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Information and communications technology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information
technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications
[1]
and the integration
of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise
software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and
manipulate information.
[2]
The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer
networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to
elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a
single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.
Contents
1 History of the term
2 ICT versus infocommunications
3 Global costs of IT
4 ICT Development Index
5 The WSIS Process and ICT development goals
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
History of the term
The phrase ICT had been used by academic researchers since the 1980s,
[3]
but it became popular after it was
used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997
[4]
and in the revised National Curriculum
for England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2000. As of September 2013, the term "ICT" in the UK National
Curriculum has been replaced by the broader term "computing".
[5]
ICT versus infocommunications
The term infocommunications is sometimes used interchangeably with ICT. Infocommunications is the expansion
of telecommunications with information processing and content handling functions on a common digital
technology base. For a comparison of these and other terms, see.
[6]
Global costs of IT
8/1/2014 Information and communications technology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Look up ICT or
information and
communications
technology in Wiktionary,
the free dictionary.
The money spent on IT worldwide has been most recently estimated as US $3.5 trillion and is currently growing
at 5% per year doubling every 15 years. The 2014 IT budget of US federal government is nearly $82
billion.
[7]
IT costs, as a percentage of corporate revenue, have grown 50% since 2002, putting a strain on IT
budgets. When looking at current companies IT budgets, 75% are recurrent costs, used to keep the lights on
in the IT department, and 25% are cost of new initiatives for technology development.
[8]
The average IT budget has the following breakdown:
[8]
31% personnel costs (internal)
29% software costs (external/purchasing category)
26% hardware costs (external/purchasing category)
14% costs of external service providers (external/services).
ICT Development Index
The ICT Development Index compares the level of ICT use and access across the world.
[9]
The WSIS Process and ICT development goals
On 21 December 2001, the United Nations General Assembly approved Resolution 56/183, endorsing the
holding of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) to discuss the opportunities and challenges
facing today's information society.
[10]
According to this resolution, the General Assembly related the Summit to
the United Nations Millennium Declaration's goal of implementing ICT to achieve Millennium Development
Goals. It also emphasized a multi-stakeholder approach to achieve these goals, using all stakeholders including
civil society and the private sector, in addition to governments.
See also
Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative
ICT Development Index
Infocommunications
Cognitive infocommunications
Digital divide
Information Age
Information and communication technologies for development
Information and communication technologies for environmental
sustainability
Market information systems
Mobile Web
References
8/1/2014 Information and communications technology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology 3/4
1. ^ "Cloud network architecture and ICT - Modern Network Architecture"
(http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/modern-network-architecture/cloud-network-architecture-and-
ict/). Itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com. 2011-12-18. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
2. ^ "Information and Communication Technology from"
(http://foldoc.org/Information+and+Communication+Technology). FOLDOC. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
3. ^ William Melody et al., Information and Communication Technologies: Social Sciences Research and
Training: A Report by the ESRC Programme on Information and Communication Technologies, ISBN 0-
86226-179-1, 1986. Roger Silverstone et al., "Listening to a long conversation: an ethnographic approach to the
study of information and communication technologies in the home", Cultural Studies, 5(2), pages 204-227,
1991.
4. ^ The Independent ICT in Schools Commission, Information and Communications Technology in UK Schools:
An Independent Inquiry
(http://web.archive.org/web/20070104225121/http://rubble.ultralab.anglia.ac.uk/stevenson/ICT.pdf), 1997.
Impact noted in Jim Kelly, What the Web is Doing for Schools
(http://specials.ft.com/lifeonthenet/FT3NXTH03DC.html), Financial Times, 2000.
5. ^ "Consultation on the order for replacing ICT with computing and the regulations for disapplying aspects of
the existing national curriculum" (https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-i-the-order-
for-replacing-ict-with-computing-and-ii-the-regulations-for-disapplying-aspects-of-the-existing-national-
curriculum).
6. ^ Sallai, Gy.: Defining Infocommunications and Related Terms. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, Vol. 9, No. 6,
2012. pp. 5-15. http://www.uni-obuda.hu/journal/Sallai_38.pdf
7. ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/egov_docs/2014_budget_priorities_20130410.pdf
8. ^
a

b
"IT Costs The Costs, Growth And Financial Risk Of Software Assets"
(http://omtco.eu/references/sam/it-costs-the-costs-growth-and-financial-risk-of-software-assets/). OMT-CO
Operations Management Technology Consulting GmbH. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
9. ^ "Measuring the Information Society" (http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/backgrounders/general/pdf/5.pdf).
International Telecommunication Union. 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
10. ^ "Basic information : about wsis" (http://www.itu.int/wsis/basic/about.html). International Telecommunication
Union. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
Further reading
Caperna A., Integrating ICT into Sustainable Local Policies. ISBN 9781615209293 (http://www.igi-
global.com/bookstore/Chapter.aspx?TitleId=43194)
Carnoy, Martin. "ICT in Education: Possibilities and Challenges
(http://www.uoc.edu/inaugural04/eng/carnoy1004.pdf)." Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2005.
"Good Practice in Information and Communication Technology for Education
(http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2009/Good-Practice-in-ICT-for-Education.pdf)." Asian
Development Bank, 2009.
Grossman, G. and E. Helpman (2005), "Outsourcing in a global economy", Review of Economic Studies
72: 135-159.
Oliver, Ron. "The Role of ICT in Higher Education for the 21st Century: ICT as a Change Agent for
8/1/2014 Information and communications technology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology 4/4
Education (http://elrond.scam.ecu.edu.au/oliver/2002/he21.pdf)." University, Perth, Western Australia,
2002.
Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (London, UK: Routledge, 1988), in
particular Chapter 4
Measuring the Information Society: The ICT Development Index (http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-
D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf). International
Telecommunication Union. 2013. p. 254.
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