Temperature Monitoring System using GSM

INTRODUCTION:

Temperature measurement can be done by using RTD,
Thermocouple, and LM35, simple Electronic circuit, Microprocessor
or microcontroller. Now microcontroller is advanced among all above
circuits therefore we are using Microcontroller for temperature
measurement. However, more important feature of our project is we
are measuring temperature and send it through GSM modem. That is
why we named it as Temperature Monitoring System using GSM.

In this project, microcontroller 89s52 forms the processing part,
which firstly receives data from IR ADC. ADC receives data from
temperature sensor LM35. Then microcontroller 89s52 performs the
comparison of current temperature and set temperature as per the
logic of program for which microcontroller has already been
programmed. The result obtained from the above operation is given
through output port of 89s52 to LCD display of relevant data and
generated pulses as per the logic program, which is further fed to the
driver circuit to obtain the desired output at Relay. Block diagram of
temperature controller is given below.








BLOCK DIAGRAM:






















MICROCONTROLLER
LCD DISPLAY
DISPLAY DRIVER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (LM35)
MEMORY
RELAY DRIVER
K
E
Y
P
A
D

RELAY 1

RELAY 2
POWER SUPPLY

ADC
Block Diagram Description:

The "Temperature Meter" is designed around the micro-controller,
LM35 and LCD Display. The main blocks of the system are:

Micro-controller board: It is a low power, high-performance CMOS
8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash Programmable and
Erasable Read Only Memory ROM). The device is manufactured
using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the MCS-51. Instruction set and pin out. The on chip
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or
by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, it provides a
highly flexible and cost effective solution so many embedded control
applications.

Temperature Sensor Block: The temperature sensed by using
LM35.

DRIVER Block: Output signal from micro-controller 89C52 is weak
so we have to amplify that signal. DRIVER block amplifies the signal
for driving the final control element i.e. output device. For
amplification buffer is used.

RELAY Block: In this project, we are using ALARM as output
device. If temperature is above set point then ALARM is ON so that
temperature will start to decrease and ALARM get automatically
switched OFF if temperature comes below the set point.

Display Block: In this project, we are using 16X2 LCD display,
temperature set point and very important is temperature of IR
Temperature Meter.

Power Block: For our project we require + 5 Volt, and +12 Volts
supply. +5 Volts and. 5Volts is given to Micro-controller board,
Temperature sensor, Signal conditioning, ADC etc. +12 Volts are
used to drive the relay.

Circuit Diagram Description:

In this project, we have used P89V51RD2 microcontroller. This
controller is very famous because it has 64 kb of flash memory and 1
k RAM and it is easily available in the market. Port configuration is
similar like 8051 microcontroller.
As shown in the circuit diagram we have connected 10 k 9-pin SIP
resistor in the port line of microcontroller. 10 k ohm resistor and
2.2uF capacitor form the reset circuit for microcontroller. 11.0592
MHz crystal in connected in 18 and 19 pin of microcontroller with
33-pf capacitor.
Through port P0 data lines of LCD are connected and through port P2
command lines are connected. In same port P2 four switches are
connected for setting purpose. Temperature sensor that is important
component of our project that is connected to Port P1.3. Temperature
sensor gives output in voltage. Then this output is applied to ADC
that is connected to microcontroller. Through microcontroller LCD is
connected which display the temperature reading. Port P1.0 and Port
P1.1 are used for memory connection. Memory for storing high, low
temperature which we set by keypad and this temperature compare
with current temperature and if it match with set temperature then
relay ON otherwise OFF. If relay cross high temperature range than
buzzer ON. Relay connected to port P3.2 and port P3.3 buzzer
connected through relay. There is also RS232 connection. If we want
to download data of whole day then by connecting RS232 we can
download it.

Power Supply is made up of simple bridge diode filter and regulator
ic. All the ics are work on 5 volts so we have employed 5-volt
regulator here and 12 volt supply for the relay driver circuitry.





Component Description:-

POWER SUPPLY:
Power supply block consists of following units:
Step down transformer
Bridge rectifier circuit
Input filter
Voltage regulators
Output filter
Indicator unit

Step down transformer:
The step-down transformer is used to step down the supply voltage of
230v ac from mains to lower values, as the various ICs used in this
project require reduced voltages. The transformer consists of primary
and secondary coils. To reduce or step down the voltage, the
transformer is designed to contain less number of turns in its
secondary core. The outputs from the secondary coil which is center
tapped are the ac values of 0v, 15v and 15v. The conversion of these
ac values to dc values to dc values is done using the full wave rectifier
unit.

Rectifier Unit:
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four diodes connected in a bridge
circuit. That provides the polarity of output voltage of any polarity of
the input voltage. When used in its most common application, for
conversion of alternating current (A.C) input into direct current (D.C)
output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. The diagram describes a
diode-bridge design known as a full wave rectifier. This design can be
used to rectify single phase A.C. when no transformer center tap is
available. A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge
arrangement to achieve full wave rectification. This is a widely used
configuration, both with individual diodes wired as shown and with
single component bridges where the diode bridge is wired internally.

For both positive and negative swings of the transformer, there is a
forward path through the diode bridge. Both conduction paths cause
current to flow in the same direction through the load resister,
accomplishing full-wave rectification. While one set of diodes is
forward biased, the other set is reversing biased and effectively
eliminated from the circuit.

Input Filter: -
Capacitors are used as filters. The ripples from the dc voltages are
removed and pure dc voltage is obtained. The primary action
performed by capacitor is charging and discharging. It charges in
positive half cycle of the ac voltage and it will discharge in negative
half cycle. So it allows only ac voltage and does not allow the dc
voltage. This filter is fixed before the regulator. Capacitors used
here are of the value 470uF

Regulator unit: -
Regulator regulates the output voltage to a specific value. The output
voltage is maintained irrespective of the fluctuations in the input dc
voltage. Whenever there are any ac voltage fluctuations, the dc
voltage also changes, and to avoid this regulators are used.



Regulators can be classified as: -
1. Positive regulator, which regulates the positive
voltage(7805,7812)

1. > input pin
2. > ground pin
3. > output pin
Regulators used in this application are: -
7805 that provides 5v dc
Out put Filter: -
This filter is fixed after the Regulator circuit to filter any of the
possibly found ripples in the output received finally. Capacitors used
here are of value 10F.





OCTAL PERIPHERAL DRIVER ARRAYS:

The eight NPN Darlington connected transistors in this family of
arrays are ideally suited for interfacing between low logic level digital
circuitry (such as TTL, CMOS or PMOS/NMOS) and the higher
current/voltage requirements of lamps, relays, printer hammers or
other similar loads for a broad range of computer, industrial, and
consumer applications. All devices feature open-collector outputs and
freewheeling clamp diodes for transient suppression. The ULN2803 is
designed to be compatible with standard TTL families while the
ULN2804 is optimized for 6 to 15volt high-level CMOS or PMOS.

RELAYS:

The relay is a device by means of which an electrical circuit can be
controlled (opened or closed) by sensing a change in the circuit in
which it is connected. The relays can be either electromagnetic or
electronic. In this circuit the electromagnetic relay is used to connect
or disconnect the supply to the appliance to be controlled. It works on
the principle of electromagnetic attraction and electromagnetic
induction. These relays can be actuated by AC or DC quantities. In
these relays there are one or more coils, movable elements, contact
systems etc.












AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

Description

The AT89S52 is a low power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash
memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density
nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows
the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of
Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data
pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock
circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for
operation down to zero frequency and supports two software
selectable power saving modes.

The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM,
timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but
freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next
interrupt or hardware reset.







EEPROM MEMORY:

EEPROM (also written E
2
PROM and pronounced "e-e-prom,"
"double-e prom," "e-squared," or simply "e-prom") stands
for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a
type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic
devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power
is removed, e.g., calibration tables or device configuration.

When larger amounts of static data are to be stored (such as in USB
flash drives) a specific type of EEPROM such as flash memory is
more economical than traditional EEPROM devices. EEPROMs are
realized as arrays of floating-gate transistors.

EEPROM is user-modifiable read-only memory (ROM) that can be
erased and reprogrammed (written to) repeatedly through the
application of higher than normal electrical voltage generated
externally or internally in the case of modern EEPROMs. EPROM
usually must be removed from the device for erasing and
programming, whereas EEPROMs can be programmed and erased in
circuit. Originally, EEPROMs were limited to single byte operations
which made them slower, but modern EEPROMs allow multi-byte
page operations. It also has a limited life - that is, the number of times
it could be reprogrammed was limited to tens or hundreds of
thousands of times. That limitation has been extended to a million
write operations in modern EEPROMs. In an EEPROM that is
frequently reprogrammed while the computer is in use, the life of the
EEPROM can be an important design consideration. It is for this
reason that EEPROMs were used for configuration information, rather
than random access memory.



LM 35:
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors,
whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain
convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any
external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
C at room temperature and C over a full -55 to +150C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at
the wafer level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and
precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control
circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or
with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply,
it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35D is
rated to operate over a 0 to +100C temperature range.
Features
Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10.0 mV/ C scale factor
0.5 C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25 C)
Rated for full -55 to +150 C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 A current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08 C in still air
Nonlinearity only 1/4 C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load







Application and Advantage:

1. This project can be used in Home.
2. This project can be used in Industry.
3. Raiways loco shed.

Future Development:

1. We can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the
same time control them
2. We can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet
3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using
computer.