ADVENT OF THE NATIONAL HERO

Dr. Jose Rizal is a unique example of many

splendored geniuses who became the greatest hero of nation.
Endowed by god with versatile gift, he truly ranked with the
worlds geniuses. He was a physician (ophthalmic surgeon),
poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian, architect, painter,
sculptor, educator and etc.
Rizal was born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861 in the
lakeshore town of Calamba Laguna Province, Philippines. He
was baptized in the catholic church of his town on June 22.
His godfather was Father Pedro Casanas, native of Calamba
and close friend of the Rizal family.
His name Jose was chosen by his mother who was
a devotee of St. Joseph. During the Christening ceremony
Father Collantes was impressed by the babys big head, and
told the members of the family who were present. Take
good care of this child, for someday he will become a
great man.
Jose Rizal was the seventh of the eleven children
of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda.
The heros father, Francisco (1818-1898) was born in
Bian, laguna on May 11, 1818. He studied Latin and
philosophy at the college of San Jose in manila.
Doa Teodora (1826- 1911) was born in manila on
November 8, 1826 and was educated at the collage of Santa
Rosa. Doa teodora died in manila on august 16, 1911, at the
age of 85.

THE RIZAL CHILDREN
1. Saturnina (1850-1913) oldest, nicknamed
Neneng; married Manuel T. Hidalgo Batangas.
2. Paciano (1851-1930) older brother and
confidant of Jose Rizal. He had two children by his mistress
(Severina Decena ) a boy and girl.
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) her pet was Sisa and she
married Antonio Lopez.
4. Olimpia (1855-1887) Pia was her pet name;
she married Silvestre Ubald.
5. Lucia (1857- 1919) She married Mariano
Herbosa.
6. Maria |(1859-1945) Biang was her nickname;
she married Daniel Faustino Cruz.
7. Jose (1861-1896) the greatest Filipino hero and
peerless genius; his nickname was Pepe.
8. Concepcion (1862-1865) her pet name was
Concha; she died of sickness at the age 3
9. Josefa (1865-1945) her pet name was
Panggoy; she died as an old maid at the age of 80.
10. Trinidad (1868- 1951) Trining was her pet
name; she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83.
11. Soledad (1870-1929) youngest. Her pet name
was Choleng; she married Pantaleon Quintero.

To my fellow children (Sa aking mga
kababata), Rizals first poem at the age of 8. It deals about
the love of language.

THE FIRST HOMECOMING
Governor General Emilio Terrero
Father Faura
Don Jose Taviel De Andrade Rizals bodyguard
Msgr. Pedro Payo - Dominican
Fr. Salvador Font Augustinian
Fr. Jose Rodriguez - published a series of eight
pamphlets under the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo
Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and
other anti-Spanish writings.
8 pamphlets were entitled as follows:
1. Porque no los he de leer? (Why should I not read them?
2. Guardaos de ellos. Porque? (Beware of them. Why?)
3. Y que me dice usted de la peste? (And what can you tell
me of the plague?)
4. Porquetriunfan los impios? (Why do the impious triumph?)
5. Cree ustedque de veras no haypurgatorio? (Do you really
think there is no purgatory?)
6. Hay o no hay infierno? (Is there? or Is there no hell?)
7. Que le pareceausted de esoslibelos? (What do you think of
these libels?)
8. Confesion o condenacion? (Confession or damnation?)

Other attackers:
- General Jose Salamanca
- General Luis M. de Pando
- Sr. Fernando Vida
- Vicente Barrantes, a Spanish academician of Madrid
bitterly criticized Noli in an article published in La Espana
Moderna (a newspaper in Madrid) in January, 1890.

Defenders of the Noli
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Mariano Ponce
Father Sanchez, Rizals favorite teacher
Don Segismundo Moret, former Minister of the
crown
Dr. Miguel Morayta, historian and statesman.
Professor Blumentritt, scholar and educator,read
and liked the novel
Rev. Vicente Garcia - He blasted the arguments of
Fr. Rodriguez as follows:
1. Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, as Fr.
Rodriguez alleged, because he was a graduate of
Spanish universities and was a recipient of scholastic
honors.
2. RIZAL DOES NOT ATTACK THE Church and Spain,
as Fr Rodriguez claimed, because what Rizal attacked
in Noli were the bad Spanish officials and not Spain,
and the bad and corrupt affairs and not the church
3. Father Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli
commit a mortal sin; since he (Rodriguez) had read
the novel, therefore he also commit a mortal sin.


Second Homecoming And The Liga Filipina
CAST:
Lucia Herbosa
Sisa Lopez
Saturnina Hidalgo
General Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe he is
the Spanish Governor General of Malacaan Palace
Doroteo Ongjunco Chinese-Filipino mestizo
The patriots aside from Rizal are the following:
Pedro Serrano Laktaw (PandayPira)
Domingo Franco (Felipe Leal)
Jose A. Ramos (Socorro)
Salvador gobernadorcillo of
Quiapo and Mason
BonifacioArevalo (Harem)
Deodato Arellano
Ambrosio Flores (Musa)

(Araw)
- tailor and Mason
Faustino Villarruel (Ilaw)
Mariano Crisostomo landlord
Numeriano Adriano (Ipil)
artisan and Mason
court clerk and Mason
warehouse employee
ApolinarioMabini (Katabay)
Juan Zulueta
Ramon Despujol
Captain Delgras
Captain Ricardo Carnicero

June 26, 1892 Rizals bold return to Manila as it is
his second homecoming.

Arrival in Manila with Sister
June 26, 1892, Rizal and his widowed sister
Lucia arrived in Manila.

Founding of the Liga Filipina

On the evening of Sunday (July 3, 1892) Following
his morning interview with Governor General
Despujol, Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at
the home of DoroteoOngjunco, on Ylaya Street,
Tondo, Manila. Among those present were Pedro
Serrano Laktaw, Domingo Franco, Jose A. Ramos,
Ambrosio Salvador, BonifacioArevalo, Deodato
Arellano, Agustin de la Rosa, Moises Salvador, Luis
Villareal, Faustino Villarruel, Mariano
Crisostomo,Numeriano Adriano, EstanislaoLegaspi,
Teodoro Plata, Andres Bonifacio, ApolinarioMabini
and Juan Zulueta.

Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina,
which he desired to establish and its role in the
socio-economic life of the people. He presented the
Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong
Kong and discussed its provisions. The patriots were
favorably impressed and gladly approved the
establishment of the Liga.

Liga Filipina a civic league of Filipinos

The officers of the new league were elected, as
follows:
1. President - Ambrosio Salvador
2. Secretary Deodato Arellano
3. Treasurer- BonifacioArevalo
4. Fiscal Agustin de la Rosa

Constitution of the Liga Filipina

The aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its
Constitution, were the following:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one
compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and
necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture,
and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.

The motto of the Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar
Omnium (One Like All).
Supreme Council is the governing body of the
league which had jurisdiction over the whole country.
It was composed of a president, a secretary, a
treasurer and a fiscal. There was a Provincial Council
in every province and a Popular Council in every
town.
All Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their
fatherland are qualified for membership. Every
member pays an entrance fee of two pesos and a
monthly due of 10 centavos.
The dutiesof the Liga members are as follows:
1. Obey the orders of the Supreme Council.
2. To help in recruiting new members.
3. To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of
the Liga authorities.
4. To have a symbolic name which he cannot
change until he becomes president of his council.
5. To report to the fiscal anything that he may
hear which affects the Liga.
6. To behave well as befits a good Filipino.
7. To help fellow members in all ways.

Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago

Wednesday (July 6) Rizal went to Malacaan Palace
to resume his series of interviews with the governor
general. During the interview, Governor General
Despujol suddenly showed him some printed leaflets
which were allegedly found in Lucias pillow cases.
Rizal vigorously denied having those leaflets in
Lucias baggage, which had been thoroughly
searched upon their arrival from Hong Kong by the
custom authorities which found nothing. Despite his
denial and insistent demand for investigation in
accordance with the due process of law, he was
placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by
Ramon Despujol.
PobresFrailes (Poor Friars) entitled to these
incriminatory leaflets under the authorship of Fr.
Jacinto. They were a satire against the rich
Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches
contrary their monastic vow of poverty.
In Fort Santiago, he was kept incommunicado, as he
related in his diary:
They assigned me a fairly furnished room with a
bed, a dozen chairs, one table, a wash basin and a
mirror. The room had three windows; one without
grill which opens on a patio, another with grills which
look out on the city walls and the beach and another
which was the door closed with had orders to fire on
anyone who might signal from the beach. I could not
write nor speak with anyone except the officer on
duty.
July 7, 1892 The Gaceta de Manilapublished the
story of Rizals arrest which produced indignant
commotion among the Filipino people, particularly
the members of the newly organized Liga Filipina.

Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan

July 7, 1892 The same issue of the Gaceta
contained Governor General Despujols decree
deporting Rizal to one of the islands in the South.
The gubernatorial decree gave the reasons for Rizals
deportation as follows:

1. Rizal had published books and articles
abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and which
were frankly anti-Catholic and imprudently anti-
friar.
2. A few hours after his arrival in Manila there
was found in one of the packages . . . a bundle of
handbills entitled PobresFrailes in which the patient
and humble generosity of Filipinos is satirized and
which accusation is published against the customs of
religious orders.
3. His novel El Filibusterismowas dedicated to
the memory of three traitors (Burgos, Gomez and
Zamora), and on the title page he wrote that in view
of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration,
the only salvation for the Philippines was separation
from the mother country.
4. The end which he purseus in his efforts
and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts
the treasures of our holy Cattholic faith.

Shortly after midnight of July 14 (that is 12:30 a.m.
of July 15,1892) Rizal was brought under heavy
guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for
Dapitan.
This steamer under Captain Delgras deported at 1:00
a.m., July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro and
Panay, and reaching Dapitan onSunday, the 17th of
July, at 7:00 in the evening.

Captain Delgras went ashore and handed Rizal over
to Captain Ricardo Carnicero. That same night, July
17, 1892, Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan
which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of four
years.