n practice&
construction waste from the original location could be directly transported to permanent
waste disposal sites without keeping it in temporary storage-
'. (emporary and permanent waste disposal sites should be located on relatively flat
lands to minimi3e surface erosion and slope stability problems. (hose sites should be
located well away from the drinking water sources.
2. (emporary construction waste disposal sites should be located in such a manner not to
obstruct natural ground water flow resulting stagnation of water
4. Construction waste consisting of peaty soil& placed in permanent dump sites& should be
covered with a suitably selected soil cap to avoid e0posure to rain waster and a grass
cover should be maintained on the e0posed surface of such soil caps to avoid erosion..
6. ,eaty soils are highly compressible and have very low shear strength parameters.
(herefore& stability of the e0posed slopes of the permanent waste disposal sites should
have a reasonably high factor of safety against failure under the most critical condition
6. %nticipated or already planned future developments of the surrounding area should be
considered in location of the permanent construction waste disposal sites
8. .f a 1 A 2m thick layer of inorganic soils could be placed over disposed peaty soils at
permanent dumpsites& the underlying highly compressible peaty soils will be compressed
and improved.
?. (ransportation of peaty soils immediately after e0cavation should be avoided& as the
li#uid nature of such waste at that stage will pollute the environment due to spilling
during transportation. uch material should be kept in temporary storage at near by places
before transporting to distant permanent storage sites.
6.2.? Work Camp Operation and 5ocation
Work camps should be located at selected places to reduce the impact on the environment
during operation of such camps. @ollowing mitigation measures are suggested for
operation and location of work camps)
1. .dentify location of work camps in consultation with <rama >iladharies *<>s+. (he
location shall be sub$ected to approval by the /=%. .f possible& camps shall not be
located near settlements or near drinking water supply intakes.
2. Cutting of trees shall be avoided and removal of vegetation shall be minimi3ed.
'. %void& as much as possible& use of sloping lands for work camps to avoid removal of
vegetation cover on sloping lands to minimi3e soil erosion and slope stability problems.
2. Water and sanitary facilities shall be provided for employees.
4. olid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local
regulations. %s a rule& solid waste must not be dumped& buried or burned at or near the
pro$ect site& but shall be disposed of to the nearest sanitary landfill or site having and
complying with the necessary permits.
6. (he Contractor shall organi3e and maintain a waste separation& collection and transport
system.
6. (he Contractor shall document that all li#uid and solid ha3ardous and non"ha3ardous
waste are separated& collected and disposed of according to the given re#uirements and
regulations.
8. %t the conclusion of the pro$ect& all debris and waste shall be removed. %ll temporary
structures& including office buildings& shelters and toilets shall be removed.
?. E0posed areas shall be planted with suitable vegetation.
1B. (he /=% and upervising Engineer shall inspect and report that the camp has been
vacated and restored to pre"pro$ect conditions.

6.2.1B 5oss of Cegetation Cover of the %reas for (emporary Work pace
6.2.11 afety ,recautions for the Workers and <eneral ,ublic
@ollowing safety aspects should be followed during the construction phase of the pro$ect.
1. %de#uate warning signs& barriers and lighting as appropriate should be provided at the
construction sites
2. Especial safety measures such as road humps and traffic diversion during construction
should be adopted at locations where e0isting roads cross the trace.
'. %ccess of general public to the construction sites should be controlled
2. ,roviding workers with skull guard or hard hat
'. (he Contractor shall instruct his workers in health and safety matters& and re#uire the
workers to use the provided safety e#uipment.
2. Establish all relevant safety measures as re#uired by law and good engineering practice
6.2.1' alini3ation
1. %s the ground level is lowered due to e0cavation for the road way and e0ploitation of
the construction material& the ground water table will be lowered increasing the salinity
level of the ground water.
'. =eforestation must be discouraged to retard the process of salini3ation.
2. (he proper design of hydraulic and irrigation structures should be adopted to curtail
formation of stagnant water bodies& which may cause elevated levels of salinity
6.2.? tability of slopes
tability of slopes of the sides of the e0cavation for the roadway is a very important
consideration for a road trace running through hilly and undulating terrain. (herefore&
following measures should be adopted to reduce the possibility of slope failures.
1. Original designs should be reviewed in light with the new subsurface information
gathered during e0cavation for the roadway.
2. .ncrease of the elevation of the height of the water table& due to natural or manmade
reasons& at the top of the slope should be monitored.
'. %dditional 5oading at the top of the slope outside the /OW& due to construction of new
structures etc.& should be avoided
2. imilarly unloading at the toe of the slope even out side the /OW could reduce the
factor of safety of fill slopes against stability.
4. ;onitor other indications of slope instability such as) settlement of the top of the slope&
cracking of the surrounding area including the road surface& appearance of springs at the
bottom of the slope and elevation of the groundwater table near the top of the slope
6. <rowing a suitable vegetation cover to minimi3e infiltration of surface water into the
slope and binding of the subsurface soil with the root network of such vegetation.
6. ,rovision of ade#uate drainage facilities to drain out water from such slopes without
infiltration and surface erosion.
6.2.? ettlement and ground subsidence
,ost construction settlement of the roadway will re#uire considerable amount of road
maintenance work. (herefore& following factors should be considered during construction
stage for minimi3ation of post construction road maintenance due to settlement and
ground subsidence.
1. ,roper construction practices and #uality control programme during construction of the
road embankment over low"lying areas.
2. %de#uate compaction of the fill portions of the cut 9 fill sections to avoid large
differential settlement of the fill portion of the cut 9 fill sections.
2. ,roper implementation of the ground improvement methods such as complete removal
of the compressible soft organic soil layers during replacement and ade#uate compaction
of the fill.
'. ;onitoring of the settlement and pore water pressure of the pre"loaded sections to
ensure that the long term settlement of the road surface is within tolerable limits.