Weed Control July14

Weed control handbook
FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

JULY 2014 EDITION
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA JULY 2014 II
Weed control handbook
FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA 2014 EDITION
CONTENTS
INDEX TO RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS
IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA _______________________________________________III
ABOUT THIS BOOK _________________________________________________ 01
THE PLANTS INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK ___________________________________ 02
HERBICIDE USE ___________________________________________________ 04
WEED CONTROL METHODS __________________________________________ 10
TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WEED CONTROL _____________________________ 10
NON-HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS _______________________________ 11
HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS ___________________________________ 16
RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA _____ 18
WEED CONTROL ADVICE IS AVAILABLE FROM ALL REGIONAL NRM OFFICES: _______ 19
REFERENCES ___________________________________________________ 104
USEFUL WEBSITES _______________________________________________ 104
IMAGE CREDITS __________________________________________________ 105
PUBLISHED BY NRM BIOSECURITY
South Australian Government 2014
ISBN 978-0-9875872-2-0 pdf
Edited by
Adrian Harvey
Biosecurity Consultant
Rural Solutions SA
Requests and enquiries concerning
reproduction and rights should be addressed to:
Biosecurity SA
GPO Box 1671
Adelaide SA 5001
Email: nrmbiosecurity@sa.gov.au
Web: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/
nrm_biosecurity
Disclaimer
Use of the information in this handbook
is at your own risk. Primary Industries &
Regions South Australia, Biosecurity SA and
their employees do not warrant or make
any representation regarding the use or the
results of the use of the information contained
herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy,
reliability, currency or otherwise. The entire risk
as to the results from the implementation of
the information which has been given to you is
assumed by you. All liability or responsibility to
any person using the information is expressly
disclaimed by PIRSA, Biosecurity SA and their
employees.
Users of agricultural chemical products must
always read the registered label and any
relevant APVMA permit before using a product,
and comply fully with the label directions or the
conditions of the permit.
Acknowledgements
The following NRM Ofcers: Peter Michelmore,
Joel Horn, Sandy Cummins, Kym Haebich,
Paul Gillen, Russell Norman, Anton Kurray,
Tony Richman, Michael Williams, Alan Robins,
Rory Wiadrowski, Iggy Honan, Tony Zwar, Greg
Patrick, Grant Roberts, Kevin Teague and Phil
Elson.
Ben Shepherd, previously of Rural Solutions SA.
Weed Society of Queensland Inc. for their
publication Weeds of Southern Queensland.
The NSW Department of Primary Industries for
their publication Noxious and environmental
weed control handbook a guide to weed
control in non-crop, aquatic and bushland
situation.
The Environment Protection Authority for their
pesticide use guides.
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA JULY 2014 III
African boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum WoNS ________________ 20
African feathergrass Pennisetum macrourum _________________ 21
African lovegrass Eragrostis curvula _______________________ 22
African rue Peganum harmala ____________________________ 24
Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis ____________________________ 25
Alkali sida Malvella leprosa ______________________________ 25
Alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides WoNS AW ________ 26
Asparagus fern Asparagus scandens WoNS _________________ 26
Athel pine Tamarix aphylla WoNS _________________________ 27
Azarola Crataegus sinaica _______________________________ 28
Bathurst burr Xanthium spinosum _________________________ 29
Bellyache bush Jatropha gossypiifolia WoNS_________________ 30
Bifora Biora testiculata _________________________________ 31
Blackberry Rubus fruticosus sp. agg. WoNS _________________ 31
Bladder campion Silene vulgaris __________________________ 33
Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera WoNS _______________ 34
Bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides WoNS _______________ 35
Bridal veil Asparagus declinatus WoNS _____________________ 36
Broad-kernel espartillo Amelichloa caudata AW ______________ 37
Broomrapes Orobanche spp. O.ramosa, O. cernua var. cernua,
O. aegyptiaca, O. minor AW ______________________________ 38
Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus pennisetiformis _______ 39
Bulbil watsonia Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera _______________ 40
Bundy blackberry Rubus laudatus _________________________ 41
Cabomba Cabomba caroliniana WoNS _____________________ 42
Cacti (prickly pear/wheel cactus) Cylindropuntia & Opuntia spp.
(except O. cus-indica) WoNS ____________________________ 42
Calomba daisy Oncosiphon suffruticosum ____________________ 43
Caltrop Tribulus terrestris ________________________________ 44
Cane needlegrass Nassella hyalina AW _____________________ 45
Cape broom Genista monspessulana WoNS _________________ 46
Cape tulip (one and two leaved) Moraea accida and Moraea miniata 47
Cats claw creeper Dolichandra unguis-cati WoNS _____________ 48
Chilean needlegrass Nassella neesiana WoNS _______________ 49
Common lantana Lantana camara WoNS ___________________ 50
Coolatai grass Hyparrhenia hirta __________________________ 51
Creeping knapweed Rhaponticum repens ____________________ 52
Cutleaf mignonette Reseda lutea __________________________ 53
Dodder Cuscuta spp. AW _______________________________ 54
Dog rose Rosa canina __________________________________ 54
English/Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius WoNS ______________ 55
Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum AW _____________ 56
False caper Euphorbia terracina ___________________________ 57
Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis _______________________ 57
Field garlic Allium vineale _______________________________ 58
Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis WoNS _________________ 59
Flax-leaf broom Genista linifolia WoNS _____________________ 59
Gamba grass Andropogon gayanus WoNS __________________ 60
Gorse Ulex europaeus WoNS ____________________________ 61
Hoary cress Cardaria draba ______________________________ 62
Horehound Marrubium vulgare ____________________________ 63
Horsetail Equisetum spp. AW ____________________________ 65
Innocent weed Cenchrus incertus & C. longispinus ______________ 65
Khaki weed Alternanthera pungens ________________________ 66
Lagarosiphon Lagarosiphon major AW _____________________ 67
Leafy elodea Egeria densa AW ___________________________ 67
Lincoln weed Diplotaxis tenuifolia __________________________ 68
INDEX TO
RECOMMENDED
HERBICIDES FOR
DECLARED PLANTS IN
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA JULY 2014 IV
Madeira vine Anredera cordifolia WoNS ____________________ 69
May or hawthorn Crataegus monogyna _____________________ 69
Mesquite Prosopis spp. WoNS AW ______________________ 70
Mexican feathergrass Nassella tenuissima AW _______________ 70
Muskweed Myagrum perfoliatum __________________________ 72
Noogoora burr Xanthium strumarium spp. agg. ________________ 72
Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass Cyperus rotundus ________________ 74
Olive (feral) Olea europaea (excluding cultivated trees) ___________ 75
Onion weed Asphodelus stulosus _________________________ 76
Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum ___________________ 76
Pampas grasses Cortaderia spp. __________________________ 77
Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata WoNS AW _______________ 77
Parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus WoNS AW ___________ 78
Perennial ragweed Ambrosia spp. _________________________ 78
Perennial thistle Cirsium arvense __________________________ 79
Plumerillo Jarava plumosa AW ___________________________ 80
Poison buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus ____________________ 81
Polygala Polygala myrtifolia ______________________________ 82
Prickly acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica ___________________ 82
Primrose willow Ludwigia peruviana AW ____________________ 83
Sagittaria (arrowhead) Sagittaria graminea WoNS ____________ 84
Salvation Jane Echium plantagineum _______________________ 84
Salvinia Salvinia spp. WoNS AW _______________________ 85
Senegal tea plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides AW _____________ 86
Serrated tussock Nassella trichotoma WoNS AW ____________ 87
Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium WoNS __________ 88
Skeleton weed Chrondrilla juncea _________________________ 89
Slender thistle Carduus tenuiorus _________________________ 90
Soldier thistle Picnomon acarna ___________________________ 90
Soursob Oxalis pes-caprae ______________________________ 91
Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare _____________________________ 92
Sweet briar Rosa rubiginosa _____________________________ 93
Tamarisks Tamarix ramosissima & Tamarix parviora ____________ 94
Texas needlegrass Nassella leucotricha _____________________ 94
Three corner jack Emex australis __________________________ 95
Three-cornered garlic Allium triquetrum _____________________ 96
Three-horned bedstraw Galium tricornutum __________________ 97
Toetoe Cortaderia richardii AW ___________________________ 97
Variegated thistle Silybum marianum _______________________ 98
Water caltrop Trapa natans AW ___________________________ 99
Water dropwort Oenanthe pimpinelloides ____________________ 99
Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes WoNS AW ___________ 100
Water soldier Stratiotes aloides AW _______________________ 101
Wild artichoke Cynara cardunculus _______________________ 101
Willows Salix spp. WoNS ______________________________ 102
Yellow burrweed Amsinckia spp. _________________________ 103
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA JULY 2014 01
ABOUT THIS BOOK
This book provides information on how to control South Australias declared
plants. The rst section of the book provides information regarding declared
plants, weed control methods and the important legal, environmental and
OHW&S considerations when using herbicides for weed control.
The second section is a table of recommended herbicide options, rates
and application methods for South Australias declared plants. These
recommendations were compiled with assistance from people with
experience in controlling South Australias declared plants including Natural
Resources Management Ofcers, bush regenerators and agronomists.
Various resources were also drawn upon including fact sheets, interstate
weed control guides and herbicide labels and permits.
The recommendation table lists plants in alphabetical order by their common
name. Herbicide active ingredients(s) are then listed in alphabetical order
for each plant along with the recommended application rate, method and
timing; the herbicides mode of action and general comments regarding the
recommendation.
Note that one example product name has been included for each herbicide,
there are often several products for the same herbicide and users should
shop around for the best product with the correct active ingredient(s).
All herbicide recommendations listed in the table are registered or permitted
for use by the Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
(APVMA). Users should refer to the label or permit for specic details about
the situation within which the herbicide can be used. In the recommendation
table registered uses are labelled registered and permit numbers (e.g.
PER1234) are provided for permitted uses.
IMPORTANT: The herbicide recommendations provided in this book should
be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must
always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the
directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
THE PLANTS INCLUDED
IN THIS BOOK
Declared plants
Declared plants are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources
Management Act 2004 due to their weed threat to South Australias
primary industries, natural environments and public safety. The Minister for
Sustainability, Environment and Conservation may declare a weed when
some of the powers of the Act are needed to implement the NRM Boards
strategic plans to manage the weed. Plant species are declared under
various provisions of the Act relating to:
Movement The declared plant must not be moved on a public road
(e.g. as a cutting, seed or potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of
the plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce may also be
prohibited.
Sale The declared plant must not be sold at any outlet including
nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. Sale of any animal, soil, vehicle,
machinery or produce contaminated with the plant may also be prohibited.
Notication The presence and locations of the declared plant must be
reported to the local NRM Board by the owner of the land.
Control Landowners are required to take action to destroy or control
certain declared plant species present on their property. NRM Boards are
also responsible for controlling these declared plants on road reserves,
and may have the power to recover costs of control from the adjoining
landowners.
Some or all of these provisions apply to each declared plant depending on
the region where the plant occurs.
Land owners, including the Crown, are responsible for the control of declared
weeds on their own land. The NRM Boards are responsible for co-ordinating
weed control in each region; they are also responsible for controlling
declared weeds on road reserves, and may recover the costs of this work
from the owners of adjoining land. Local Councils are responsible for all
other weed control work on road reserves.
The responsibilities of land owners and others also include preventing
the inadvertent movement of declared plants on livestock, soil, vehicles,
machinery or produce.
Weeds of National Signicance (WoNS)
Included in South Australian declared plant list are relevant Weeds of
National Signicant (WoNS). WoNS have been identied as national threats
due to their invasiveness, economic and environmental impacts. These
weeds are denoted as WoNS in the recommendation table.
Alert Weeds
Alert weeds are also included in South Australias declared plant list. Alert
Weeds are high threat species that, should they enter the state, have the
potential to invade and cause signicant economic and environmental
impacts. All people should be on the lookout and report Alert Weeds to their
local NRM Authority. Alert weeds may also be WoNS weeds. These weeds are
denoted with AW in the recommendation table.
Weed
absent
Small number
of localised
populations
Rapid increase in
distribution and
abundance, many
populations
Weed widespread and abundant
throughout its potential range
Time
A
r
e
a

o
c
c
u
p
i
e
d
E
n
t
r
y

o
f

w
e
e
d
Economic returns
1:100
Prevention
1:25
Eradication
1:5-10
Containment
1:1-5
Asset based protection
Asset based protection
Containment
Eradication
Prevention
Importance of Early Intervention
All weed management has costs, and these are paid by the community.
Weed management benets the community in terms of production and asset
protection.
Prevention of entry is the most cost-effective form of weed control;
eradication of a new introduction is also good value. Containment may have
worthwhile returns on investment when a weed with high impacts is still
absent from vulnerable lands.
After this stage, decisions on control effort are made by land managers
according to value of the asset and the impact of the weed.
Based on information from
Invasive Plants and Animals
Policy Framework, Department
of Environment and Primary
Industries Victoria.
HERBICIDE USE
Herbicide registration
Agricultural chemical products must be registered by the Australian Pesticide
and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) in accordance with the
Agricultural and Veterinary Code Act 1994 (AGVET code) and the Agricultural
& Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1994. In South Australia the main
legislation controlling the use of agricultural and commercial pesticides is
the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Act 2002 (AGVET
Control of Use Act) and the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of
Use) Regulations 2004 (AGVET Control of Use Regulations). This legislation is
administered and enforced by PIRSA.
Each registered product has a label providing instructions on safety, use and
disposal as well as identifying the active constituents and other ingredients
of the product. Labels also outline the pests, crops and situations where the
herbicide may be applied. In certain situations the APVMA may issue a minor
use permit for use of a herbicide in a situation not specied on the label.
Permits need to be applied for and will have specic conditions and expiry
dates that must be adhered to.
Following label or permit instructions ensures that herbicides are used
effectively and do not have a negative impact on the environment, health,
safety and trade. It is an offense to use unregistered pesticides unless you
have a permit. To search for registered and permitted products visit the
APVMA on line database at: portal.apvma.gov.au/pubcris
The use of herbicides in a manner that varies from the label instructions is
called off-label use. In South Australia limited off-label use is allowed for
activities deemed low risk. In these situations:
You may use a pesticide at less than the label rate of application.
You may use a pesticide less frequently than advised on the label.
You may use a pesticide to treat a pest not mentioned on the label as
long as the crop is specied and you follow all other label conditions.
If there are no instructions for the use of the product on a crop in
South Australia, then the product may be used on that crop if it is listed
for another state. The product must not be used at a higher rate or
frequency than listed for the crop in the other state, and must not be
used if the label species that it is not for use in South Australia.
Herbicide toxicity
Many herbicides are hazardous chemicals toxic to humans and other
living things and their inappropriate use can cause harm. Where possible
choose herbicides with a low toxicity to humans and animals. The degree of
toxicity of a herbicide is outlined on the label as a poison schedule. Poison
scheduling is the national system used to classify substances based on their
potential health risks.
When using herbicides personal protection equipment (PPE) must
always be worn to avoid contact with and absorption into the body. The
degree of PPE required may depend on the application method and the
herbicides toxicity; however, users should always wear:
Chemical impervious, PVC or nitrile gloves,
eye protection,
a respirator (with a lter appropriate to the level of toxicity), and
clothes, a hat and boots that cover the whole body.
For higher risk herbicides more PPE and additional precautions may apply,
including wearing a full face respirator and chemical resistant overalls.
HERBICIDE POISON SCHEDULING
SIGNAL HEADING SCHEDULE DEGREE OF HAZARD
No signal heading required;
Keep out of the reach of children only
Unscheduled
Low toxicity
Not considered poisons however they
may be capable of causing minor
adverse effects to human beings in
normal use.
Caution Schedule 5
Slight degree of hazard
Have a low toxicity or a low
concentration and pose a low to
moderate hazard. They are capable
of causing only minor adverse effects
to human beings in normal use and
require caution in handling, storage
or use.
Poison Schedule 6
Moderate degree of hazard
Have a moderate to high toxicity
which may cause death or severe
injury if they are ingested, inhaled or
come in contact with the skin or eyes.
Dangerous Poison Schedule 7
High degree of hazard
Have a high to extremely high
toxicity which can cause death or
severe injury at low exposures. They
require special precautions in their
manufacture, handling or use and are
too hazardous for domestic use or
use by untrained persons.
By law, Schedule 7 chemicals must not be sold to or be used by persons who have not completed
appropriate training (e.g. ChemCert or equivalent) and shall not be used in domestic settings.
Herbicide spray drift
Spray drift of ne spray droplets away from the target area can cause off-
target damage to plants, aquatic environments and humans. All herbicides
are capable of drift; however the extent and damage caused by the drift will
depend on the amount of drift, type of herbicide used and the susceptibility
of the non-target plants and animals.
All users have a moral and legal responsibility to prevent herbicides (and
other pesticides) from drifting and contaminating or damaging neighbouring
properties and off-target species.
Spray drift can result in chemical trespass, the term used to describe the
trespass of chemicals to off-target properties, crops or the environment that
causes:
Actual or potential contamination of land, animals or plants outside the
target area.
Actual or potential harm to human health and safety (within or outside
the target area).
Actual or potential environmental harm (within or outside the target area).
Chemical trespasses are reported to Biosecurity SA Rural Chemicals
divsion who will trigger an investigation and appropriate response to the
incident. Penalties can apply.
How to avoid spray drift and chemical trespass
Where possible choose herbicides that are selective to the weed, are the
least toxic to humans, animals and the environment, and pose the least
threat to surrounding off target plants
For further information, please see www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/
ruralchem/chemical_misuse_including_spray_drift/chemical_misuse_
and_spray_drift_management
Prior to spraying:
Check for nearby sensitive areas such as houses, schools, riparian
(waterway) areas and susceptible crops/pastures,
Notify neighbours of planned herbicide treatments,
Check the anticipated weather conditions and do not spray if windy, still,
humid or hot conditions are forecast during spray activities, and
Read and follow the label drift reduction recommendations.
During spraying:
Carefully monitor weather conditions and the drift hazard
Do not spray when temperatures exceed 28 degrees Celsius
Do not spray under still or very windy conditions
Suitable wind speeds for spraying are 7-10km/h (a light breeze)
Do not spray after 11am in summer to avoid midday turbulence and
Do not spray during low relative humidity conditions,
Maintain a downwind buffer from neighbouring properties/paddocks,
Do not spray upwind of sensitive areas,
Spray when temperatures are less than 25 degrees Celsius,
Minimise spray release height (as low to the ground as possible),
Always use the least volatile formulation of herbicide, and
Use nozzles and spray settings that produce a minimum proportion of
small, drift-prone droplets (e.g. lower pressure, large droplets and higher
spray volume).
Herbicide use near waterways
Many herbicides are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. Plants, invertebrates,
amphibians and sh may be harmed when herbicides contaminate a body
of water. Inappropriate use of herbicides may also cause signicant risks to
human health where water is pumped from a bore for domestic use, or ows
to a reservoir. Herbicides can enter water bodies either directly through spray
or spray drift, or they can move into water bodies via surface water run-off or
leaching and sub-surface draining.
When planning to undertake weed control within or adjacent to a water body,
the use of herbicides should be avoided where practical - can the use of
biological control, mowing, slashing or hand removal be employed instead of
herbicides?
If herbicides must be used near waterways choose products registered for
use in aquatic areas, for example some glyphosate products. Always read
the label carefully.
Herbicides more appropriate for use near waterways will have the following
characteristics:
low eco-toxicity,
nil or low volatility at all temperatures to reduce spray drift potential,
low water solubility to reduce potential for leaching to groundwater,
high soil absorption co-efcient to reduce potential for leaching into
groundwater,
a short half-life.
Because of the sensitivity of aquatic environments, it is recommended that
only trained, licensed contractors carry out spraying operations near water
bodies. However, if you feel you can select the appropriate chemical, apply it
according to best practice and avoid environmental or personal harm, then
the following points are critical.
Important points to remember when applying herbicides near
aquatic areas
Use only herbicides registered for use near waterways and always read
and follow the label directions carefully,
Where possible use methods that avoid the need to spray herbicides e.g.
cut stump and stem injection,
Never spray herbicides over a water body!
When you are working near the edge of a water body, direct the spray
away from the water body where possible,
Spray only to the extent of covering foliage with droplets,
Spray when weather is calm; strong winds may carry herbicide drift into
water bodies.
Use a at fan nozzle and a low pump/spray pressure to reduce the
likelihood of spray drift. and
Do not spray when rainfall is forecast within six hours as herbicide can
be washed off the pest plant and run off into aquatic ecosystems.
For more information about control of weeds near waterways refer to Safe
and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced
by the Environment Protection Authority.
www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_les/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf
Herbicide mode of action and herbicide resistance
Herbicides act by interfering with specic processes in plants; this is known
as the herbicides mode of action. Different herbicides may have the same
mode of action and herbicides with the same mode of action are grouped
from A to Z see table below for examples. The herbicide group is clearly
shown on each product label.
HERBICIDE GROUPS AND MODE OF ACTION
HERBICIDE GROUP LABEL MODE
OF ACTION
HERBICIDE
M Uncoupling (Membrane disruption) glyphosate
I Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate)
synthase
triclopyr; picloram, dicamba; MCPA; 2,4-D; clopyralid,
uroxypr and others
B Inhibition of acetolactate synthase
ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase
AHAS)
chlorsulfuron; umetsulam; imazapyr; imazethapyr;
metsulfuron-methyl; triasulfuron and others
C Inhibition of photosynthesis at
photosystem
bromoxynil; hexazinone; tebuthiuron and others
A Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase
(ACCase)
uazifop-p; cyhalofop butyl and others
L Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose)
synthesis
diquat; paraquat
Z Unknown MSMA
J Inhibition of lipid synthesis upropanate
Herbicide resistance is the inherent ability of weeds to survive a herbicide
that would normally control them. Herbicide resistant plants are present
in weed populations at low frequencies. These resistant individuals do not
become apparent until a herbicide with the same mode of action is used
repeatedly and the resistant weeds are allowed to survive, set seed and
multiply while susceptible plants are killed.
If herbicide resistance develops, other herbicides (with a different mode of
action) or other control methods (non-chemical) will need to be used. Once
herbicide resistance occurs it will persist for many years.
To minimise the chance of herbicide resistance it is important to use a range
of weed control methods and alternate between different herbicide groups.
For further information, please see the WeedSmart Website,
www.weedsmart.org.au
Herbicide compatibility
Using more than one herbicide in a herbicide mix can be an effective method
of controlling hard to kill weeds or kill a broader range of weeds; however not
all herbicides are compatible. When using more than one herbicide in a mix,
users must ensure they are compatible. Compatible herbicides will be listed
on the product label.
Herbicide adjuvants
An adjuvant is any additive added to a herbicide that is intended to improve its effectiveness. There are many adjuvants available that help herbicides to
adhere to and penetrate the weed (see table below) however the most commonly used ones are surfactants (also known as wetters), penetrants and dyes.
Only ever use adjuvants that are compatible with the herbicide chosen; these will be listed on the herbicide label.
HERBICIDE ADJUVANTS
Adjuvants which enhance product efciency
Surfactants/Wetters/Spreaders enhance adhesion to and spreading
of spray droplets on target surfaces by reducing the surface tension of
the pesticide formulation and improving coverage, such as;
Non-ionic surfactants non-reactive, i.e. they do not have a negative
charge or a positive charge; they remain on the leaf once dry and
allow rewetting after rain, permitting additional pesticide uptake
Anionic surfactants negative charge
Cationic surfactants positive charge
Amphoteric surfactants
Organo-silicate surfactants
Acidied surfactants.
Stickers increase adhesion of pesticides to target surfaces.
Penetrants improve the transfer of active ingredients from the target
surface to interior tissues.
Extenders enhance the amount of time the active ingredient remains
toxic by increasing resistance to environmental degradation.
Humectants increase the density/drying time of an aqueous spray
deposit.
Adjuvants which improve ease of application
Acidifying/buffering agents agents adjust the pH of alkaline or acidic
water and minimise decomposition of the pesticide through alkaline
hydrolysis.
Anti-foaming/de-foaming agents reduce or suppress the formation
of foam in the spray tank preventing foam overow.
Compatibility agents permit the mixing of different agrochemicals
by preventing antagonism between different ingredients in the spray
solution.
Drift control agents alter the viscoelastic properties of the spray
solution yielding a coarser spray with greater mean droplet sizes.
Dyes commonly used for spot or boom spraying herbicides to detect
missed spots or avoid spraying a plant or area twice.
Water conditioners prevent reaction between hard water ions in spray
solutions and suppress formation of precipitates or salts.
WEED CONTROL
METHODS
There are a number of methods available to treat weeds and choosing the
most suitable option will depend on:
The aim of the control,
The scale of the problem,
The resources available,
Time constraints, and
The situation and location of the weeds.
Herbicides alone should not be relied upon for weed control; instead, an
integrated Weed Management (IWM) approach should be taken. Integrated
Weed Management (IWM) combines appropriate weed control options
including physical removal, chemical control, biological control and cultural
control to achieve effective long term control.
TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WEED CONTROL
Prevention is cheap
Ensure vehicles, machinery, livestock and produce do not carry
weed seeds.
Report sales of declared plants to Biosecurity SA or or your
regional Natural Resources Centre.
Pay particular attention to alert weeds most have yet to become
established in SA.
Find weeds early
Get to know plants in your area/on your property and quickly
identify and deal with new threats.
Watch your spread
Take measures to contain weed infestations and prevent further
weed dispersal.
Plan your controls
Obtain information about managing your target weed.
Map infestations.
Treat weeds when they are young.
Use the recommended control method. Minimise damage to non-
target plants. Establish and promote competing vegetation.
Undertake follow up control
Continue follow up treatments over several years. Some plants
may have been missed, some may not have died and new
seedlings may emerge.
Minimising weed spread
One of the commonest ways in which weeds are spread is via vehicles and
mobile machines that have travelled through an infested area.
The easiest way to prevent weed spread is to thoroughly clean vehicles and
machinery before leaving a site. The most effective cleaning options include:
Air blast hard-to-reach spots such as cavities and joints while the vehicle
and any contaminants are still dry.
Wash the vehicle down using a low or high pressure cleaner, or a spray
tank and pump. A commercial car wash will also remove the majority of
weed seeds. Clean the vehicle from the top down. Spray the tyres and
move the vehicle forward to ensure the whole tyre is clean.
Vacuum inside the cab to remove contaminants.
Use a brush or scraping implement to remove contaminants such as
burrs and clods of mud from tynes or tyres.
Also consider
Using detergents to assist the removal of grease, dirt and mud, which
may contain weed seeds.
Clean the undercarriage, springs and axles of trailers.
For boats, check the oor and sides, propellers, anchor wells, cooling
system inlet, bilges and bait wells.
Clean footwear and remove weeds seeds from socks and other clothing.
Use the same site for cleaning and monitor it regularly for weeds.
Contaminated material must be disposed of in a way that ensures all weeds
and seeds removed cannot spread or grow.
NON-HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS
Hand pulling
Hand pulling is an option where there are a small number of plants with
tap roots that are not too deep. It is suitable for seedlings, herbaceous
weeds and some grasses. When hand pulling, ensure the majority of the
tap root has been removed and take measures to minimise soil disturbance.
If the plant has the ability to vegetatively reshoot from fragments or has
mature seeds attached, carefully pull, bag, remove and destroy the plants
appropriately, taking care not to spill seeds along the way.
Grubbing and/or digging out
This method involves digging weeds out using a mattock, spade or hoe and
is suitable when there are a small number of plants. Grubbing and digging
out can be useful for weeds that have their growing points at ground level or
below the surface of the ground such as weeds with corms, bulbs, rhizomes,
clumped or brous root systems and grasses. This method involves removing
all the above and underground parts of the plant (including bulbs, corms,
etc) to prevent any part of the plant from regrowing. Often a great deal of
soil disturbance can result from this method and follow-up monitoring for
new germinations or regrowth is required. For some plants the above or
underground parts of the plants (bulbs, corms etc) will need to be carefully
removed from the site and disposed of appropriately.
Grazing
In grazing situations stock will usually choose more palatable species over
less palatable weeds such as scotch thistle and Salvation Jane; however,
spraying some weeds with the correct herbicide at the correct time of year
increases their palatability to stock. This method, known as spray grazing
is used in pastures to suppress weed populations making pasture species
more competitive.
Mechanical control methods
Mechanical control refers to the removal or manipulation of weeds using
power tools or machinery and is usually used for large, dense infestations.
Commonly employed methods include:
Using a slasher or mower to reduce weed growth and restrict owering at
critical times of the plants lifecycle.
Using a tractor to blade plough woody weeds out of the ground and
destroy their root system.
In a cultivated paddock, using a tractor and disc plough to sever roots
and/or bury weeds.
Using a mulcher to turn woody weeds into a thick mulch layer which is
spread back over the area to suppress regrowth and new germinations.
Using a mechanical weed puller attached to a tractor to pull woody
weeds out of the ground.
Mechanical control using heavy machinery (such as bulldozers) can result
in a great deal of disturbance and may increase erosion, damage native
vegetation and/or promote weed seed germinations. When considering the
use of heavy machinery ensure that it is suited to the situation.
Fire
In some situations re can be a useful method to reduce weed biomass,
clear an area for follow-up chemical control and, for some re sensitive
species, destroy the plant altogether. Areas that have been burnt need to be
monitored to ensure desirable species re-establish and weed species are
suppressed through follow-up control.
Some weeds such as buffel grass may actually benet from re. If the area
contains rare or endangered species, or desirable species not adapted to
re, re may destroy these plants and their seed bank. If undertaken in the
wrong season, burning may result in a hot re and lead to long-term damage
or increased erosion. The use of re as a weed management tool must
therefore be used with extreme care.
Before any planned burn, all necessary permissions must be obtained from
the Local Council, Native Vegetation Authority and the South Australian
Country Fire Service.
Competition
Competition using planted or regenerating native plants or pastures is an
essential part of long-term weed management. Encouraging and maintaining
cover of desired species will suppress weed growth, owering and weed
seed production by reducing access to available sunlight, nutrients and
moisture.
On grazing land, managing grazing pressure to avoiding patches of bare
ground are key preventative strategies for weed management. Weeds will
typically invade overgrazed, high trafc areas where the ground is bare.
Maintaining sustainable grazing pressures and moving stock regularly can
ensure that weeds are less likely to nd places to colonise.
Biological control
Plants introduced into Australia usually arrive without the natural enemies
that kept their populations in check within their natural range.
Biological control is the use of a weeds natural enemy, such as insects,
mites or pathogens (bacteria or fungi), which affect the health of the weed
by either feeding or parasitising on it. Usually, the biological control agents
come from the country of origin of the weed. A well known example was
the release of the Cactoblastis moth to control prickly pear in Queensland
in 1926 within 6 years the moth virtually eliminated all major stands of
prickly pear. Biological controls are not usually this successful but serve
as an important tool to limit the growth and spread of the target weed and
hence reduce the cost of other control methods.
It is critical that biological control agents introduced into Australia do not
become pests themselves. Therefore, rigorous testing is done on any agent
prior to introduction to ensure it is specic to the target weed only.
Examples of biological agents established in South Australia include: the
crown weevil on Salvation Jane; the spider mite on gorse; the plume moth
on horehound; a leaf rust fungus on blackberry; the leaf buckle mite on
boneseed; a leaf hopper, a rust and a leaf beetle on bridal creeper; and
many more. Current information about these agents can be found in Ivory
and Mantel (2013), A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia. This
guide is available for download at www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/
pdf_le/0007/188323/Weed_Biocontrol_Control_SECTION_1_Web.pdf
CURRENTLY ESTABLISHED BIOCONTROL AGENTS ON DECLARED WEEDS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
WEED COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
AGENT COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
MODE OF ACTION NRM REGIONS
WHERE RELEASED
COMMENTS
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
Leaf buckle mite
Aceria sp.
Induces the formation of galls on developing leaves causing
distorted leaf growth.
AMLR, SAMDB, SE
Not available for community distribution due to variable establishment and lack
of eld collection sites.
Bridal creeper
Asparagus asparagoides
Leafhopper
Zygina sp.
Adult and nymph feed on leaves, bleaching leaves and
defoliating plants.
AMLR, EP, KI, NY,
SAMDB, SE
Insects available from SE Natural Resources Management Region eld sites in
most years.
Rust fungus
Puccinia myrsiphylli
Fungus infects leaves, stems reducing above ground plant
biomass.
AMLR, EP, KI, NY,
SAMDB, SE
Use spore water technique for distribution. Rust available in most regions.
Leaf beetle
Crioceris sp.
Larva feed on young shoots, leaves during early stage of the
season
EP, SE, AMLR
Not available for community distribution due to variable establishment and lack
of eld collection sites.
Cape broom
Genista monspessulana
Cape broom psyllid
Arytinnis hakani
Nymph feeds on leaves & buds, sucking sap AMLR, SAMDB, SE
Psyllid is well distributed across most of the range. Check plants rst for nymphs
and adults and characteristic sugar deposits at growing tips. Tie a cutting
infested with psyllid nymphs and adults onto uninfected plants.
Drooping tree pear
Opuntia monacantha
Cochineal
Dactylopius sp.
Adult female bug sucks sap AMLR
Engelmanns prickly pear
Opuntia engelmannii
Cochineal
Dactylopius sp.
Adult female bug sucks sap SAAL Variable establishment and impact
WEED COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
AGENT COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
WHERE RELEASED
COMMENTS
English broom
Cytisus scoparius
Broom twig mining moth
Leucoptera spartifoliella
Larva mines (bores into) stems AMLR Not available for community distribution due to lack of eld collection sites.
Broom psyllid
Arytainilla spartiophila
Adult and nymph feed on buds or shoots by sucking sap AMLR, SAMDB Not available for community distribution due to unknown establishment.
Gall mite
Aceria genistae
Mite induces leaf and ower galls potentially restricting
photosynthesis and ower production
AMLR, SAMDB Limited distribution in AMLR Natural Resources Region.
European blackberry
Rubus fruticosus agg.
Leaf rust fungus
Phragmidium violaceum
Rust infects leaves, defoliates plant AMLR, EP, SAMDB, SE
New strains not available for community distribution due to lack of eld
collection sites.
Gorse
Ulex europaeus
Seed weevil
Exapion ulicis
Larva feeds on developing seeds in pods over spring and
summer
AMLR, SAMDB
Well distributed across range. Open pods in late spring summer and check that
weevils are not already present.
Spider mite
Tetranychus lintearius
Mite colonies feed on leaves, extract cell contents bleaching
plants
AMLR, NY, SAMDB, SE
When collecting spider mite from the eld be sure to collect the last 5cm of an
infested branch to avoid redistributing known predators.
Thrips
Sericothrips staphylinus
Adults & juveniles suck out cell contents of leaves AMLR, SAMDB Not available for community distribution due to lack of eld collection sites
Soft-shoot moth
Agonopterix ulicetella
Caterpillars feed on new buds, shoots restricting growth AMLR Not available for community distribution due to early stage in release program.
Horehound
Marrubium vulgare
Horehound plume moth
Pterophorus spilodactylus
Larva feeds on growing tips, defoliates plant ALL
Collect leaves with larvae present in late spring early summer and deposit
leaves on to new plants.
Clear-wing moth
Chamaesphecia mysiniformis
Larva feeds on growing tissue in roots, stems SAAL, SAMDB
Not available for community distribution due to need for lab rearing. Insects will
distribute naturally from established release sites.
Hudson pear
Cylindropuntia rosea
Cochineal
Dactylopius tomentosus
Adult female bug sucks sap SAMDB, NY
Limited distribution, Long time lag before impact occurs. Variable control
depending on biotype and host provenance
Prickly pear
Opuntia stricta
Cochineal
Dactylopius opuntiae
Adult female bug sucks sap
AMLR, EP, NY, SAAL,
SAMDB
Varying levels of establishment
Cactoblastis
Cactoblastis cactorum
Caterpillars feed communally inside aerial parts of plant EP, NY, SAAL Varying levels of establishment. Doesnt appear to kill plants.
Salvation Jane
Echium plantagineum
Leaf mining moth
Dialectica scalariella
Larva mines leaves ALL Well distributed across most of acceptable climatic range.
Flea beetle
Longitarsus echii
Larva feeds on roots in winter and early spring
AMLR, EP, KI, NY, SAAL,
SAMDB, SE
Collect beetles with a sweep net in winter when plants at the rosette stage.
Contact the local Natural Resources Management Region for collect site
details.
Crown weevil
Mogulones larvatus
Larva feeds in growing rosette in autumn and winter
AMLR, EP, KI, NY, SAAL,
SAMDB, SE
Well distributed across most of acceptable climatic range. Check plants in
winter for characteristic black/purple goo in the centre of rosettes. Collect
adult weevils in summer with a sweep net from owers. Contact the local
Natural Resources Region for collect site details.
Root weevil
Mogulones geographicus
Larva feeds in roots in autumn and winter
AMLR, EP, KI, NY,
SAMDB, SE
Collect adult weevils in summer with a sweep net from owers. Contact the
local Natural Resources Region for collect site details limited sites available
Pollen beetle
Meligethes planiusculus
Adult & larva feed on developing seed in spring and early
summer
AMLR, EP, KI, NY,
SAMDB, SE
Collect adult beetles in spring with a sweep net from owers. Contact the local
Natural Resources Region for collect site details. Limited known sites available.
WEED COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
AGENT COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
WHERE RELEASED
COMMENTS
Skeleton weed
Chondrilla juncea
Gall midge
Cystiphora schmidti
Larva feeds on rosettes and owering stems EP Limited and variable (unconrmed) establishment
Rust fungus
Puccinia chondrillina
Rust infects leaves and stems EP, SAMDB
Limited and variable establishment. Only appears to attack one form of the
weed.
Slender thistle
Carduus tenuiorus
Rust fungus
Puccinia cardui-pycnocephali
Rust infects leaves & owering stems AMLR, SAMDB, SE Variable establishment and impact
Spear thistle
Cirsium vulgare
Spear thistle gall fy
Urophora stylata
Inducing galls in the ower head reducing seed production SE, SAMDB, AMLR
Thought to have naturally dispersed from Victoria into SE Natural Resources
Management region. Flies currently sourced from Victoria.
Velvet tree pear
Opuntia tomentosa
Cochineal
Dactylopius sp.
Adult female bug sucks sap AMLR
Wheel cactus
Opuntia robusta
Cochineal
Dactylopius sp..
Adult female bug sucks sap SAAL, SAMDB, NY Varying levels of establishment
White-spined prickly pear
Opuntia streptacantha
Cochineal
Dactylopius sp.
Adult female bug sucks sap SAMDB Limited distribution.
Willows
Salix spp.
Willow sawfy
Nematus oligospilus
Larva feeds on leaves AMLR, SAMDB Established but variable. No eld collection sites known. Not actively distributed.
HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS
Foliar spray
The foliar spray method involves spraying the foliage of the target plant,
usually to before the point of run-off (i.e. until each leaf is wetted but
not dripping) with a hand gun or boom spray. This method is suitable for
herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and vines where complete coverage can
be achieved. Foliar spray can be done in a number of ways depending on the
nature of the weed, the size of the infestation and the presence of off-target
plants.
Boom spraying involves the use of a boom spray unit attached to a vehicle
(4WD or tractor) to spray large areas of dense infestations or spray weeds
within crops and pastures where selective herbicides can be used to kill the
undesirable weeds and not the crop or pasture. Boom spray is suitable for
control of weeds up to 1m in height.
Spot spraying usually involves the use of either a hand held spray unit
with a pneumatic pump or vehicle mounted spray unit with electric or petrol
powered pump. The herbicide mix is delivered to the foliage of the plant via
a hand gun. Spot spray is useful for weeds at low to high densities or weeds
within desirable vegetation where the user can minimise off-target damage
through careful application.
Splatter gun method is a form of foliar spray where a splatter gun is used
to apply a low volume of concentrated herbicide mix to foliage. A specialised
nozzle produces a solid stream of large droplets of herbicide that can be
applied from a distance of 6-10 m away. Only a small portion of the foliage
needs to be sprayed so non-target damage can be minimised. This technique
is particularly useful in areas of difcult access and where water supply is
limited.
Wiper Application
Wiper application is used for control of weeds including tufted grasses that
grow higher than a crop or pasture species. The method involves applying
herbicide solution to an absorbent surface, such as a length of rope or wick.
The wetted surface is then used to wipe herbicide over the weed. The wetted
surface is usually attached to a small boom and passed over pastures at a
certain height to contact weeds that grow higher than the pasture species.
Cut stump method
This method is useful for vines, multi-stemmed shrubs and medium to large
trees, and even for some large herbs such as arum lily. The term cut and
swab is also often used to describe this method. The main stem(s) or trunk(s)
are cut off at their base by chainsaw, axe, brush cutter or machete and the
stump immediately (within 10-15 seconds) sprayed or painted with herbicide
mixture to the point of run-off. It is necessary to apply the herbicide promptly
before the plant begins to seal the cut preventing penetration of the herbicide
into the sap stream. The stump should be cut as close to the ground as
possible. For some species care must be taken to remove cut branch
fragments off and away from areas of moist soil such as a creek bed, swamp
or low lying area where they may regenerate.
Stem inject method
This method applies to woody trees and shrubs with a single stem and trunk
diameter of 5-10cm or greater. It involves cutting or drilling into the bark and
injecting herbicide into the sap stream.
Frill and ll method uses a narrow-bladed axe (5-7cm wide) to make a
horizontal cut the width of the blade at an angle of about 45 degrees through
the bark of the tree into the sap stream in the trunk. It is important not to
make cuts too deep. The herbicide is then immediately applied (within 3
seconds) into the cut.
Drill and ll method uses a cordless drill to drill (with a 9mm drill bit) 4cm
holes around the base of the tree into the sapwood. Holes should be about
4cm deep (or deeper for trees with thick bark), angled down at 45 degrees
and at 5-10 cm intervals. Herbicide is then immediately (within 3 seconds)
injected into the hole. It is necessary to inject the herbicide quickly before the
plant seals the cut, thus barring the chemical penetrating the sap stream.
For cactus species a sheep drenching needle (or equivalent) is used to inject
a measured dose of herbicide into the stem of the plants.
Basal bark method
This method is used to treat saplings and multi-stemmed shrubs and
regrowth with a basal diameter of less than 5 cm. The herbicide, usually
mixed with diesel or biodiesel at label rates, is applied to all sides of every
stem from ground up to a height of around 30cm. Stems should be dry,
free of re charring and not have debris (e.g. from oods) accumulated
around them.
Scrape and paint method
Scrape and paint is used for vines (e.g. blackberry) where it is desirable to
leave the vine intact or in sensitive areas such as native vegetation where it
is desirable to minimise risks to off-target species. A sharp knife is used to
scrape a thin layer of bark from a 15-30cm section of stem. Herbicide is then
immediately applied to the exposed sap tissue.
Pellet or granular soil application method
This method can be used to treat isolated outlying plants that are not easy
to treat using other methods. Herbicide pellets are evenly applied to the soil
under the target weed from the stem out to 30cm beyond the canopy drip
line. Pellets should not be thrown at the base of the tree trunk - this will
waste material and could result in poor control. The herbicide acts by moving
into the root zone of the weed following rain and from there it is absorbed by
the roots.
RECOMMENDED
HERBICIDES FOR
DECLARED PLANTS OF
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
When using herbicides it is important to consider a few key factors that will
increase effectiveness and reduce risks to users and non target plants.
These factors are:
Apply herbicide only when plants are actively growing,
Do not apply herbicides when the plant is under stress, e.g. extreme
heat or cold, drought, water-logging or disease,
Do not spray when wet or windy weather is anticipated,
Use herbicides only in situations specied on the label.
IMPORTANT: the herbicide recommendations provided in this book should
be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products
must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply
with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
WEED CONTROL ADVICE IS AVAILABLE FROM
ALL REGIONAL NRM OFFICES:
ADELAIDE AND MOUNT LOFTY
RANGES
dewnr.amlr@sa.gov.au
Regional ofce
Eastwood
205 Greenhill Road
Eastwood 5063
08 8273 9100
Regional ofce
Gawler
8 Adelaide Road
Gawler South 5118
08 8523 7700
Regional ofce
Lobethal
1 Adelaide Lobethal Road
Lobethal 5241
08 8389 5900
Regional ofce
Willunga
5 Aldinga Road
Willunga 5172
08 8550 3400
ALINYTJARA WILURARA
Natural Resources Ofce Adelaide
Level 2, 1 Richmond Road
Keswick 5035
08 8463 4860
Natural Resources Centre Ceduna
50B McKenzie Street
Ceduna 5690
08 8625 3706
EYRE PENINSULA
Iggy.Honan@sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Centre
Port Lincoln
86 Tasman Terrace
PO Box 22
Port Lincoln 5606
08 8688 3111
Natural Resources Centre Ceduna
50B McKenzie Street
PO Box 569
Ceduna 5690
08 8625 3144
KANGAROO ISLAND
rory.wiadrowski@sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Centre Kingscote
37 Dauncey Street
Kingscote 5223
PO Box 39
08 8553 4444
NORTHERN AND YORKE
DEWNR.NYNRMBoard@sa.gov.au
Natural Resource Centre
Clare
Unit 2/17 Lennon Street
Clare 5453
08 8841 3400
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN
ARID LANDS
SAAridlands@sa.gov.au
Level 1, 9 Mackay Street
PO BOX 78
Port Augusta 5700
08 8648 5300
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MURRAY
DARLING BASIN
SAMDBEnquiries@sa.gov.au
Berri
2 Wade Street
Berri 5343
08 8580 1800
Murray Bridge
110A Mannum Road
Murray Bridge 5253
08 8532 9100
SOUTH EAST
reception@senrm.sa.gov.au
South East
11 Helen Street
PO Box 1046
Mount Gambier 5290
08 87351177
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA 20
HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
TIMING COMMENTS LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted to 1:5 None
Cut stump note
1:1 provides the best
viscosity for sponge
application
July-Sept When actively growing
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L
Surfactant or
penetrant
Spot spray July-Sept
Repeat application will be required.
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr
(600g/L)
Roundup +
Garlon
M, I 333ml + 33ml/1L Penetrant Cut stump Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) +
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 1L + 10g/100L
Surfactant or
penetrant
Spot spray/cut stump
July-Sept
Prior to
berry set
and leaf fall
After good rains.
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/kg) Credit I 470-670ml/100L
Wetter (e.g.
Bonus)
Spot spray July-Sept
Repeat application will be required.
Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on large mature bushes.
Registered
hexazinone (250g/L) Velpar C Undiluted 4ml/spot None
Ground Spot
applicator
Rates are for bushes/trees up to 1m in height only. One spot for each individual
tree/bush unless otherwise indicated. Place spot between base and dripline of
the plant. Do not apply near desirable trees
Registered
picloram (20g/kg) Tordon Granules I 35 to 45g/m
2
None Granular application
Suitable for isolated outlying plants only. Do not apply if boxthorns are near
native vegetation or desirable plants.
Registered
picloram (75g/L) + 2,4D (300g/L) Tordon 75-D I 1.3L per 100L None Spot spray Small bushes only. Spray soil from base to drip line of plant Registered
tebuthiuron (200g/kg) Graslan C 2g per m
2
None Granular application
PER 10518
(exp.2018)
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None
Basal bark or cut
stump
Registered
(100g/L) + aminopyralid (8g/L)
Grazon Extra I 500ml per 100L None Spot spray
Less than
2m tall
Apply when have good leaf cover and growth, and no leaf fall Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None
Basal bark or cut
stump
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L None Spot spray July-Sept Plants up to 2 m
Registered
(Tas only)
African boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
WoNS
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS IN NATIVE VEGETATION. PASTURE WEED,
SPINES DAMAGE LIVESTOCK, VEHICLE TYRES.
Large shrub. Light green eshy leaves. Flowers are lilac-white with purple centre
blotches. Round red berries. Stems are much branched, rigid, and spine-tipped.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
A slow-working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season
add glyphosate for a faster kill.
Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
African feathergrass
Pennisetum macrourum
COMPETES WITH PASTURE. FIRE HAZARD
Perennial grass with large dense tussocks and long, slender ower heads.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) +
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 3L + 300-500ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix upropanate
with glyphosate.
Use higher rate if the weed is dense.
Apply to fresh foliage.
Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 300ml + 260ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 500ml + 260ml/10L Surfactant Wiper
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml/100L water Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.6L/10L water Surfactant Wiper Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
African lovegrass
Eragrostis curvula
COMPETES WITH PASTURE
Perennial grass with grey-green, spreading ower heads. Curled leaf tips.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 1.5-3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
A slow-working residual. A slow-working residual. Apply early in the season. If
spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
effectiveness.
to two years.
Registered (Tas
and WA only)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 150-300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper Jan-Mar
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
Surfactant Boom spray Jan-Mar
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
Surfactant Spot spray Jan-Mar
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Jan-Mar
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.3L/100L
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Jan-Mar
effectiveness.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml/100L
Surfactant or
penetrant
Spot spray Jan-Mar
effectiveness.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.6L/10L Surfactant Wiper Jan-Mar Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Manual Removal Grub individual plants Jan-Mar
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Use non-
ionic wetting
agent
10ml/10L
Spot spray & cut &
swab
When
actively
growing
PER 11813
(exp.2015)
Use non-
ionic wetting
agent
10ml/10L
Spot spray & cut &
swab
When
actively
growing
PER 11813
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted Cut stump
When
actively
growing.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When
actively
growing
before
ower
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Use non-
ionic wetting
agent
10ml/10L
Spot spray & cut &
swab
When
actively
growing
PER 11813
(exp.2015)
African rue
Peganum harmala
INVADES RANGELAND PASTURES UNPALATABLE
Bushy perennial with a bitter smell. Cream coloured 5-petalled owers. Leaves
divided into narrow straps.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Cut usually no herbicide
required
Cut Anytime
Cut as close to the ground or below the lowest branch. Regrowth usually does
not occur.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted None Drill and ll
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Aleppo pine
Pinus halepensis
NATURALISES AWAY FROM PLANTATIONS
Drought tolerant large tree. Branches have silvery bark, narrow needles in pairs, and
smooth reddish cones.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 3.5L/ha None Boom spray.
Hormone type treatment use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift
warnings on the label.
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not
apply near susceptible crops.
Prior to owering.
Registered
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 150ml/100L water None Spot spray
Prior to owering.
Registered
(75g/L) + aminopyralid (7.5g/L)
FallowBoss Tordon I 3.5l/Ha None Boom spray
Pre
owering
Registered
Alkali sida
Malvella leprosa
WEED OF PASTURES & CROPS.
Perennial herb. Olive green oval to fan-shaped leaves. Solitary pale yellow owers in
leaf axils. Cone or disc-shaped dry fruits.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report Report occurrences to the regional NRM Authority.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 10ml/1L None Spot Spray
Summer-
winter
Seek advice from an NRM Authority.
Suitable for use in waterways.
Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 10ml/1L Surfactant Spot spray
Summer-
winter
Do not apply surfactant if using near water. Nonselective, avoid contact with
desirable plants. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication
has been achieved
Registered
Manual removal Hand pull or dig out with machinery seek advice from an NRM Authority.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Summer-
winter
Apply in terrestrial situations only.
Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation
Registered
(NSW, Qld only)
Alligator weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides
WoNS AW
INVADES FLOODPLAINS & WATERWAYS
Aquatic perennial with creeping hollow stems, and papery,
white ball-shaped owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Penetrant or
surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Jun-Aug
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Asparagus fern
Asparagus scandens
WoNS
FORMS DENSE, IMPENETRABLE ROOT MATS. SMOTHERS NATIVE PLANTS.
INVADES INTACT & DISTURBED WOODLAND
Climber with perennial rhizome, narrowly lance-shaped cladodes in threes giving a
fern-line appearnace. Orange-red berries.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Jun-Aug
Controls bulb and vegetative growth.
Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L:3L Surfactant
Wiper sponge or
brush
Jun-Aug Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual removal.
Ensure that tubers are
removed totally.
Jun-Aug
Suitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil
disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practical.
Athel pine
Tamarix aphylla
WoNS
EXCLUDES NATIVE PLANTS IN RIPARIAN AREAS
Tree with weeping grey-green, needle-like foliage which exudes salt, and bearing
small, pinkish-white owers
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
uroxypyr (333g/L). Starane Advanced I 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Spring-
Autumn
Young plants less than 50cm tall.
PER 9936
(exp.2015)(NT)
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark/spot spray Anytime Young plants 0.5-2m tall. Permitted
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump Anytime
Medium to large trees.
Ensure cut branches are removed from the river bed and placed up on higher
ground where they will not reshoot.
Permitted
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None Basal bark/spot spray Anytime Young plants from 0.5 to 2m in height.
PER 9937
(exp.2016)
Cut stump/basal bark/
spot spray
When
actively
growing
Medium to large trees.
PER 9936
(exp.2015)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When
actively
growing
Juvenile athel pine from 50cm-2M.
PER 9936
(exp.2015)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted None Cut Stump
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Penetrant Spot spray
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant +
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 660-870ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Apply from
owering to
leaf fall
Use higher rates for plants larger than 2m.
Registered
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump/basal bark Anytime Medium to large trees. Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Azarola
Crataegus sinaica
GARDEN ESCAPE. ENVIRONMENTAL WEED IN THE ADELAIDE
& MOUNT LOFTY RANGES REGION.
Tree/shrub, with deeply lobed wedge shaped leaves. White/pinkish 5-petalled
owers, and shiny, rounded green berries maturing to red.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I
Rate depends on crop
type and crop stage
refer to label
Refer to
label
Boom spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Cropping refer to label
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560-1.7L/ha
Refer to
label
Boom spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Non-agricultural areas. When plants are young.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 17-22ml/10L Surfactant Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Spray seedlings only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup M 1.5-2.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Roundup + Ally M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Registered
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L) Touchdown M 700ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a
directed or shielded spray or wiper is used.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 2.8-4L/ha None Boom spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in
late ower.
Registered
Bathurst burr
Xanthium spinosum
BURRS CONTAMINATE WOOL. SPINY STEMS
Annual herb. Leaves dark green on top, and light green underneath.
Yellow spines.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 190-270ml/100L None Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in
late ower.
Registered
MCPA (750g/L) Agritone750 I 1.35L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Effective on young seedlings only.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5 or 7.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Before
ower
and burr
formation
Seedlings or before early owering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond
early owering or add glyphosate.
Registered
(NSW Only)
Bellyache bush
Jatropha gossypiifolia
WoNS
WEED OF DISTURBED WOODLANDS, CREEKLINES & WASTELAND.
TOXIC TO HUMANS & ANIMALS
Perennial shrub. Multi-stemmed, with conspicuous glandular hairs. Leaves on
long stalks, are palmate and sticky. Flowers are small, red in stalked clusters in t
he upper leaves. Shallow root system.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA,
and seek advice.
uroxypyr (333g/L) Starane Advanced I 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and
pastures.
Thoroughly cover both foliage and stems to the point of runoff.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and
pastures.
Registered (Qld
only)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) +
MCPA (750g/L)
Afnity Force +
Agritone750
G,I 100ml + 330ml/ha None Boom spray In cereal crops refer to label Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye only.
Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/L) Spinnaker 700WG B 70-100g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Pre-emergence in faba beans, eld peas Registered
Bifora
Bifora testiculata
CROP WEED. NATURALISED IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Annual herb with coriander-like smell, divided leaves, and small white owers in
umbrella-like clusters. Fruits resemble pair of testicles.
Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus sp. agg.
WoNS
FORMS IMPENETRABLE THICKETS. INVADES BUSHLAND.
AFFECTS PRIMARY PRODUCTION.
Scrambling perennial. White or pink owers followed by berries ripening to black.
Leaves have 3-5 leaets, short prickles on underside. Long stems/canes carry
numerous prickles.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1-1.3L/100L None
Spot Spray Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Nov-Apr
Suitable for use near waterways refer to label.
Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high.
Repeat applications will be required.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M undiluted None
Cut and paint the
canes paint brush
applicator
Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 250ml-1L/1L None
Cut stump note
application
Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas Registered
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (835g/kg) +
metsulfuron-methyl (10g/kg)
Trounce Brush-
Pack
M,B 173g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr
Apply from owering until prior to leaf yellowing.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L
Surfactant
(mineral crop
oil)
Spot spray Nov-Apr Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
Mowing/Slashing Mowing/Slashing
Slashing will not kill Blackberry but will improve the results of follow up
herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1 m high before
undertaking follow up spraying.
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 10L/ha
Surfactant or
penetrant
Boom spray Nov-Apr Doesnt damage clover Registered
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 350-500ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr
Use higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to
kill plants.
Registered
Grazon Extra I 350-500ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr
Use higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to
kill plants.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application.
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 650ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Aug
Prior to
owering
Agricultural non crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, pastures and
rights of way.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 1.2L/ha ? Boom spray
Sept-Feb (or
anytime of
year when
actively
growing)
prior to
owering
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 18ml/15L ? Spot spray
Sept-Feb (or
anytime of
year when
actively
growing)
prior to
owering
Registered
Bladder campion
Silene vulgaris
COMPETES WITH CROPS & PASTURES
Perennial herb with creeping roots. Balloon-like swellings below
white ower petals.
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
WoNS
INVADES BUSHLAND. FORMS DENSE, EXTENSIVE INFESTATIONS WHICH
SMOTHERS OTHER VEGETATION.
Woody erect shrub. Bright green, waxy leaves with some white down. Green-black
round berries.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Burn Dense large infestations burn area and treat seedlings (seek advice)
Cut stump note
application
Any time
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Aug-Sep Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant +
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Aug-Sep
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual Removal Manual Removal Pull out by hand; ensure that the root system is removed.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L
Penetrant or
a mineral oil
Spot spray Aug-Sep Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Penetrant or
surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Jun-Aug
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
Controls bulb and vegetative growth.
Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Wiper sponge or
brush
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual removal.
removed totally.
Jun-Aug
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 1.5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Jun-Aug
Not suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up
application over at least 2 years will be required.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Jun-Aug
Registered
Bridal creeper
Asparagus asparagoides
WoNS
SMOTHERS NATIVE VEGETATION. INVADES BUSHLAND
Perennial creeper. Grows annually from perennial root system. Red round berries.
Soil tubers are arranged like horizontal rope.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Penetrant or
surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Jun-Aug
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective, avoid
contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Wiper sponge or
brush
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual removal.
removed totally.
Jun-Aug
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 1.5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Jun-Aug
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Jun-Aug
Registered
Bridal veil
Asparagus declinatus
WoNS
SMOTHERS NATIVE VEGETATION. INVADES BUSHLAND.
Perennial creeper. Grows annually from perennial root system. Thick, underground
mat of tubers. Greenish-white oval berries.
Broad-kernel espartillo
Amelichloa caudata
AW
THREATENS NATURAL GRASSLANDS. COLONISES DISTURBED AREAS.
INVADES RIPARIAN VEGETATION.
Perennial stipoid grass. Forms dense tussocks. Resembles native spear grasses
with branched seed heads. Leaves are narrow and ribbed on both sides. Seeds
awned and surrounded at the base by a crown of bristles.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
Not yet known to occur in SA.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
Surfactant Boom spray
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
Use higher glyphosate rate during late seed development or if the weed is
dense.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
Surfactant Spot spray
with glyphosate.
Use higher rate during if the weed is dense.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml/100L water Surfactant Spot spray
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Manual removal Grub individual plants
Inform your local NRM ofce. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until
eradication has been achieved
Broomrapes
Orobanche spp. O.ramosa, O. cernua var. cernua,
O. aegyptiaca, O. minor
AW
PARASITIC ON BROAD-LEAVED CROPS
Annual. Leaess, tan-coloured owering stem emerges from underground tuber.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
paraquat (135g/L) + diquat
(115g/L)
SpraySeed 250 L
Rate is host dependant,
consult label.
Surfactant Boom/spot spray Control host plants. Registered
consult label.
None Boom/spot spray
Control host plants.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I
consult label.
Surfactant Boom/spot spray Control host plants Registered
umetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike B
consult label.
Surfactant Boom spray Control host plants prior to the growing season. Registered
consult label.
Surfactant Spot spray Non crop areas. Control host plants. Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M
consult label.
Control host plants.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B
consult label.
Surfactant Boom/spot spray
Control host plants. Post emergent.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Dec-Mar
After
summer
rains
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 3L + 300-500ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Bufel grass
Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus pennisetiformis
WIDESPREAD WEED OF ROADSIDES, CREEKLINES.
EXCLUDES NATIVE VEGETATION. FIRE HAZARD,
DETRIMENTAL TO ECOTOURISM.
Perennial tussock grass. Inorescence is cylindrical with purplish spikelets,
seen most of the year.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 300ml + 260ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 500ml + 260ml/10L Surfactant Wiper
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Bulbil watsonia
Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera
INVADES BUSHLAND. UNPALATABLE
Large perennial herb. Fibrous tough, strap leaves. Trumpet-shaped/tubular dull
orange owers. Produces numerous deciduous bulblets clustered along the lower
ower spike.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 15ml/1L Canola oil
Sponge application
(tongs of death)
Sep-Late
Nov
Suitable for use near waterways refer to label. Use higher rate for plants
1-2m high.
Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable
plants.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1L/3L None
Sponge application
(tongs of death)
Sep-Late
Nov
Suitable for use near waterways refer to label. Use higher rate for plants
1-2m high.
Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable
plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/3L None
Sponge application
(tongs of death)
Sep-Late
Nov
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Sponge application
(tongs of death)
Sep-Late
Nov
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Sep-Late
Nov
Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to
spraying will increase effectiveness.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Sep-Late
Nov
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L water Surfactant Spot spray
Sep-Late
Nov
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Bundy blackberry
Rubus laudatus
NOT PRESENT IN SA. FORMS IMPENETRABLE THICKETS. INVADES
BUSHLAND AND PASTURE.
Spiny climbing shrub similar to blackberry.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA,
and seek advice.
Cut and paint the
canes paint brush
applicator
Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA
to conrm identication and obtain advice.
manual removal
Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
WoNS
INVADES PONDS, SHALLOW LAKES & SLOW MOVING STREAMS.
Bright green submerged stems with divided leaves. Tiny white owers
just above water level.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M
Undiluted. 1ml every
4th Pad
None Stem inject
When
actively
growing
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Suitable for species such as
O. robusta and O. engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
Registered
Manual Removal
Deep burial under 1m
of topsoil
When
actively
growing
All fragments must be removed, collected and buried. Any fragments that are
left or spilt during transport to the burial site will regrow.
MSMA (800g/L) Daconate Z 1L/40L Water Surfactant Spot spray
When
actively
growing
Thoroughly cover all pad surfaces. Apply in summer using a power sprayer
when air temp is above 30C.
Registered
Cacti (prickly pear/wheel cactus)
Cylindropuntia & Opuntia spp. (except O. fcus-indica)
WoNS
DENSE INFESTATIONS COMPETE WITH NATIVE VEGETATION.
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS INJURIOUS TO PEOPLE & ANIMALS.
Succulent, spined perennials with pad-like stems. Often have large owers
of various colours. Most produce eshy colourful fruits.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
MSMA (800g/L) Daconate Z
Undiluted. 2 and 4ml
every 4th Pad
None Stem inject
When
actively
growing
Non-arable and pastoral areas. Suitable for species such as O. robusta and O.
engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
PER 9362
(exp.2017)
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark
When
actively
growing
Registered
Grazon Extra I 500ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When
actively
growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 800ml/60L diesel None Basal bark
When
actively
growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I Undiluted None Drill and ll
When
actively
growing
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 3L/100L
Surfactant
(Spray oil
1%)
Spot spray
When
actively
growing
Registered
Calomba daisy
Oncosiphon suffruticosum
INVADES ANNUAL PASTURES. UNPALATABLE
Annual herb. Finely divided leaves which give a feather-like appearance. First leaves
form a small rosette. Strong camomile smell. Flowers are small and yellow in groups
of ball-shaped heads at the top of the stems.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 360ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Apply prior
to owering
Pasture topping. Seed set reduction only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml-1.2/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Apply prior
to owering
Non selective. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture. Use higher rates for larger
plants.
Registered
Apply prior
to owering
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Roundup + Ally M,B
800-1000ml + 5-7g/
ha
Surfactant Boom spray Sep
Fallow/pre crop knockdown. Wheat, barley, triticale and cereal rye. Apply when
plants are small. Use higher rates for larger or dense weeds.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 5g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sep-Oct
Post crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, triticale and cereal rye. Apply
when plants are small.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I check label
Refer to
label
Boom spray Oct-Feb
After summer rains.
Pastures and non cropping areas. Spray young plants.
Registered
Competition
Caltrop does not like competition from other plants. Maintenance of good
ground cover will help to signicantly reduce the germination of Caltrop.
25g/ha at 200L water/
ha
Boom spray
Sep-Apr
Before seed
set
Pre-emergence. Pastures. Registered
umetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike B 25g/100L Spot spray
Sep-Apr
Before seed
set
Rosette stage prior to running. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.6-2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Sep-Apr
Before seed
set
Sep-Apr
Before seed
set
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Caltrop
Tribulus terrestris
TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK. SPINY FRUITS.
Prostrate annual herb. Bluish leaves split into leaets. Yellow owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 400-600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Sept-Apr
Before seed
set
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Cane needlegrass
Nassella hyalina
AW
FORMS DENSE INFESTATIONS IN NATIVE GRASSLANDS.
SHARP SEEDS ARE INJURIOUS TO PEOPLE & ANIMALS.
Perennial stipoid grass. Leaves are linear, at or rolled inwards. Seedhead is an
open panicle with many ower spikelets, producing hard, nut-like stem seeds
(cleistogenes) with the leaf sheath. Seeds have a long awn, which is twice bent.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Inform your local NRM ofce. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1-1.3L/100L
None if
using within
or near
waterways.
Penetrant
if using
away from
waterways
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Sept-De.
Prior to pod
formation
Registered
Cut stump - note 1:1
provides the best
application
Any time
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Cape broom
Genista monspessulana
WoNS
INVADES BUSHLAND. FIRE HAZARD.
Erect, evergreen, woody, leguminous shrub. Leaves with three leaets.
Yellow pea owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Roundup + Brush-
off
Sept-Dec
Prior to pod
formation
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 250ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Sept-Dec
Prior to pod
formation
Use higher rate of 35oml/100L if spraying in autumn or winter. Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Any time
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Sept-Dec
Prior to pod
formation
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D (475g/L) + metsulfuron-
methyl (600g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Ally
I,B 1.65L + 5g/ha None Wiper Jul-Sept
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Conquest
chlorsulfuron 750
WG
B 20g/ha Boom/spot spray Jul-Sept Dense infestations
Registered (WA
only)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1:05 Penetrant Foliar wipe Jul-Sept Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 5g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Jul-Sept
Fallow or prior to crop planting.
Registered
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Jul-Sept
Registered
Cape tulip (one and two leaved)
Moraea faccida and Moraea miniata
TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK. SERIOUS PASTURE WEED.
Winter annual. Grows from corms. M. accida has one long, at leaf. M. miniata has
two or three leaves per plant and clusters of small eshy bulbils in the leaf axils. Pink
to orange owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 1g/100L Penetrant Wiper Jul-Sept
Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 1L/100L Spot spray Jul-Sept
Spray at ower bayonet emergence.
Follow up treatments as required at or before owing.
Most effective just prior to owering (July August).
Seed set suppression only.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Manual Removal
Grub or hand pull
individual plants and
ensure that bulbs are
removed. Isolated
plants only.
Jul-Sept Plant will not re-grow if cut off at the base
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 5g/ha Surfactant
Boom spray and Spot
Spray
Jul-Sept
In pastures tolerant to metsulfuron-methyl (no good in clover based pastures).
Do not spray under susceptible trees. Spray early in the season to kill young
plants. Add glyphosate if spraying late in the season to suppress seed set.
Registered
Cats claw creeper
Dolichandra unguis-cati
WoNS
SMOTHERS NATIVE VEGETATION IN TROPICAL AUSTRALIA.
Vine. Leaves have two leaets with 3-clawed tendril growing between them.
Large bright yellow bell-shaped owers. Long, narrow pods containing
numerous papery seeds.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Manual removal
Not a weed in SA, but gardeners may nd it necessary to remove an unwanted
plant.
Cut stems and dispose; dig out the large tubers at the base of plant
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
uazifop-p (128g/kg) Fusilade Forte A 1.7-3.3L/ha
Surfactant
(Supercharge
1% (1L/100L))
Boom spray
Legume pastures and Lucerne only. No not cut or graze for at least 6 weeks.
Seed set suppression only.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Chilean needlegrass
Nassella neesiana
WoNS
INVADES PASTURES & BUSHLAND. SPINY SEEDS
Perennial grass. Purplish owering heads. Seeds awned, surrounded at
the base by a crown of bristles.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Will give varied results Suppression only.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Manual Removal Grub individual plants Outliers only
Common lantana
Lantana camara
WoNS
FORMS DENSE IMPENETRABLE THICKETS IN SOME PARTS OF AUSTRALIA.
TAKES OVER BUSHLAND & PASTURE. TOXIC TO STOCK. FIRE HAZARD.
Much-branched scrambling shrub. Flowers have various colour combinations,
cream, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple. Leaves are rough, hairy with a pungent
smell when crushed. Fruit ripens from green to shiny purple-black.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Manual removal
Not a weed in SA, but gardeners may nd it necessary to remove unwanted
plants.
Cut, grub out and dispose; machinery may be needed to remove large plants.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray July-Oct
Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces 1000-2000
L/Ha.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-Oct
L/Ha.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
upropanate (745g/L) Tussock J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper July-Oct
Once per season.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 3L + 300-500ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray July-Oct
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 200ml + 1.6L/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-Oct
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Coolatai grass
Hyparrhenia hirta
FIRE HAZARD. INVADES PASTURES & BUSHLAND
Perennial grass. Large grass. V-shaped pairs of spikelets on branched
owering stems.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M 500ml + 260ml/10L Surfactant Wiper July-Oct
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sept-May
L/Ha.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.6L/100L water Surfactant Spot spray Sept-May
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.6L/10L water Surfactant Wiper Sept-May
2-3 repeat treatments will be necessary.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual removal
Pull out individual
plants
Manual removal
Creeping knapweed
Rhaponticum repens
Perennial herb. Has creeping roots, blue-green leaves, and pinkish-purple
thistle owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 1.3L/100L None Spot spray
Soil Residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation. Do not apply near
susceptible crops.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 4L/ha ? Boom spray Pastures and fallow. Post emergent. Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 500ml/100L ? Spot spray Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Dec-Jan Non-crop situations Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Repeat application as required. Suppression only.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 650ml/100L None Spot spray
Prior to
owering
Soil residue do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply
near susceptible crops.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 145ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-Sept
Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
methyl (600g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Ally
I 145ml + 7g/100L None Spot spray
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.7L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 115ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance. Registered
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 5-7g/100L None Spot spray
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Manual removal Manual Removal Suitable for individual plants and small infestations
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 140ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom Spray.
Spray actively growing plant up to owering.
Repeat treatment may be required.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Spray actively growing plant up to owering.
Repeat treatment may be required.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L) +
MCPA (500g/L)
Ally + MCPA
500
B, I 7g + 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label.
Hormone type herbicide use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if
spray drift is likely.
Registered
Cutleaf mignonette
Reseda lutea
Perennial herb with creeping roots. Yellow owers in erect spikes,
and cylindrical seed capsules.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority and obtain advice.
Burn to kill the host plant and
destroy the seed bank.
Burn to kill the host and destroy the seed bank
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1:100L Spot spray
To kill the host plant.
Registered
(host
dependant)
Roundup + Brush-
Off
M,B 800ml + 3-5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
To kill the host plants, fallow pre-crop, non agricultural areas.
Registered
(host
dependant)
Dodder
Cuscuta spp.
AW
PARASITIC ON LUCERNE & OTHER CROPS
Annual parasitic creeper. Twining, leaess, yellow/red/pink stems.
Small bell-shaped owers.
Dog rose
Rosa canina
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS. CAUSES LOSS OF PASTURE PRODUCTION.
Similar to sweet briar, but distinguished by smooth ower stalks and fruit.
Large deciduous shrub. Erect or scrambling with prickly stems and leaves.
Scented single pink owers. Red to almost black fruits (hips) and leaves smell
like apples when crushed.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Basal Bark or cut
stump
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1.5-2L/100L None
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if using
near aquatic areas
Oct-Jan
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted to 1:4 None Cut stump Apply to cut stump immediately
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml-1L + 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 1-1.35L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Oct-Jan
Use higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m.
Registered
Manual removal Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 350ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan For plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1:30 diesel None Cut stump
forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted - 1L/1L None
provides the best
application
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
English/Scotch broom
Cytisus scoparius
WoNS
INVADES BUSHLAND.
Erect, summer-deciduous, woody leguminous shrub. Green, ridged stems.
Large, yellow pea owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spray
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 250-350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
Registered
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Sept-Dec
prior to pod
formation
Registered
Eurasian water milfoil
Myriophyllum spicatum
AW
DISPLACES NATIVE AQUATIC SPECIES. FORMS DENSE MATS THAT ALTER LIGHT & TEMPERATURE LEVELS OF
WATER BODIES.
Perennial aquatic herb. Emergent ower spike with tiny pink 4-petalled owers. Not free-oating as the underwater stems are
rooted to the base. Leaves are submerged, feathery and olive-green.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA to
conrm identication and obtain advice. This species is not yet known
to occur in Australia but many native water milfoils look very similar.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Establish competitive pastures.
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Mechanical Blade plough or disc
ZoliarDF norurazon (800g/kg) F 2.5 - 5kg/ha Boom spray
Pre emergence, selective residual herbicide. Citrus, vines, nuts, pome and Stone
fruit crops only. Rate is Crop specic, refer to label.
Registered
(This is the
only registered
product for
false caper)
False caper
Euphorbia terracina
UNPALATABLE TO LIVESTOCK
Perennial herb. Erect, reddish stems containing milky sap, with green,
cup-shaped owers.
Field bindweed
Convolvulus arvensis
A WEED OF CROPS, PASTURE & WASTELAND
Perennial herb. Trailing/twining stems. Leaves oval, oblong to arrowhead shaped.
Flowers are white and funnel-shaped.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 1.3L/100L No Spot spray
Apply during budding.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L:100L Spot spray
Dec-Feb
Just on
owing
After good summer rains, follow up, treatment required.
Registered
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 5.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Non-crop
Registered
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Non-crop
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 2L/ha
None (in
crop).
Surfactant
(for
knockdown)
Boom spray
Non-crop
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 1L/500L Surfactant Spot spray
Registered
Field garlic
Allium vineale
DIFFICULT TO CONTROL. PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS.
Perennial herb. Leaves are subcylindrical and hollow. Loose inorescences
with bell-shaped, pink or greenish owers and numerous bulbils on erect,
cylindrical, hollow stems.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Fireweed is not yet known in SA but occurs in the eastern States.
bromoxynil (200g/L) +
diufenican(25g/L) + liquid
hydrocarbon (416g/L) +
n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)
Jaguar C,F 500ml Boom spray
Up to the
four leaf
stage
Pastures clover and/or Lucerne based, including cover crops in vineyards. Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) Nufarm amicide 625 I 2-2.5l/ha Surfactant Spot spray
Pastures
PER 10462
(exp.2016)
When
owering
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, forests, pastures and rights
of way.
Registered
Fireweed
Senecio madagascariensis
WoNS
POISONOUS TO LIVESTOCK. OPPORTUNISTIC WEED OF OPEN BUSHLAND,
DEGRADED PASTURES, AND OTHER DISTURBED AREAS. NOT PRESENT IN
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Annual or biennial herb with much-branched stems. Variable shaped leaves are
stem-clasping. Yellow owerheads in loose cluster, have 12-15 orets and are
enclosed by bracts.
Flax-leaf broom
Genista linifolia
WoNS
GARDEN ESCAPE. INVADES ROADSIDES, PASTURE & DISTURBED SITES.
Perennial shrub. Soft hairy ribbed stems. Stalkless leaets are dark to grey-green,
and paler and hairy underneath. Clusters of bright yellow owers at the tips of
branches. Pods are densely hairy.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 300ml/100L Spot spray
Apply during budding.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L None Spot spray
Sept-Dec
Prior to pod
formation
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Grazon Extra I 250 or 350ml/100L None Spot spray
When
owering
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, forests, pastures and rights
of way.
Use 250ml/10l during spring to mid-summer and 350ml/100lt in autumn or
winter
Registered
Gamba grass
Andropogon gayanus
WoNS
FORMS DENSE STANDS IN TROPICAL AUSTRALIA. GENERATES HOT FIRES
Perennial grass. Stems and leaves are hairy. Loosely branched hairy inorescences
held high above the leaves.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
PER 11463
(exp.2014)
(QLD)
Registered
under
environmental
weeds
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Burning Fire
Fire can be useful in reducing dense thickets of gorse to allow follow-up
spraying of regrowth. Seek advice.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1L/100L
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Dec-Apr
Registered
provides the best
application
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Neat to 1:1 None Drill and ll
Registered
(under general
weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Sept-Feb Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant +
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray Dec-Apr
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Mowing/Slashing Slashing
Slashing will not kill gorse but may improve the results of follow up herbicide
treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1 m high before
undertaking follow up spraying.
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 250ml/100L surfactant Spot spray Sept-Feb
Use higher rate of 350ml/100L if plants are taller than 1.5 metres or if treating
in autumn. If treating in winter use rate of 500ml/100L.
Registered
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170m-350ml/100L
Surfactant or
penetrant
Spot spray Dec-Apr Use higher rates for older larger plants. Registered
Gorse
Ulex europaeus
WoNS
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS. CAN HARBOUR FERAL ANIMALS.
Large spiny, much branched woody leguminous shrub. Leaves are spine-like.
Large, yellow pea owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 1.3L/100L None Spot spray June-Aug
apply near susceptible crops. May require repeat applications.
Registered
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 1.8L + 1.2L/ha Boom spray
Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to sowing a
crop. Treat from late rosette to early owering
Registered
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 120ml + 800ml/100L None Spot spray
Spray at Rosette stage. Silver leaf night shade and other deep rooted
perennials, cut leaf, hoary cress if spraying with glyphosate
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I check label None Boom spray June-Aug
Cereal crops
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 2.9L/ha (check label) None Boom spray
June-Aug
Spray
rosettes
prior to
owering
Registered
600ml/100L (check
label)
None Spot spray
June-Aug
Spray
rosettes
prior to
owering
Registered
Cultivation and pasture
management increase
competition
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean B 20g/ha Surfactant
Apply when plants are
fully emerged
June-Aug
Post crop and weed emergence.
Suppression in crops.
Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
Hoary cress
Cardaria draba
Perennial herb with creeping roots. Stems topped with clusters of white owers.
Heart-shaped seed capsules.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
dicamba (500g/L) + 2,4-D
(625g/L)
Kamba 500 + 2,4-
D amine 625
I 280ml + 800ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray June-Aug Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray June-Aug
Apply from late July to September when plants are in rosette to owering stage.
Registered
June-Sept
Rosette to
owering
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants.
Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may
increase kill rate.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) +
2,4-D amine 625 +
Ally
I,B 500mls + 5g/100L Surfactant Spot Spray Sept-Nov
Use on mature plants.
Make sure plants are thoroughly wet.
Registered
2,4-D ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D ester 600 I 900ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Aug-Sept
Hormone type herbicide use with extreme caution near sensitive crops refer
to drift warnings on the label.
Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only.
increase kill rate.
Registered
2,4-D ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D ester 600 I 1.3 - 3.7L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Aug-Sept
increase kill rate.
Registered
Horehound
Marrubium vulgare
COMPLETES WITH PASTURES. UNPALATABLE.
Perennial herb. Stems and leaves densely covered in white hairs.
Aromatic, crinkled leaves. Burrs.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D ester 600 I 130-370ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Aug-Sept
Use higher rates on larger plants and lower rates on seedlings.
increase kill rate.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 1.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Non crop.
Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants.
increase kill rate.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 80ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2-3L/ha Penetrant Boom spray
Seedlings and young plants only.
increase kill rate.
Registered
Penetrant
or a double
wetter
Spot spray
Young plants only.
increase kill rate.
Registered
Roundup
Powermax + Ally
increase kill rate.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Manual Removal Manual Removal
Grub individual plants, ensuring the complete removal of the root system
from the soil. Plough infested area, ensuring plants are turned over with roots
completely removed from the soil. Follow up control on any new growth.
Seedlings only.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
and obtain advice.
Manual removal Grub individual plants.
Report to NRM authorities rst. Grub and follow up with inspections after 6 and
12 months; horsetail has rhizomes that may be 2 metres deep.
Horsetail
Equisetum spp.
AW
COMPETITIVE. TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK
Perennial. Creeping roots. Erect, hollow, nely ribbed shoots which bear
fruiting cones.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
uazifop-p (212g/kg) Fusilade WG A 1.24L/ha ? Boom spray Dec-Jan Grass selective. If growing amongst broadleaf crops or pastures. Registered
uazifop-p (212g/kg) Fusilade WG A 2.4L/ha ? Spot spray Dec-Jan
Citrus crops refer to label. Grass selective. If growing amongst broadleaf
crops or pastures.
Registered
glufosinate-ammonium (200g/L) Basta N 500ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan
forests
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml-1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan
Non selective avoid contact with desirable plants.
Use higher rates on larger plants.
Follow up treatment will be required.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Innocent weed
Cenchrus incertus & C. longispinus
BURRED SEEDS INJURE ANIMALS
Annual grass - summer growing. Short stature with bent, reddish stemmed bases.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Grazing Dec-Jan Stop seed set
Manual Removal Grub individual plants
Dispose securely to avoid dropping burrs. Follow up in the next season or after
summer rains.
trifuralin (480g/kg) trifuralin 480 D
1.2L/ha (light and
medium soils) 1.7L/ha
(heavy soils)
Boom spray Dec-Jan
Crops. Pre emergent herbicide. Spray before seed set. Spray from 6 weeks to
just before sowing takes place.
Registered
Khaki weed
Alternanthera pungens
INVADES PASTURES. SPINY SEEDS
Prostrate, summer growing annual or perennial herb. Large root system. Oval to
circular leaves. Inconspicuous owers are surrounded by pale spine-tipped bracts.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 320-560ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Fallow. Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 600ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage.
Registered (WA
only)
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 9ml/15L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage.
Registered (WA
only)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/1L Cut stump
Providing the burrs are not mature. Cut plants off at the crown of the roots and
apply immediately to the fresh cut on the roots. Zero weed wand or paint brush
application is useful
Registered
(under general
weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Spot spray
Wont kill the root system, ongoing treatment required.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Ensure the complete removal of the tuber & root system. Dig beside the root
100 mm down or more.
Destroy any burrs found.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Manual removal
Dredge plants out of
water and dispose by
composting.
Seek advice from the regional NRM Authority rst. Monitor site and undertake
follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Manual removal Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved
Lagarosiphon
Lagarosiphon major
AW
SERIOUS THREAT TO RESERVOIRS & OTHER STORAGE SYSTEMS,
RIVER & LAKES.
Aquatic freshwater herb. Free oating in deep water. Leaves are stiff and curve
downwards, and are alternately arranged in a spiral on the stems.
Leafy elodea
Egeria densa
AW
INVADES PONDS, SHALLOW LAKES & SLOW MOVING STREAMS.
Aquatic freshwater perennial herb. Stems are buoyant and root at lower nodes.
Narrow, oblong leaves in whorls of 3-8. White owers attached to long thread-like
stems oat on surface of water.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 145ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-Sept
Registered
methyl (600g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Ally
I 145ml + 7g/100L None Spot spray
Registered
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 115ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean B 15-20g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Use lower rate for pre emergent treatment and higher rates post crop and weed
emergence.
Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye. Do not use near desirable trees and
other vegetation.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean B 20g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation. Registered
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 5-7g/100L None Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may
damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
warnings on the label. Apply at rosette stage. Pre harvest knock down.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
In crop cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage
desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
In crop cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage
desirable vegetation.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
Ally + MCPA
500
B, I 7g + 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Non crop areas.
For rates within crops refer to label.
Hormone type herbicide use with caution near sensitive crops.
Do not spray if spray drift is likely.
For rates within crops refer to label.
Registered
Lincoln weed
Diplotaxis tenuifolia
COMPETITIVE. UNPALATABLE.
Deep-rooted perennial herb. Yellow, 4-petalled owers. Tastes like rocket.
Madeira vine
Anredera cordifolia
WoNS
GARDEN ESCAPE. WEED OF BUSHLAND, COASTAL ZONES, RAINFOREST,
WATERCOURSES & DISTURBED SITES.
Creeper. Fleshy green leaves. Drooping spikes of small, white, fragrant owers.
Warty aerial tubers on the branches resemble root ginger.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Manual removal
Cut stems and grub out
the tubers at their base.
Grub individual plants and monitor regrowth.
picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant Herbicide Gel I 3-5mm thick layer of gel None Cut stump Anytime Cut stump and apply gel immediately. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted None Cut stump
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml+ 10g/100L
Penetrant +
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump/basal bark Anytime medium to large trees. Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L Diesel None Cut stump
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
May or hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
INVADES BUSHLAND.
Winter deciduous shrub or small tree. Spined branches and lobed leaves.
White, apple blossom owers. Red, round eshy fruits.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
and obtain advice.
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark Anytime
Suitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the
trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to
100cm.
Registered
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump Anytime Suitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump. Registered
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
spring
-summer
Do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered
Mesquite
Prosopis spp.
WoNS AW
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS.
Shrubs and trees. Bipinnate leaves. Long dense yellow ower clusters. Beaded pods.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
and obtain advice.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Mexican feathergrass
Nassella tenuissima
AW
COMPETES WITH PASTURES. SPINY SEEDS
Perennial grass. Thin, tightly rolled, nely serrated leaves.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D LVE (680g/L) 2,4-D LVE 680 I 800ml/Ha
Refer to
label
Boom spray
warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas.
Registered
diquat 115g/L+135g/L paraquat
Farmoz Spray &
Sow
L
1.6-3.2L/Ha dependent
on level of cultivation
Refer to
label
Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (470g/L) Weedmaster DST M
minimum 1.4L/ha,
Refer to label
Refer to
label
Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
metosulam 100g/L +MCPA LVE
500g/L
Eclipse + MCPA LVE B
35-50ml/Ha+350-
500ml/Ha
Refer to
label
Boom spray Registered
Muskweed
Myagrum perfoliatum
COMPETITIVE WEED OF BROADACRE CROPS.
Annual herb. Variable shaped leaves are stem-clasping. Yellow owers occur in
spikes. Fruit is club-shaped, ridged and slightly warty.
Noogoora burr
Xanthium strumarium spp. agg.
BURRS CONTAMINATE WOOL. COMPETITIVE.
Summer-growing annual herb with grapevine-like leaves.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Rate depends on crop
type and crop stage -
refer to label
Boom spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Cropping refer to label
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560-1.7L/ha
Refer to
label
Boom spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 17-22ml/10L Surfactant Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1L/100L
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Suitable for use near waterways refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact
with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup M 1.5-2.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to planting a
crop or pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Roundup + Ally M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Registered
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L) Touchdown M 700ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a
directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. Non selective, avoid contact with
desirable plants.
Registered
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 2.8-4L/ha None Boom spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rates on larger plants or
plants in late ower.
Registered
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 190-270ml/100L None Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rate on late owering or
larger plants.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
MCPA (750g/L) Agritone750 I 1.35L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
warnings on the label. Spray young seedlings only.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5 or 7.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
When actively
growing and
before ower
and burr
formation
Seedlings or before early owering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond
early owering or add glyphosate. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable
vegetation.
Registered
(NSW only)
Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass
Cyperus rotundus
INVADES CROPS & DISTURBED SITES AROUND HABITATION.
LISTED AS ONE OF THE WORLDS WORST WEEDS.
Perennial rhizomatous herb. Inorescences on 60 cm stems.
Produces characteristic tubers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 10ml/1L None
Spot spray Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1/100 Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
methyl bromide (1000g/kg)
fumigant
Methyl Bromide
1000 Fumigant
8A 100g/square meter None Fumigant Dangerous gas, use with caution. Registered
MSMA (800g/L) Daconate Z
12L/ha (in 500L of
water)
None Boom spray Non-crop. Repeat application will be required. Registered
MSMA (800g/L) Daconate Z 1L/100L None Spot spray Repeat application will be required. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Neat None Cut stump Effective on smaller plants only
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted to 1:1 None Drill and ll
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr
(600g/L)
Roundup +
Garlon
M, I 333ml + 33ml/1L Penetrant Cut stump Registered
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant +
Surfactant
(spray oil)
Spot spray
Follow up control may be required.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L:1L None Cut stump/drill and ll
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 15g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None Basal bark Plants up to 5cm basal diameter Registered
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Spot spray
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Olive (feral)
Olea europaea (excluding cultivated trees)
INVADES BUSHLAND. FIRE HAZARD
Evergreen often multi-stemmed tree. Glossy dark green leaves, silvery underneath.
Bluish-black shiny fruits.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Sponge application
(tongs of death)
Suitable for use near waterways refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact
with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B
10g/ha (in 400L of
water)
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Pasture management
Some broadacre infestations may be treated by reducing grazing pressure,
reseeding with desirable species or pasture renovation. Seek advice.
Onion weed
Asphodelus fstulosus
WEED ON ROAD & RAIL VERGES, DISTURBED BUSHLAND & PASTORAL
AREAS
Perennial. Shortlived clump of hollow cylindrical leaves, and branched stalk bearing
white owers with brownish central stripe.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
and obtain advice.
Orange hawkweed
Hieracium aurantiacum
INVADES PASTURE IN THE HIGH COUNTRY OF THE EASTERN STATES
Perennial herb with orange daisy owers. Seeds on parachutes spread by wind.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.5L/100L
Surfactant or
Penetrant
Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Manual removal Large plants need machinery such as a bobcat to grub them out.
Pampas grasses
Cortaderia spp.
GARDEN ESCAPE. INVADES BUSHLAND. INJURIOUS LEAVES.
FIRE HAZARD. POLLEN IS ALLERGENIC.
Perennial grass. Tussock-forming with large root system. Leaves are long
and narrow with sharp edges. Tall, uffy ower spikes, may be pinkish at
rst, fading to white.
Parkinsonia
Parkinsonia aculeata
WoNS AW
PROBLEM ALONG WATERCOURSES IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS.
Small tree. Spiny with zig-zag branches. Long green leaf stalks with tiny
leaets. Bright yellow owers redden with age. Pods are light brown and
swollen around each seed.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark Anytime
Suitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the
trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to
100cm.
Registered
(120g/L)
Access I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump Anytime Suitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump. Registered
(100g/L)
spring
-summer
Do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 40ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Rosette
stage
Registered
Manual Removal Grub individual plants
Inform your regional NRM ofce. Monitor site and undertake follow up control
until eradication has been achieved
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
(NSW only)
Parthenium
Parthenium hysterophorus
WoNS AW
COMPETITIVE. HIGHLY ALLERGENIC. TOXIC
Tall, summer-growing annual herb. Pale green, deeply lobed leaves with ne hairs.
Small, white daisy owers on stem tips.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop Registered
Manual removal Grub individual plants Obtain advice from your regional NRM authority
Perennial ragweed
Ambrosia spp.
ALLERGENIC, CAUSING HAYFEVER. INVADES ROADSIDES,
CREEK BANKS & DISTURBED SITES.
Aromatic herb. Rounded stems. Elongated spikes of greenish-yellow
or cream cup-shaped owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Apply during budding stage
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 250ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I 50ml + 1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Barley, oats, triticale, wheat 4-5 leaf onwards. Spray when thistle rosettes are
5-15cm.
Registered
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I
50 or 70ml + 1 - 1.5L/
ha
Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on
rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml to 1.4L/ha Spot spray
Seedlings
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 2L/ha Spot spray
Well developed plants
Registered
Perennial thistle
Cirsium arvense
FORMS DENSE PATCHES IN PASTURES, GRASSLANDS,
ROADSIDES & DISTURBED AREAS.
Erect perennial herb. Extensive root system. Stems are ridged. Leaves
have wavy, spiny margins and are white-woolly underneath. Flowers are
red-purple to pink, and surrounded by layers of purplish bracts. Fruit is
smooth and shiny with ring of feathery white hairs.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Plumerillo
Jarava plumosa
AW
THREATENS PASTURE, NATIVE GRASSLAND & OPEN BUSHLAND.
INJURIOUS TO STOCK. CONTAMINATES SHEEP FLEECE.
Perennial grass. Leaves are narrow and often roll inwards. Inorescence is linear.
Twisted hairy awns give it a plume-like appearance.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Inform your regional NRM ofce and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake
follow up control until eradication has been achieved
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Spot Spray Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 470ml/100L surfactant Spot spray
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba
(80g/L)
BanvelM I 470ml/15L surfactant Spot spray
Registered
Poison buttercup
Ranunculus sceleratus
POISONOUS TO LIVESTOCK.
Semi-aquatic annual herb. Leaves are glossy and deeply divided into 3 lobes.
Flowers have small petals bending backwards. Flattened egg-shaped achenes have
a small beak and numerous elongated spikes.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Polygala
Polygala myrtifolia
GARDEN ESCAPE. FORMS LARGE THICKETS & OUTCOMPETES NATIVE
VEGETATION.
Evergreen shrub. Leaves are oblong to oval. Pea-like owers are mainly purple
with a pair of large petal-like wings, and three petals, the lower with a brush-
like crest. Fruit is a heart-shaped, two-seeded capsule.
Prickly acacia
Acacia nilotica subsp. indica
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS IN PASTORAL ZONE.
Small spiny tree with bipinnate leaves and yellow ower heads.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
to conrm identication and obtain advice.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Not yet known to occur in SA but established in the eastern States.
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
When
actively
growing at
or beyond
the early
bloom stage
of growth
but before
autumn
change of
colour
Ensure thorough coverage is achieved.
Registered (as
general woody
weeds)
Inform your regional NRM authority.
Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning
or deep burial.
Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been
achieved.
picloram (43g/kg) gel
Vigilant Herbicide
Gel
I Undiluted None Cut stump
When
actively
growing at
or beyond
the early
bloom stage
of growth
but before
autumn
change of
colour
Apply a 5mm layer of gel.
Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning
or deep burial.
Registered
Primrose willow
Ludwigia peruviana
AW
CAN FORM UNATTACHED FLOATING CLUMPS IN DEEP WATER. INVADES
SLOW MOVING WATERS. NOT PRESENT IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Aquatic shrub. Grows up to 2m over water surface. Leaves are narrow with
stalkless base and prominent veins. Four-petalled owers, are yellow. Fruit is
egg-shaped and four-sided.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 10ml/1L None Spot spray Summer
Spray at month intervals when actively growing.
Apply herbicide to individual mats only do not broadcast spray over water.
Conrm ID prior to spraying. Seek advice from an NRM Ofcer.
Undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
Sagittaria (arrowhead)
Sagittaria graminea
WoNS
INVADES WETLANDS & WATERWAYS
Aquatic perennial with leaves on long stalks and white owers with three petals.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1-1.7L/ha Boom spray
warnings on the label. Pastures and non-agricultural areas. Refer to label.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) as a spray-
graze treatment
2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml/ha Boom spray
March-May
(from rst
rains in
autumn to
the end of
autumn)
warnings on the label. Pastures. Seek advice.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean B 15g/ha Boom spray
Crops and pastures. Refer to label. Do not use near desirable trees and other
vegetation.
Registered
Salvation Jane
Echium plantagineum
TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK. COMPETITIVE
Annual herb. Initial growth resembles large, dinner-plate rosettes. Covered in short,
bristly hairs. Purple owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Boom spray
Sept-April
When actively
growing and
before seed set
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Prior to sowing a crop or
pasture.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Spot spray
Sept-April
When actively
growing and
before seed set
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Ally M,B 800ml + 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Adult plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active
herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I
700ml-4L/ha refer
to label
warnings on the label. Pastures refer to label
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) as a spray-graze
treatment
MCPA 500 I 500ml/ha Boom spray
Registered
MCPA (750g/L) Agritone750 I 270ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Early in the season. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
Ally + MCPA
500
B, I 7g + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Hormone type herbicide use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if
spray drift is likely.
Registered
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA
(160g/L)
Agtryne MA C,I 300-500ml/ha Boom spray
Pasture Sub clover based pastures with either rye grass, phalaris, cocksfoot).
Use higher rates when weeds are at the two-leaf stage. Some reduction of
clover may occur. Refer to label for use in cereal crops.
Registered
Salvinia
Salvinia spp.
WoNS AW
INVADES & COVERS CREEKS & DAMS.
Aquatic oating fern with juvenile oval leaves which form chain-like
structures as it spreads over water.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Salvinia is usually found only as a deliberately grown water plant in SA.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
diquat (200g/L) Reglone L 400ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority.
Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for
best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water.
Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense
infestations.
Registered
Manual removal
Dredge or skim
plants out of the
composting or drying.
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority. Monitor site and undertake
follow up control until eradication has been achieved
Orange oil (55.2g/kg) +
surfactants (195g/kg)
Water Clear 1L/100L None Spot spray
Spray on free oating plants.
Within articial impoundments and enclosed bodies of water.
Do not use in natural water bodies or streams where it will reach natural water
bodies.
Do not use in dams holding water for human consumption.
Registered
Senegal tea plant
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides
AW
FORMS TANGLED MASS OF VEGETATION IN STILL OR SLOW-MOVING WATER.
THREAT TO WATERWAYS, LAKES, DAMS & WETLANDS. NOT PRESENT
IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Perennial rhizomatous herb, with creeping roots. Stems are ribbed, and hollow between
the joints. Leaves are variable in shape. Flowers are white or pale purple in clusters
at the ends of branches.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Report to your local NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and seek advice.
Not known to occur in SA.
Serrated tussock
Nassella trichotoma
WoNS AW
COMPETES WITH PASTURES. NOT PRESENT IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Perennial grass. Thin, tightly rolled, nely serrated leaves. Weeping ower heads.
Small seeds with long awns.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Serrated tussock is not currently known to occur in SA.
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-2L + 250-420ml/
ha
with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense.
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may
suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-200ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
effectiveness.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.24-3.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile
basalt soils. Suppression only if serrated tussock plants are not actively growing
with long green leaves.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
560-1000ml/100L
water
Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile
basalt soils.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Prior to ow
seed set
Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been
achieved.
Silverleaf nightshade
Solanum elaeagnifolium
WoNS
Perennial herb. Creeping roots. Silvery-green felted leaves.
Yellow berries and purple owers with yellow stamens.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray Sept-Jan
Registered
(75g/L) + aminopyralid (7.5g/L)
FallowBoss Tordon I 15l/ha None Boom spray Registered
uroxypyr (333g/L) Starane Advanced I 300ml/100L Spot spray Sept-Jan Follow up treatment of regrowth is critical for best control. Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 6L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sept-Jan
Seed suppression only.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 1.35L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Sept-Jan
Seed suppression only.
Registered
Manual removal Manual removal
Excavate soil to the depth of the root system, and remove plants. Permission to
excavate may be required.
Mowing/slashing Mowing/slashing Carry out slashing before berry formation. Repeat as required throughout.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram
(75g/L)) + 2,4-D amine (625g/L)
Tordon75-D +
2,4-D amine 625
I 300ml + 375ml/ha Boom spray
Suppression only
Registered
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray
Suppression only. Follow up spray with glyphosate.
Registered
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 1.1L + 1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Nov-Jan
Fallow or non crop situations.
Registered
(450g/kg)
Surpass475 +
Roundup
I, M 120ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Nov-Jan
Registered
bromoxynil (200g/L) +
diufenican(25g/L) + liquid
hydrocarbon (416g/L) +
n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)
Jaguar C,F 1L/ha Boom spray
Wheat, barley triticale, cereal rye crops and clover and/or lucerne based
pasture. Suppression only
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 300ml/ha Spot spray Nov-Jan Cereals only Canola. Will provide control until harvest only. Registered
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I 500ml + 1L/ha Boom spray Nov-Jan
Cereals only Barley, oats, triticale, wheat. Spray when rosettes are 5-15cm.
Will provide control until harvest only.
Registered
Roundup + Ally M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered
Skeleton weed
Chrondrilla juncea
COMPLETES WITH CROPS.
Perennial herb with creeping roots and tall leaess owering stems bearing yellow
owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 50 or 70ml/ha Boom spray Pastures Rosette stage to early owering Registered
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I
50 or 70ml + 1-1.5L/
ha
Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards) when thistle
rosettes are 5-15cm. In pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem
elongation. Use higher rates in pastures only when rosettes are larger than
30cm diameter.
Registered
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 1L/ha Boom spray
Non crop areas or fallow. Spray young plants only.
Registered
Slender thistle
Carduus tenuiforus
ABUNDANT IN HIGH RAINFALL REGIONS. INVADES ROADSIDES,
PASTURES & DISTURBED AREAS.
Annual herb. Stems and upper leaves have prominent spiny wings extending
continuously from owerheads down stems. Clusters of owers are pink to lilac.
Soldier thistle
Picnomon acarna
INVADES ANNUAL PASTURES. SPINED STEMS.
Annual herb. Covered in yellow spines. Pink-purple thistle owers.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 300ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5leaf stage) and canola. Spray rosettes up to
10cm diameter (4-8 leaf).
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I 200ml + 700ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Wheat, barley oats, triticale Apply to crop at tillering stage after the crop has 5
leaves and before the crop commences jointing.
Registered
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml-2.1L/ha Boom spray
Hormone type treatment use with caution near sensitive crops.
Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Grass pastures Use low rate on seedlings and higher rates on adult plants
(prior to owering).
Use 100 litres of water for best results.
If clover present do not exceed 600ml/ha.
Crops refer to label.
Registered
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) Spray Graze
technique
MCPA 500 I 600ml/ha Boom spray
Pastures. Seek advice.
Registered
Soursob
Oxalis pes-caprae
WEED OF GARDENS, PASTURES, ORCHARDS, ROADSIDES.
Perennial herb that regrows from bulbs. The cylindrical stalks bearing many
owered deep yellow owers inorescences, arising from deeply placed bulbs.
Leaets are often spotted with purplish brown.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.2L/ha Boom spray July-Sept Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
July-Sept
Apply at
owering
Apply at owering.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5 or 10g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
May-July
Before
owering
Use higher rates for dense stands.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray
May-July
Before
owering
Use higher rates for dense stands. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 250ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I
50 - 70ml + 1 - 1.5L/
ha
Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards)-refer to label.
Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm.
Pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on
rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I
280-560ml/ha for
seedlings.
560ml-1.1L/ha for
young mature plants.
Grass pastures, perennial grass seed crops, direct drilling, conservation tillage,
no till fallow, minimum tillage and between cropping applications.
Use 110-280L of mixture/ha.
Apply when thistles have at least 3-5 true leaves.
Do not treat thistles beyond the rosette stage. Use higher rates on larger plants.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I
40ml/100L for
seedlings.
76ml/100L for young
mature plants
Surfactant Spot spray Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1.6 - 2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
(80g/L)
Kamba M I 190-270ml/100L Spot spray
Use higher rates on larger plants
Registered
Spear thistle
Cirsium vulgare
WIDESPREAD WEED OF CROPS, PASTURE, ROADSIDES, RIVERBANKS &
DISTURBED BUSHLAND.
Annual or biennial herb. Stems have spiny wings. Leaves have small prickles on the
upper surface. Flowerheads are red-purple surrounded by greenish, spine-tipped
bracts.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml-2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Apply at Rosette stage.
Do not exceed 1.5L/ha within sub clover seed crops.
Use higher rates on larger plants.
Refer to label.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 1.5-2L/100L None
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if using
near aquatic areas
Oct-Jan
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M Undiluted to 1:4 None Cut stump Oct-Jan Apply to cut stump immediately
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Roundup + Brush-
off
M,B 800-1Lml + 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup
Powermax
M 1-1.35L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Oct-Jan
Use higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m.
Registered
Manual removal Oct-Jan Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
(100g/L)
Grazon DS I 350ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan For plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered
Basal Bark or cut
stump
Oct-Jan
forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Oct-Jan
forests.
Registered
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Sweet briar
Rosa rubiginosa
FORMS PRICKLY THICKETS. CAUSES LOSS OF PASTURE PRODUCTION.
Large deciduous shrub. Erect or scrambling with prickly stems and leaves.
Aromatic single pink owers. Red to almost black fruits (hips) and leaves
smell like apples when crushed.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon I 170ml/100L Spot spray
forests.
PER 12932
(exp.2016)
Tamarisks
Tamarix ramosissima & Tamarix parvifora
GARDEN ESCAPES. CREATES DENSE THICKETS BY SUCKERING.
Evergreen tree. Grey-green foliage and slender drooping branchlets. Spikes of tiny
pink owers. T. parviora is distinguished by four-petalled owers. T. ramosissima
has ve-petalled owers. Leaves are scale-like.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Texas needlegrass
Nassella leucotricha
INJURIOUS TO LIVESTOCK. CONTAMINATES FLEECE.
COMPETES WITH NATIVE GRASSLAND SPECIES.
Perennial tussock grass. Produces hidden stem seeds that enable regeneration
if seed head is destroyed. Fibrous root system. Leaves are linear. Seeds are pale
brown to purple with a twisted awn.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
1.5-3L + 300-500ml/
ha
with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense.
spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable
plants.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Tussock +
Roundup
J,M
150-300ml +
270ml/100L
with glyphosate.
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may
suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Variable results.
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
PER 9792
(exp.2015)
Three corner jack
Emex australis
COMPETITIVE. SPINY SEEDS. TOXIC.
Prostrate to semi-erect, winter growing annual. Oval leaves. Spined fruits.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 5-10g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Established pastures refer to label.
Apply up to 6 leaf stage.
Use higher rates for dense infestations.
Registered (WA
only)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA
(160g/L)
Agtryne MA C,I 1.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Cereal crops only.
Apply at the 1-4 leaf stage.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Cultivation
Cultivation
and pasture
improvement.
On arable land it can be controlled over 3-4 years of repeated cultivations.
In pastures prevent seed production by mowing, slashing or heavy grazing of
owering stems. Combine this with pasture improvement.
Surfactant or
penetrant
Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L) Weedmaster Duo M 1L/3L None
Wiper sponge or
brush
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 10g/400L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Brush-Off B 2.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
Three-cornered garlic
Allium triquetrum
GARDEN ESCAPE. DOMINATES GROUND LAYER UNDER SHADE.
Perennial herb with a bulb that produces numerous bulblets, has eshy, slightly
channelled leaves. White bell-shaped owers on three-sided stems.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) +
MCPA (500g/L)
Afnity + MCPA
500
G,I 50g + 500ml Boom spray Cereals Post emergent Registered
umetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Post emergent.
6 whorls up to 10cm high.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/L) Spinnaker B 70-100g/ha Surfactant Boom spray
In faba beans and eld peas pre and post emergent.
Refer to label.
Registered
Three-horned bedstraw
Galium tricornutum
WEED OF FIELD CROPS.
Herb. Stems are four-sided. Foliage is soft and hairless.
Flowers in clusters of threes. Fruits are densely covered with warts.
Toetoe
Cortaderia richardii
AW
WEEDS OF DRAINAGE LINES & WETLANDS.
NOT PRESENT IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Perennial grass forming giant tussocks. Bluish-green leaf blades with a
white waxy bloom. Inorescences are pale golden on long slender stems.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 10-13ml/1L
Surfactant (if
away from
waterways)
Spot spray Sept-May
For best results apply after owering.
Use higher rate for plants over 1m.
For easier access slash or burn plants and allow to regrow to 1m.
Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
Tordon75-D I 150-300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Rosette to pre owering. Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or
in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Rosette to pre owering
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml-1.7L/ha Boom spray
Spray at rosette stage.
Use higher rates for larger plants.
Pastures, non agricultural areas and conservation Tillage (direct drilling, surface
sowing or fallow maintenance).
Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clovers and medics may be damaged
unless well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 95ml/100L Spot spray
Spray at rosette stage. Hormone type treatment use with caution near
sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel I 50 or 70ml/ha Boom spray Pastures Rosette stage to early owering Registered
(500g/L)
Lontrel + MCPA
500
I
50 - 70ml + 1 - 1.5L/
ha
Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards)-refer to label.
Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. In pastures and fallow treat rosettes
before stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in
diameter.
Registered
800ml-1L/ha - less
than 12cm diameter
rosettes
1-1.6L/ha - greater
than 12cm diameter
rosettes
Boom spray
Prior to sowing a crop, fallow, non agricultural areas. Use higher rates on larger
plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
PER 13371
(exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700-1.5L/ha Boom spray
Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger
plants. Use 2L/ha for well developed plants.
Registered
Variegated thistle
Silybum marianum
COMPETITIVE. TOXIC. SPINY LEAVES.
Annual-biennial with tall spikes of large, purple owers.
Spiny leaves blotched with white veins.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 100-133ml/100L Spot spray
Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger
plants.
Registered
Water caltrop
Trapa natans
AW
NOT PRESENT IN AUSTRALIA. SPINY FRUITS INJURIOUS TO HUMANS &
ANIMALS. FORMS DENSE MATS OVER WIDE EXPANSES OF WATER.
Annual aquatic herb. Can be free-oating or anchored to substrate. Rosette of
oating, fan-shaped leaves. Has small 4-petalled white owers. Fruit is a large nut
with 4 sharp spines.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Not currently known to occur in Australia.
Water dropwort
Oenanthe pimpinelloides
COMPETES WITH PASTURES.
Annual, growing from tubers. Finely divided leaves.
Clusters of white owers on long stalks.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) Roundup Biactive M 1L/100L
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
This species is not listed specically on any registered herbicide label. Roundup
Biactive covers weeds in general and is suitable for use near waterways
refer to label.
Registered
(under general
weeds)
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
diquat (200g/L) Reglone L 400ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray
Seek advice from a local NRM Authority.
Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for
best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat
applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M 10-13ml/1L
Surfactant (if
away from
waterways).
None (if near
or within
waterways)
Spot Spray Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
Apply when actively growing, at or beyond the early bloom stage.
Monitor site until eradication has been achieved.
Use higher rate on dense infestations.
Registered
Manual removal
Skim plants off the
drying or composting.
Seek advice from the local NRM Authority rst. Monitor site until eradication has
been achieved.
Water hyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes
WoNS AW
INVADES & COVERS CREEKS & DAMS. FORMS DENSE STANDS THAT
DESTROY AQUATIC HABITAT.
Aquatic oating plant with lilac owers and distinctive swollen stem bases.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
(75g/L)
apply near susceptible crops. Use double rate at owering.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 1.6L/ha Surfactant Boom Spray Spray prior to owering. Registered
dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500 I 100ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Spray prior to owering. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Apply at rosette stage. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 400mlL/100L Surfactant Spot spray Apply at rosette stage. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Manual Removal Grub plants Manual Removal Ensure that the root system is removed to a depth of 150mm.
Wild artichoke
Cynara cardunculus
INVADES ANNUAL PASTURES. SPINY LEAVES
Perennial herb. Has blue-green spined leaves, and large purple thistle owers on tall
spikes.
Water soldier
Stratiotes aloides
AW
NOT PRESENT IN AUSTRALIA. FORMS DENSE STANDS OF FLOATING
VEGETATION. DESTROYS AQUATIC HABITAT.
Aquatic plant, submerged to emergent. Long, narrow, slightly triangular leaves with
spiny margins. Foul smelling 3-petalled owers on short stalk. Roots hang free or
root loosely in substrate.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Report
Not yet known to occur in Australia.
Manual removal
Skim plants off the
drying or composting.
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority rst. Monitor site until eradication
has been achieved.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
Non crops areas, fallow, rights of way.
Apply at rosette stage.
Crop and pasture rates refer to label
Registered
Apply at rosette stage.
Registered
Willows
Salix spp.
WoNS
DISPLACE NATIVE VEGETATION. ALTER STREAM SHAPE & FUNCTION. CAUSES
BANK EROSION. MODIFIES WATER QUALITY & HABIT.
Deciduous trees. Flowers are green catkins, seed spread by wind. Leaves vary
between species, long and narrow or crinkly and broader.
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M Undiluted None Cut stump
Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately.
Registered
Spot Spray - Do not
add surfactants if
using near aquatic
areas
For plants less than 2 meters tall.
Add a penetrant of applying away from waterways.
Use higher rate for plants 1-2 meters high.
Registered
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive Roundup Biactive M Undiluted None Stem inject
Basal diameter 0-25cm 1ml/cut, basal diameter 25-60cm 2ml/cut
Registered
Manual Removal
Remove by hand or
machinery
picloram (43g/kg) gel
Vigilant Herbicide
Gel
I 3-5mm thick layer None Cut stump Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately. Registered
PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE
GROUP
APPLICATION RATE
(with water unless
indicated)
REQUIRED
ADDITIONS
APPLICATION
METHODS
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 24-D amine 625 I 0.56-1.7L/ha Boom spray
Pastures and non-agricultural areas.
Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clover and medics may be damaged unless
well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred.
Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on larger plants.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L) 24-D amine 625 I 73ml/100L Spot spray
Registered
umetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Crops and pastures refer to label. Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml-1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray
Prior to sowing a crop or pasture with full soil disturbance by cultivations or
sowing with a tyned implement. Use higher rates late in the season or when
treating under cold/overcast conditions.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup M 800ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered
Manual removal Manual Removal Hand pull individual plants. Ensure plant is not seeding.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg) Ally B 5 or7g/100L Surfactant Boom spray
Use higher rate for larger weeds or dense infestations.
Registered
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA amine
(160g/L)
Agtryne MA C,I 1l/ha Boom spray Cropping refer to label comments. Registered
triasulfuron (750g/kg) Logran750WG B 30g/ha Boom Pre emergent control within wheat and other cereal crops refer to label. Registered
Yellow burrweed
Amsinckia spp.
COMPETITIVE. TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK.
Annual herb. Similar to Salvation Jane but with smaller, yellow owers.
REFERENCES
Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. Alert Weeds Fact sheets (various). Urrbrae, South Australia. Viewed April 2014,
www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/sa_alert_weeds/sa_alert_weed_list
Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia (2009). Branched Broomrape On Farm Management Handbook. Urrbrae, South Australia.
Viewed April 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/branched_broomrape/broomrape_management
Dow Agrosciences Woody Weed Specialists, Woody Weed control Guide2012. Viewed April 2014,
www.woodyweedspecialists.com.au/Home/tabid/1822/Default.aspx
Environment Protection Authority (2005). Guidelines for Responsible Pesticide Use. Adelaide, South Australia. Viewed April 2014,
www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_les/Water/Guideline/guide_pesticides.pdf
Environment Protection Authority (2007). Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the Environment Protection
Authority. Adelaide, South Australia. Viewed April 2014, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_les/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf
Ivory, S. and Mantel, S. (2013) A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute. Pdf available at
www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/biological_control_of_weeds. Viewed April 2014
Kondinin Group (2010). Field Crop Herbicide Guide 8. Perth, Western Australia.
NSW Department of Primary Industries (2011). Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook, A Guide To Weed Control In Non-Crop, Aquatic and
Bushland Situations 5
th
Edition. Grafton, New South Wales. Viewed April 2104,
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_le/0017/123317/Noxious-and-environmental-weed-control-handbook.pdf
Natural Resources SA Murray-Darling Basin, Pest Plants facts sheets (various). Murray Bridge, South Australia.
Viewed May 2012, www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au/Land/PestAnimalPlantControlProgram/PestPlantIdentication.aspx
Weeds Society of Queensland Inc. (2011). Weeds of Southern Queensland 3
rd
edition. Toowoomba, Queensland.
Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) Registered products and permit searches: www.apvma.gov.au
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI) Information on herbicide resistance: www.ahri.uwa.edu.au
Biosecurity SA Primary Industries and Regions SA Weed identication and weed information: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity
Environment Protection Authority Information regarding safe herbicide use: www.epa.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Weed identication and information: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Eyre Peninsula Weed identication and information: www.epnrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Kangaroo Island: www.kinrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources Northern and Yorke Weed information: www.nynrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources SA Arid Lands: www.saalnrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources SA Murray-Darling Basin Aquatic and other weed identication and information: www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au
Natural Resources South East: www.senrm.sa.gov.au
Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc. Weed identication and information: www.wmssa.org.au
Weeds Australia the national weed website: www.weeds.org.au
USEFUL WEBSITES
African feather grass (plants, inorescences)
Julie Dean
African lovegrass (herbarium specimen)
Forest & Kim Starr
African lovegrass (plant) USDA-NRCS PLANTS
Database
Aleppo pine Julie Dean
Alkali sida Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of
California Davis, Bugwood.org (5386926)
Alkali sida Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte,
Bugwood.org (5401276)
Alligator weed (habit) Chris Evans, Illinois
Wildlife Action Plan, Bugwood.org
Alligator weed (infestation) Graves Lovell,
Alabama Dept. of Conservation and Natural
Resources, Bugwood.org
Asparagus fern (fruits) S. Molteno, Public
Domain, commons.wikimedia.org
Athel pine (tree, ower) Ben Shepherd
Athel pine (bud & scale leaves) Julie Dean
Bellyache bush (leaves) Forest & Kim Starr
Bellyache bush (leaves & stems with glandular
hairs) Forest & Kim Starr
Bellyache bush (owers) Tony Pernas, USDI
National Park Service, Bugwood.org (5276058)
Bifora (infestation, fruit, plant, ower, plant)
Thomas Meyer
Blackberry (infestation, fruit, leaf) Tim Reynolds
Bladder campion David Cappaert, Michigan
State University, Bugwood.org
Boneseed (ower) Adrian Harvey, Rural
Solutions SA
Boneseed (plant) Nicole Zeoli
Bridal creeper (Infestation and fruits)
www.starrenvironmental.com/
Bridal creeper (tubers) Robin Coles
Broad-kernel espartillo (inorescence,
infestation, plant) Ximena Nazal M., Chile,
www.viverosangabriel.cl
Buffel grass (inorescence, plant) Ben
Shepherd
Bulbil watsonia (infestation, ower closeup)
Forest & Kim Starr
Bulbil watsonia (ower stalks) Kate Blood
Bundy blackberry (all images) Gerrit Davidse,
Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 03 Jun
2014 www.tropicos.org/Image/100149788
Cabomba (ower, infestation) J.L.C.H. van
Valkenburg, www.q-bank.eu/
Cabomba (foliage) Ben Kieft, Netherlands
Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, www.q-bank.eu/
Cacti (Dactylopius on wheel cactus on p. 15)
Julie Dean
Cane needlegrass Nassella hyalina (dig
12970) David McLaren, Department of Primary
Industries Victoria
Cane needlegrass Nassella hyalina (dig
12788) J. Miller Centre for Australian National
Biodiversity Research
Cats claw creeper (plant, owers, infestation)
Forest & Kim Starr
Chilean needlegrass (plant, infestation) Jenny
Conolly
Chilean needlegrass (seed head) Geoff
Robertson
Coolatai grass (plant & seed head) Julie Dean
Cutleaf mignonette (ower, plants, infestation)
Nicole McGuinness
Dodder (2 species, owers) Forest & Kim
Starr
Dog rose (owers & foliage) Julie Dean
English broom (all images) Julie Dean
Eurasian water milfoil (ower) E. Bohr,
www.q-bank.eu
Eurasian water milfoil (foliage segment)
B. Kieft, www.q-bank.eu
Field bindweed (owers) Phil Westra, Colorado
State University, Bugwood.org
Field bindweed (foliage & habit) Howard F.
Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Field garlic (ower head, plants Ohio State
Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University,
Bugwood.org
Field garlic (seed heads) Robert Videki,
Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
Fireweed (ower & seedhead, infestation)
Forest & Kim Starr
Flax-leaf broom (all images) Xemenedura
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Gamba grass (seed, owerhead, plant) Nathan
March
Gorse (ower) Rosser 1954 Public Domain
Horehound (burr) P. Gillen
Horehound (leaf) Adrian Harvey, Rural Solutions
SA
Horehound (p.15) Susan Ivory
Innocent weed (burr & seed) Troy Bowman
Innocent weed (burrs & plant) Adrian Harvey,
Rural Solutions SA
Khaki weed (plant, leaf, burr) Forest & Kim
Starr
Lagarosiphon (infestation) J.L.C.H. van
Valkenburg, www.q-bank.eu
Lagarosiphon (leaf) E. Boer, www.q-bank.eu
Leafy elodea (submerged) E. Boer,
www.q-bank.eu
Leafy elodea (ower) J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg,
www.q-bank.eu
Leafy elodea (foliage) H. Duistermaat,
www.q-bank.eu
Lincoln weed ower (habit) Adrian Harvey,
Rural Solutions SA
Madeira vine (aerial tubers) Julie Dean
Madeira vine (owers) David Blewett
May (all images) Julie Dean
Mexican feather grass (plant, inorescences)
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stan_Shebs
Muskweed (all images) Andrea Moro,
luirig.altervista.org/pics
Noogoora burr (1116018) Charles T. Bryson,
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Nutgrass (seedhead, infestation) Forest & Kim
Starr
Nutgrass (bulbils) E. Boer, www.q-bank.eu
Onion weed (infestation, plant, closeup) John
Heap
Orange hawkweed (infestation, ower, pappus)
Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service,
Bugwood.org
Pampas grass (owerhead, plant, juvenile ower)
Julie Dean
Parthenium (infestation) Peter Austin
Parthenium (owering plant) QDEEDI
Plumerillo Ximena Nazal M., Chile,
www.viverosangabriel.cl
Prickly acacia (habit, thorns) Colin Wilson
Primrose willow (ower, shrub) Forest & Kim
Starr
Salvinia (mature leaves) Robert Vidki,
Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
Salvina (feathery leaves and above water leaves)
Victor Ramey, University of Florida,
Bugwood.org (5349043)
Salvinia (juvenile leaves) M. Soes, Q-bank
Invasive Plants
Senegal tea plant (owers, stem, infestation)
Robert Vidki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
Silverleaf nightshade (owering plant) Julie
Dean
Soldier thistle (ower) Javier_martin
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain
Soursob (ower close-up, stems, foliage) Julie
Dean
Spear thistle (owerhead, owerbud, seed head)
David Blewett
Tamarisks Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of
California Davis, Bugwood.org
Tamarisks Barry Rice, sarracenia.com,
Bugwood.org.
IMAGE CREDITS
Tamarisks Bonnie Million, National Park
Service, Bugwood.org
Texas needlegrass (seed heads) Larry Allain @
USDANRCS PLANTS Database
Texas needlegrass (seed closeup) Tracey Slotta
@ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Three-cornered garlic (plants) Julie Dean
Three-horned bedstraw (foliage, fruit &
infestation) Julie Dean
Toetoe (panicle, sharp leaves) Julie Dean
Water caltrop (infestation) John M. Randall,
The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
Water caltrop (ower & foliage, spiny fruits)
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut,
Bugwood.org
Water soldier (plants) Velela en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Public_domain
Water soldier (ower) Christian Fischer [CC-BY-
SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons from Wikimedia
Commons
Water soldier (infestation) Christian Fischer
[CC-BYSA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
from Wikimedia Commons
Wild artichoke (ower, plant) David Blewett
Willows (all images) Julie Dean
Yellow burrweed (plants, owers) P. Gillen
All other images belong to Biosecurity SA
(PIRSA) www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/
nrm_biosecurity/weeds

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Weed control handbook

FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

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