Basics of computer

Introduction:
Computer is one of the wonders of modern world. Charles Babbage considered the father
of modern computer because he only the first person who invented the machine named
difference engine which can store information.

Operating system:

An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible
for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer that
acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine.

Example Operating system: windows 98, Unix, Linux, windows XP, windows vista, windows 7, etc.

Input devices:
- Mouse
- keyboards
- webcam
- microphone
- scanner
- cd rom

Output devices:

– Monitor
– Printer
– Projectors

Personal/user system hardware:

– Graphics card
– Multimedia card
– Sound card
– RAM
– (UPS) uninterruptible power supply
– PDA(personal digital assistance)
– Printer
– scanners
– (SCSI)small computers system interface
– Tablet PC
– USB (universal serial bus)

Personal/user system software:

 – Antivirus software
– Desktop software
– Microsoft office
– Translation software
– Spreadsheets
– SmartSuite
– Teleworking

Storage:

– Backup software
– CD-ROM
– CD-RW
– Data recovery
– Disk storage
– DVD drives
– Fiber channel
– Flash memory
– Floppy drives
– Hard drives

Data conversion:

– Bit:
(0 or 1)
– Byte:
1 byte= 8 bit
– Kilobyte:
1 kilobyte=1024 bytes
– Megabyte:
1 megabyte= 1024 kilobytes
– Gigabyte:
1 gigabyte= 1024 megabytes
– Terabyte:
1 terabyte= 1024 gigabytes

bit, byte, escape character, exabyte, G, giga (G), gigabit, gigabyte, K, KB, kilobyte, M, MB,
mega, megabyte, nibble, octet, petabyte, terabyte, word, yottabyte, zettabyte

Internet:

– ASP (application service provider)

– ISP (internet service provider)
– Browsers
 – URL

CPU:

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is the portion of a computer system that
carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's
functions.

Telecommunication and wireless computing:

– Bluetooth
– Broadband networks
– Computer telephony integration
– Email broadcast
– Fax devices
– Internet phone
– Internet telephony
– Mobile computing
– Modems
– Unified messaging
– Video conferencing
– VOIP
– WAP
– Wireless computing

Multimedia:

– 3d graphics modeling
– Computer animation
– Computer graphics
– Computer imaging
– Computer simulation
– Multimedia

File format: