1 Insulation Resistance Measurement

Procedure
a. For LT systems, use only 500V or 1000V Megger.
b. For MV & HV systems, use 2500V or 5000V Megger.
c. Remove Earth from Transformer neutral.
d. Measure as per table below.
Circuit Megger Used
MV & HV
1U - E 5kV
2U - E 5kV
1U - 2U 5kV
2 Winding Resistance Measurement
Circuit Tap No Resistance
1U-1N All Taps
1V-1N
1W-1N
2U-2N
2V-2N
2W-2N
POWER TRANSFORMER
1
1
1W
1
2
2
2
2
1 1 1W 1
2 2 2 2
WINDING RESISTANCE METER
I I I I
I1 P1 P2 I2
3 Magnetic Current Test
Applied Voltage Measured Current
1U-1V 1U
1V-1W 1V
1W-1U 1W
1U-1N, 1V-1N,1W-1N 1N
4 Magnetic Balance Test
Applied Voltage Measured Voltage
1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 2U2N 2V2N 2W2N
Applied Voltage Measured Voltage
1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2U2V 2V2W 2W2U
- - - 415
- 415 - -
415 - - -
- 415
-
-
- -
415
- -
-
415
-
1
1
1W
1
2
2
2
2
mA
4
1
5

V

A
C

mA
mA
mA
1
1
1W
1
2
2
2
2
4
1
5

V

A
C

M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

5 Vector Group Confirmation.
Dyn1
Conditions:
1 -1U and 2u should be shorted.
2 -Apply 415V to 1U,1V&1W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1W = 1U2n + 1W2n
1W2w = 1W2V
1V2v < 1V2w
Dyn11
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1V = 1U2n + 1V2n
1V2w = 1V2v
1W2w < 1W2v
1U
1V 1
2W
2U
2V
1U
2U
1V
1
2V
2W
2n
1U
1V 1
2W
2U
2V
2U
1U
1V 1
2W
2V
2n
5 Vector Group Confirmation.
Ynd1
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1N = 1U2v + 2v1N
1W2v = 1V2v
1V2v < 1V2w
YNyn0
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1W2w = 1V2v
1W2n = 1V2n
1U1N = 1U2n + 1N2n
6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.
7 REF Stability Test
8 Cooler Circuits
9 Temperature Indicators Calibration
10 Auxilliary Protection Circuits
1U
1V 1
2W
2V
2U
1N
1U
1V 1
2W
2V
2U
1U
1V 1
2W 2V
2U
1N2n
1U
1V 1
2W 2V
2U
2n
1N
V
6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.
Stable Condition.
Diff Relay
P1 S1
300/1 A
S2
S1
S2
S1
P2
S2
B-Ph
Y-Ph
R-Ph
P1 S1
500/1 A
S1
S2
S1
S2
S2
P2
Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage
N R Y B
Temporary Short
Id
Id
Id
Example:
Short Circuit Current Calculation.
Rating : 100MVA
HV LV
Voltage 220 kV 132kV
Current 262.43 A 437.40 A
% of Impedance (%Z)
HV MVA = LV MVA = 100MVA
3 x 220000 x I1 = 3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000
3 x 220000 x I1 = 100,000,000
I1 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 220000)
I1 = 262.43A
3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000
I2 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 132000)
I2 = 437.40A
%Zv =
= 220kV x % of impedance
= 220000 x (8.05/100)
%Zv = 17,710 V
If We may apply 415 V to HV side
HV I primary = (415 x 262.43) / 17710
HV I primary = 6.15 A
HV sec = 6.15 / 300
HV sec = 0.0205A
LV I primary = (415 x 437.4) / 17710
LV I primary = 10.25 A
LV sec = 10.25 / 500
LV sec = 0.0205 A
= 8.05%
8.05%
Unstable Condition
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
S1
S2
S1
S2
S2
Id
Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage
Temporary Short
Id
Id
7 REF Stability Test
i) Stable Condition.
R Y B
P1 S1 S1 S1
P2
S2 S2 S2
S2 S1 N
P2 P1
P2 P1
n
S2 S1
P1 S1 S1 S1
P2
S2 S2 S2
r y b
Apply 3-Ph AC
Fault
HV REF
LV REF
SHORT
ii) Unstable Condition (Type 1)
S1 S1 S1
S2 S2 S2
S2 S1
S2 S1
S1 S1 S1
S2 S2 S2
Apply 3-Ph AC
SHORT
LV REF
HV REF
iii) Unstable Condition (Type 2)
S1 S1 S1
S2 S2 S2
S2 S1
S2 S1
S1 S1 S1
S2 S2 S2
HV REF
LV REF
LOADING
TRANSFORMER
LOADING
TRANSFORMER